关键词: 小麦, 水肥处理, 冠层结构, 灌浆速率, 产量, 籽粒品质

Abstract: In order to clarify the effects of different water and fertilizer treatments on the canopy structure, yield and grain quality of wheat, the drought resistant cultivar Shinong086 was used as the test material. Five nitrogen rates (0, 150, 225, 300, 375 kg·hm^-2, which was designated as N₀, N₁₅₀, N₂₂₅, N₃₀₀, N₃₇₅, respectively), and 3 irrigation ways (no irrigation, irrigation once at jointing stage, irrigation twice at jointing stage and flowering stage with 600 m³·hm^-2 each time, which was designated as W₀, W₁, W₂, respectively) were set. Accordingly, 9 treatments were designed including W₀N₀, W₁N₁₅₀, W₁N₂₂₅, W₁N₃₀₀, W₁N₃₇₅, W₂N₁₅₀, W₂N₂₂₅, W₂N₃₀₀, W₂N₃₇₅. It was shown that with the passage of days after flowering, the leaf area index showed a trend of increasing first and decreasing subsequently, and the leaf area index increased with higher nitrogen rate or irrigation time. Under the same irrigation time, the grain filling rate increased first and decreased later with the increasing nitrogen rate, and the highest grain filling rate was recorded when nitrogen rate was 225 kg·hm^-2. Besides, the grain filling rate under irrigation twice was higher than that under irrigation once. The total nitrogen and protein content in grains increased with the increasing nitrogen rate. However, irrigation ways showed no significant influence on the total nitrogen and protein content in grains. The starch content in grains of W₂N₃₀₀ and W₂N₃₇₅ was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of W₀N₀. Among all the treatments, W₂N₂₂₅ showed the highest yield and yield components. Therefore, under the experiment conditions, it could achieve high yield and high utilization rate of water and fertilizer by applying 225 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen and irrigation twice at jointing stage and flowering stage with 600 m³·hm^-2 each time.

Key words: wheat, water and fertilizer treatment, canopy structure, grain filling rate, yield, grain quality