不同覆盖方式对高原夏季露地松花菜产量、品质和土壤养分的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.09.11

浙江农业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (9): 1626-1633.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.09.11

不同覆盖方式对高原夏季露地松花菜产量、品质和土壤养分的影响

李金武¹, 郁继华¹, 吕剑^1,*, 冯致¹, 杨海兴², 车旭升¹, 秦启杰¹, 张洋¹, 金宁¹

1.甘肃农业大学园艺学院,甘肃兰州 730070;
2.榆中县农业技术推广中心,甘肃榆中 730100

收稿日期:2020-03-12 出版日期:2020-09-25 发布日期:2020-10-10
通讯作者: *吕剑,E-mail:lvjian@gsau.edu.cn
作者简介:李金武(1995—),男,甘肃永昌人,硕士研究生,主要从事园艺设施栽培与环境调控方向的研究。E-mail:1009484923@qq.com
基金资助:
国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-23-C-07);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0201205);国家自然科学基金(31660584);甘肃省科技重大专项(17ZD2NA015)

Effects of different mulching methods on yield, quality and soil nutrients of open-air loose-curd cauliflower on plateau in summer

LI Jinwu¹, YU Jihua¹, LYU Jian^1,*, FENG Zhi¹, YANG Haixing², CHE Xusheng¹, QIN Qijie¹, ZHANG Yang¹, JIN Ning¹

1. College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2. Yuzhong Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Yuzhong 730100, China

Received:2020-03-12 Online:2020-09-25 Published:2020-10-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明不同覆盖方式对高原夏季露地松花菜产量、品质和土壤养分的影响,通过田间试验,采用地膜和秸秆覆盖(T1)、秸秆行间覆盖(T2)、秸秆全覆盖(T3)、露地无覆盖(CK1)和传统地膜覆盖(CK2)5种覆盖栽培方式,测定分析松花菜的产量、品质、矿物质元素含量、全生育期灌水量、灌水利用效率和土壤养分含量。结果表明:地表覆盖可以降低松花菜全生育期灌水量,其中T1处理产量和灌水利用效率均高于其他处理,较CK1、CK2节水29.0%、7.3%,增产68.9%、4.7%,灌水利用效率提高6.12、1.22百分点。T1处理花球的可溶性糖、维生素C含量均高于其他处理,且硝酸盐含量最低;各处理间可溶性蛋白含量无显著差异。与CK1、CK2相比,T1、T2和T3处理均可以提高花球矿物质元素含量,以T3处理效果最为显著。T1处理土壤有机质、全磷含量较CK1高29.6%、108.4%,全氮、全钾、土壤钙、镁和锰元素含量与CK1无显著差异;T1处理土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和土壤锰元素含量较CK2高14.7%、80.0%、52.0%和105.3%,全钾、土壤钙、镁元素含量与CK2无显著差异。综合分析表明,地膜+秸秆处理具有保墒增产、提高松花菜品质和改善土壤环境的效果,有效实现农作物秸秆的循环利用,避免了当地秸秆焚烧所带来的环境问题,可以促进该地区农业可持续发展。

关键词: 覆盖方式, 土壤养分, 品质, 产量, 松花菜

Abstract: In order to find out the effect of different mulching methods on yield, quality and soil nutrients of the open ground loose-curd cauliflower on theplateau in summer, the field experiment, five mulching methods were adopted, including plastic film and straw mulching (T1), straw mulching between rows (T2), whole straw mulching (T3), open field without mulching (CK1) and plastic film mulching (CK2), the yield, quality, mineral element content, irrigation amount, irrigation utilization efficiency, and soil nutrient content of loose-curd cauliflower were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the surface mulching could reduce the irrigation amount in the whole growth period of the loose-curd cauliflower, and the yield and water production efficiency of T1 treatment were higher than those of other treatments. Compared with CK1 and CK2, T1 could save water by 29.0% and 7.3%, increase production by 68.9% and 4.7%, and irrigation water use efficiency increasedby 6.12 and 1.22 percent points. The content of soluble sugar and vitamin C in T1 treatment was higher than that in other treatments, and the content of nitrate was the lowest. Compared with CK1 and CK2, T1, T2 and T3 treatment could improve the mineral element content of flower ball, and T3 treatment had the most significant effect. The content of soil organic matter, total phosphorus in T1 treatment was 29.6%, 108.4% higher than that in CK1, and the content of total nitrogen, total potassium, soil calcium, magnesium and manganese had no significant difference from CK1; The content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and manganese in T1 treatment was 14.7%, 80.0%, 52.0% and 105.3% higher than that in CK2, and the content of total potassium, soil calcium and magnesium had no significant difference with CK2. The treatment of plastic film and strawmulching had the effect of conserving soil moisture and increasing production, improving the quality of loose-curd cauliflower and improving the soil environment, effectively realizing the recycling of crop straw, avoiding the environmental problems caused by local straw burning, and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture in this area.

Key words: mulching method, soil nutrient, quality, yield, loose-curd cauliflower

中图分类号:

S635.3

李金武, 郁继华, 吕剑, 冯致, 杨海兴, 车旭升, 秦启杰, 张洋, 金宁. 不同覆盖方式对高原夏季露地松花菜产量、品质和土壤养分的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2020, 32(9): 1626-1633.

LI Jinwu, YU Jihua, LYU Jian, FENG Zhi, YANG Haixing, CHE Xusheng, QIN Qijie, ZHANG Yang, JIN Ning. Effects of different mulching methods on yield, quality and soil nutrients of open-air loose-curd cauliflower on plateau in summer[J]. , 2020, 32(9): 1626-1633.

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不同覆盖方式对高原夏季露地松花菜产量、品质和土壤养分的影响

Effects of different mulching methods on yield, quality and soil nutrients of open-air loose-curd cauliflower on plateau in summer

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