浙江农业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (9): 1672-1682.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.09.16

• 环境科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同砷污染程度下香蒲生长与砷富集特征

陈天1, 包宁颖1, 杜崇宣1, 刘云根1,2,*   

  1. 1.西南林业大学 生态与环境学院,云南 昆明 650224;
    2.西南林业大学 水科学与工程中心,云南 昆明 650224
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-04 出版日期:2020-09-25 发布日期:2020-10-10
  • 通讯作者: *刘云根,E-mail:henryliu1008@163.com
  • 作者简介:陈天(1993—),女,河南永城人,硕士研究生,主要从事湿地重金属生态修复研究。E-mail:1094762024@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(21767027,40761098)

Growth and arsenic enrichment characteristics of Typha angustifolia L. under different arsenic pollution levels

CHEN Tian1, BAO Ningying1, DU Chongxuan1, LIU Yungen1,2,*   

  1. 1. College of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China;
    2. Water Science and Engineering Center, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
  • Received:2020-02-04 Online:2020-09-25 Published:2020-10-10

摘要: 为探究典型湿地挺水植物香蒲(Typha angustifolia L.)在砷(As)污染下的生长状况,以及香蒲中As的累积与迁移特征,设置As0、As50、As150、As600 4个梯度As污染生境,对应底泥中As含量分别为0、50、150、600 mg·kg-1,探析As胁迫下生命周期内(生长期、成熟期、萎黄期)香蒲的生长发育、As累积特征及其对土壤中As的提取效果。结果表明:在4种程度As胁迫下香蒲均能完成生命周期,结出种子柱头。生长期,As50处理香蒲根系耐性指数最高,达到132.38%;As150处理香蒲生物量为19.12 g,较As0处理高出34.08%;As600处理生物量积累为12.35 g,较As0处理减少13.39%,此时香蒲根系耐性指数最小,为65.23%。成熟期,As50处理香蒲生物量累积最大,达到72.23 g,较As0处理高出28.70%,此时香蒲根系耐性指数最高,为149.25%;As600处理生物量积累最低,香蒲根系耐性指数最小。萎黄期,As50处理香蒲生物量累积最高,达到79.23 g,较As0处理高出23.94%,此时香蒲根系耐性指数最高,达到119.28%;As600处理下生物量积累最低,较As0处理下降13.47%。在香蒲生长的3个阶段,底泥As含量为0 ~50 mg·kg-1时香蒲叶片谷胱甘肽活性最高;As50和As150处理的PSⅡ光合反应系统最大光合潜力(Fv/Fm)均高于As0处理,而As600处理下香蒲Fv/Fm最低,此时叶片超氧化物歧化酶活性和丙二醛含量最高;香蒲地下部对As的生物富集系数大于地上部,植株间转运系数为0.09~1.10,香蒲对底泥中As的固定率大于去除率,提取量和单位面积迁移量与底泥中As含量呈极显著正相关。说明香蒲可以耐高浓度As胁迫并正常生长,对As污染湿地底泥有良好的修复效果,可以将香蒲作为As污染湿地植物建群种,香蒲生长达到萎黄期之前增加对香蒲的收获和更换次数可以获得更好的修复效果。

关键词: 湿地, As污染, 挺水植物, 生长, 富集特征

Abstract: To investigate the growth status of typical wetland emergent plant Typha angustifolia L. and its characteristics of arsenic (As) accumulation and migration, As0, As50, As150 and As600 (corresponding to 0, 50, 150 and 600 mg·kg-1 As of sediment) were set up to study the growth and development, As accumulation characteristics of T. angustifolia L. during the life cycle (growth period, maturity period and yellow wilting period) and the effect of As extraction from soil. The result showed that T. angustifolia L. could complete its life cycle and formed seed stigma under four levels of As stress. In the growth stage, the root tolerance index (IT) of T. angustifolia L. under As50 treatment was the highest, reached to 132.38%, and the biomass of T. angustifolia L. under As150 treatment was 19.12 g, 34.08% higher than that under As0 treatment, the biomass accumulation under As600 treatment was 12.35 g, which was 13.39% less than that under As0 treatment, at this time, typha IT was the smallest, which was 65.23%; In the mature stage, the biomass accumulation of typha under As50 treatment was the highest, reaching 72.23 g, 28.70% higher than that under As0 treatment, at this time, IT of typha was the highest, reached to 149.25%; The biomass accumulation and IT under As600 treatment were the lowest. In the yellow wilting stage, the biomass accumulation and IT of typha under As50 treatment were the highest, reached to 79.23 g and 119.28%, respectively; The biomass accumulation under As600 treatment was the lowest, 13.47% lower than that under As0 treatment. In the three stages, GSH activity of typha was the highest when As content was 0-50 mg·kg-1 in the sediment, and Fv/Fm in As50 and As150were higher than that in As0; Fv/Fm in A600 was the lowest, and SOD activity and MDA content were the highest in the leaves; The bioaccumulation coefficient (BCF) of As in the underground part of typha was higher than that in the aboveground part, the transfer coefficient (TF) between plants was 0.09-1.10. The As fixed rate (ER) in the sediment of typha was higher than the removal rate (RR), and there was a significant positive correlation between the amount of extraction (EA), the amount of migration per unit area (MPUA) and the amount of As in the sediment. Typha culd endure high concentration As stress and grow normally, and had good remediation effect on the sediment of As polluted wetland. It could be planted as a wetland plant establishment species in As polluted wetland, and could increase the number of harvest and replacement of typha before the yellow wilting stage to obtain better remediation effect.

Key words: wetland, As pollution, emergent plant, growth, enrichment characteristic

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