喀斯特地区不同玫瑰混农林模式的土壤螨类群落结构特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.01.14

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 112-121.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.01.14

喀斯特地区不同玫瑰混农林模式的土壤螨类群落结构特征

杨乙未¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), 肖华¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 陈浒¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,^*(), 肖聶佳¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 郭城¹^,²^,³^,⁴

1.贵州师范大学喀斯特研究院,贵州贵阳 550001
2.国家喀斯特石漠化防治工程技术研究中心,贵州贵阳 550001
3.中国南方喀斯特生态环境学科创新引智基地,贵州贵阳 550001
4.贵州省喀斯特山地生态环境省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,贵州贵阳 550001

收稿日期:2020-06-04 出版日期:2021-01-25 发布日期:2021-01-25
通讯作者: 陈浒
作者简介:*陈浒,E-mail:gy_chenhu@163.com
杨乙未(1996—),女,贵州惠水人,硕士,研究方向为喀斯特生态建设与区域经济。E-mail:1659370869@qq.com
基金资助:
国家“十三五”重点研发计划(2016YFC0502601);贵州省科学技术基金(黔科合基础〔2020〕1Y153)

Structural characteristics of soil mite communities under different modes of rose-based agroforestry in Karst area

YANG Yiwei¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), XIAO Hua¹^,²^,³^,⁴, CHEN Hu¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,^*(), XIAO Niejia¹^,²^,³^,⁴, GUO Cheng¹^,²^,³^,⁴

1. School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
2. State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, China
3. South China Karst Eco-Environment Innovation Base, Guiyang 550001, China
4. The State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Karst Mountains Ecology Environment of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550001, China

Received:2020-06-04 Online:2021-01-25 Published:2021-01-25
Contact: CHEN Hu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

混农林业作为集约型土地利用和经营方式之一,运用于石漠化地区有利于土壤生物多样性的修复。2019年7月,对贵州省毕节市撒拉溪镇龙场村的玫瑰+大豆、玫瑰+苹果+大豆和玫瑰+玉米3种混农林模式样地中的土壤螨类进行了调查,以玫瑰单作为对照,共捕获土壤螨类1 524头,隶属3目41科64属,以盖头甲螨属(Tectocepheus)和派伦螨属(Parholaspulus)为优势属。其中,玫瑰+玉米样地中具有较丰富的螨类属数,而玫瑰样地中具有较高的个体数量。土壤螨类在4种模式的样地中均呈明显的表聚性。多样性指数和丰富度指数在玫瑰+大豆和玫瑰+玉米样地上较高。4种模式下土壤螨类的群落相似性较低,表现为中等不相似。3种混农林模式样地中捕食性革螨均为r选择型,而玫瑰样地中捕食性革螨为K选择型。甲螨群落结构在玫瑰样地上为P型,在玫瑰+大豆样地上为O型,在其余样地上为G型。总的来说,实施玫瑰混农林治理模式可使土壤螨类数量和多样性增加,以玫瑰为主,与苹果、大豆或玉米混合种植的模式有利于提高土壤螨类多样性,其中,玫瑰+大豆的模式效果较好。

关键词: 喀斯特, 土壤, 混农林业, 玫瑰, 大豆, 苹果, 玉米, 螨类

Abstract:

As one of the intensive land use and management methods, agroforestry is beneficial to the restoration of soil biodiversity in rocky desertification areas. In July 2019, a total of 1 524 soil mites belonging to 3 orders, 41 families, 64 genera were captured from three kinds of agroforestry modes, namely, rose (Rosa rugosa Thunb)+soybean [Glycin max (Linn) Merr], rose+apple (Malus pumila Mill)+soybean, rose+corn (Zea mays Linn), with single cropping of rose mode as the control, in Longchang Village, Salaxi Town, Bijie City, Guizhou Province. The results showed that Tectocepheus and Parholaspulus were the dominant genus of soil mites in this area. Among all the four modes, rose+corn had a richer quantity of mite genera, while rose had a higher individual quantity. Soil mites were manifested as surface aggregation under four models. Rose+soybean and rose+corn had a higher diversity index and richness index. The similarity of soil mite communities among four models was relatively low, which belonged to medium unsimilarity. Predatory mites (Gamasina) were r-selected under three agroforestry modes, while it was K-selected under single cropping of rose mode. The structure of Oribatid mite community was P type under rose mode, and was O type under rose+soybean mode, and was G type under the other modes. In general, the implementation of rose-based agroforestry management increased the quantity and diversity of soil mites. Rose-based agroforestry with apple, soybean or corn was beneficial for the improvement of soil mite diversity, and the rose+soybean mode was more effective.

Key words: Karst, soil, agroforestry, rose, soybean, apple, corn, mites

中图分类号:

S154.6

杨乙未, 肖华, 陈浒, 肖聶佳, 郭城. 喀斯特地区不同玫瑰混农林模式的土壤螨类群落结构特征[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(1): 112-121.

YANG Yiwei, XIAO Hua, CHEN Hu, XIAO Niejia, GUO Cheng. Structural characteristics of soil mite communities under different modes of rose-based agroforestry in Karst area[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(1): 112-121.

