玉米—大豆带状套作中田间小气候与群体产量的关系

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2016.11.02

浙江农业学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (11): 1812-1821.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2016.11.02

玉米—大豆带状套作中田间小气候与群体产量的关系

陈国鹏, 王小春^*, 蒲甜, 曾红, 陈诚, 彭霄, 丁国辉, 王锐, 杨文钰

四川农业大学农学院/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川温江 611130

收稿日期:2016-03-16 出版日期:2016-11-15 发布日期:2016-11-16
通讯作者: 王小春,E-mail:xchwang@sicau.edu.cn
作者简介:陈国鹏(1990—)男,甘肃武威人,硕士研究生,研究方向为作物高产优质高效栽培理论与技术。E-mail:592930139@qq.com
基金资助:
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(20150312705); 国家科技支撑项目(2012BAD04B13-2); 四川省育种攻关项目(2011NZ0098-15-2)

Relationship of field microclimate and population yield in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system

CHEN Guo-peng, WANG Xiao-chun^*, PU Tian, ZENG Hong, CHEN Cheng, PENG Xiao, DING Guo-hui, WANG Rui, YANG Wen-yu

College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China

Received:2016-03-16 Online:2016-11-15 Published:2016-11-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以玉米—大豆带状套作为研究对象,设置玉米不同宽行行距(A1: 1.2 m、A2: 1.3 m、A3: 1.4 m、A4: 1.5 m、A5: 1.6 m、A6: 1.7 m、A7: 1.8 m)和相同窄行行距(0.4 m)处理,以玉米净作为对照,研究了玉米田间小气候对产量的影响。结果表明:土壤温度在玉米全生育期随带宽的增加呈先升后降趋势,A4温度最高(26.2 ℃),较净作高0.6 ℃;而田间温度在玉米生长中后期随带宽变化相反,A6的2年平均温度最高(26.25 ℃),较A4高1.15 ℃;吐丝期,带宽处理对玉米行间透光率的影响较其他生育期更为显著,A1的2年平均透光率最高,比净作显著提高11.2%;套作的光能利用率显著高于净作,光能利用率随带宽的增加呈先升后降趋势,A5光能利用率最高,较对照、A7分别显著提高26.52%、20.51%;A5总产量和经济效益达最大,分别较A7和对照提高14.35%、19.46%和16.77%、26.84%。影响玉米产量的主要因素有土壤水分含量、田间温度、玉米冠层CO₂浓度,对大豆产量产生影响的主要因素为土壤温度、行间透光率。选择适宜的带宽协调气候因子与玉米的相互作用关系,降低玉米大豆种类间竞争,使气候资源调配更合理,创造适宜玉米、大豆生长的田间小气候因子,提高玉米产量,兼顾大豆产量是玉米—大豆带状套作模式获得高产的重要措施。

关键词: 带宽, 田间小气候, 产量, 玉米, 玉米—, 大豆套作

Abstract: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different wide rows spacing (A1: 1.2 m, A2: 1.3 m, A3: 1.4 m, A4: 1.5 m, A5: 1.6 m, A6: 1.7 m, A7: 1.8 m) at same rnarrow maize row spacing(0.4 m) treatment on the field microclimate and crops total yield in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system. The results indicated that soil temperature increased firstly and then decreased during the whole growth period of maize with increasing of strip width, and A4 had the hightest temperature (26.2 ℃), which was 0.6 ℃ higher than monoculture. On the contrary, field temperature decreased at first and then increased during the middle and later growth stage of maize, and A6 had the highest temperature (26.25℃), which was 1.15 ℃ higher than A4. Effect of strip width on transmittance at silking stage was highter than the other growth stages, A1 had the hightest ransmittancet and significant increased by 11.2% compared with monoculture. Compared with monoculture, intercropping significant improved the light energy utilization rate, the transmittance increased firstly and then decreased with the increasing of strip width, and A5 was the highest among all treatments, which was 26.52% and 20.51% highter than monoculture and A7, respectively. Total yield and economic benefit of A5 were the hightest, and increased by 14.35%, 19.46% and 16.77%, 26.84% compared with A7 and monoculture, respectively. Soil water content, field temperature and CO₂ concentration of maize canopy were main factors influencing maize grain yield, while soil temperature and transmittance of row middle was important factors for soybean. Selecting an adaptable strip width to coordinate the interaction between bandwidth and climate factor, reducing inter specific competition between maize and soybean, optimizing the climate resource allocation, creating the suitable field microclimate factors for maize and soybean growth were important for achieving high yield in maize-soybean strip intercropping system.

Key words: bandwidth, field microclimate, yield, maize, maize-soybean relay strip intercropping

中图分类号:

S513

陈国鹏, 王小春, 蒲甜, 曾红, 陈诚, 彭霄, 丁国辉, 王锐, 杨文钰. 玉米—大豆带状套作中田间小气候与群体产量的关系[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2016, 28(11): 1812-1821.

CHEN Guo-peng, WANG Xiao-chun, PU Tian, ZENG Hong, CHEN Cheng, PENG Xiao, DING Guo-hui, WANG Rui, YANG Wen-yu. Relationship of field microclimate and population yield in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system[J]. , 2016, 28(11): 1812-1821.

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玉米—大豆带状套作中田间小气候与群体产量的关系

Relationship of field microclimate and population yield in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system

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