图/表 9

参考文献 42

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科Family	K	r
Blattisociidae	—	2
Laelapidae	—	1
Ologamasidae	—	1
Pachylaelapidae	1	—
Parholaspididae	2	—
Uropodidae	3	—
Zerconidae	3	—
Rhodacaridae	2	—
Phytoseiidae	—	2
Parasitidae	—	4

科Family	K	r
Blattisociidae	—	2
Laelapidae	—	1
Ologamasidae	—	1
Pachylaelapidae	1	—
Parholaspididae	2	—
Uropodidae	3	—
Zerconidae	3	—
Rhodacaridae	2	—
Phytoseiidae	—	2
Parasitidae	—	4

群落类型 Community type	划分标准Criteria
M	M>50%
G	G>50%
P	P>50%
O	20%≤M, G, P≤50%
MG	20%≤M, G≤50%,P<20%
GP	20%≤G, P≤50%,M<20%
MP	20%≤M, P≤50%,G<20%

群落类型 Community type	划分标准Criteria
M	M>50%
G	G>50%
P	P>50%
O	20%≤M, G, P≤50%
MG	20%≤M, G≤50%,P<20%
GP	20%≤G, P≤50%,M<20%
MP	20%≤M, P≤50%,G<20%

模式 Mode	科数 Family quantity	属数 Genus quantity	个体数量 Individual quantity	个体密度 Individual density/m^-2
R	23	31	525	1 858
R+G	25	35	417	1 476
R+M+G	20	24	185	655
R+Z	28	42	397	1 405
合计Total	41	64	1 524	1 348

喀斯特地区不同玫瑰混农林模式的土壤螨类群落结构特征

Structural characteristics of soil mite communities under different modes of rose-based agroforestry in Karst area

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科 Family		属 Genus		R				R+G				R+M+G				R+Z				合计Total
科 Family		属 Genus		Ind		Dom		Ind		Dom		Ind		Dom		Ind		Dom		Ind	Dom
尾足螨科Uropodidae		尾足螨属Uropoda		2		+		—		—		—		—		—		—		2	+
孔洞螨科Trematuridae		内特螨属Nenteria		104		+++		12		++		1		+		19		++		136	++
二爪螨科Dinychidae		二爪螨属Dinychus		2		+		—		—		—		—		1		+		3	+
穴螨科Zerconidae		后穴螨属Metazercon		1		+		—		—		—		—		—		—		1	+
寄螨科Parasitidae		新革螨属Noegamasus		13		++		22		++		7		++		33		++		75	++
		寄螨属Parasitus		1		+		21		++		5		++		18		++		45	++
胭螨科Rhodacaridae		胭螨属Rhodacarus		25		++		11		++		6		++		40		++		82	++
土革螨科Ologamasidae		革伊螨属Gamasiphis		2		+		1		+		—		—		1		+		4	+
巨螯螨科Macrochelidae		巨鳌螨属Macrocheles		2		+		—		—		6		++		1		+		9	+
派伦螨科Parholaspididae		派伦螨属Parholaspulus		71		+++		156		+++		18		++		54		+++		299	+++
厚厉螨科Pachylaelapidae		厚厉螨属Pachylaelaps		—		—		52		+++		38		+++		36		++		126	++
		厚绥螨属Pachyseius		2		+		—		—		—		—		—		—		2	+
植绥螨科Phytoseiidae		钝绥螨属Amblyseius		—		—		—		—		—		—		1		+		1	+
蠊螨科Blattisoiidae		手绥螨属Cheiroseius		2		+		—		—		1		+		—		—		3	+
		毛绥螨属Lasioseius		6		++		—		—		—		—		—		—		6	+
		北绥螨属Arctoseius		—		—		1		+		2		++		—		—		3	+
厉螨科Laelapidae		广厉螨属Cosmolaelaps		3		+		6		++		—		—		1		+		10	+
		殖厉螨属Geolaelaps		—		—		17		++		1		+		2		+		20	++
		异寄螨属Alloparasitus		—		—		—		—		—		—		1		+		1	+
		土厉螨属Ololaelaps		—		—		7		++		12		++		27		++		46	++
微绒螨科Microtrombidiidae		棘绒螨属Echinothrombium		—		—		—		—		—		—		1		+		1	+
		微绒螨属Microtrombidium		2		+		—		—		1		+		4		++		7	+
阴绒螨科Stygothrombidiidae		阴绒螨属Stygothrombium		—		—		—		—		—		—		1		+		1	+
长须螨科Stigmaeidae		长须螨属Stigmaeus		—		—		1		+		—		—		—		—		1	+
细须螨科 Tenuipalpidae		短须螨属Brevipalpus		—		—		1		+		—		—		—		—		1	+
缝甲螨科Hypochthoniidae		缝甲螨属Hypochthonius		—		—		3		+		—		—		11		++		14	+
短缝甲螨科Eniochthoniidae		短缝甲螨属Eniochthonius		—		—		1		+		—		—		—		—		1	+
罗甲螨科Lohmanniidae		罗甲螨属Lohmannia		—		—		2		+		—		—		2		+		4	+
		毛罗甲螨属Vepracarus		—		—		11		++		—		—		2		+		13	+
全罗甲螨科Perlohmanniidae		全罗甲螨属Perlohmannia		—		—		1		+		—		—		—		—		1	+
上罗甲螨科Epilohmanniidae		上罗甲螨属Epilohmannia		—		—		—		—		1		+		—		—		1	+
真卷甲螨科Euphthiracaridae		三皱甲螨属Rhysotritia		4		+		18		++		5		++		13		++		40	++
洼甲螨科Camisiidae		洼甲螨属Camisia		—		—		—		—		—		—		1		+		1	+
矮汉甲螨科Nanhermanniidae		矮汉甲螨属Nanhermannia		—		—		—		—		1		+		1		+		2	+
礼服甲螨科Trhypochthoniidae		礼服甲螨属Trhypochthonius		—		—		6		++		—		—		1		+		7	+
盲甲螨科Malaconothridae		盲甲螨属Malaconothrus		—		—		4		+		—		—		—		—		4	+
沙甲螨科Eremulidae		沙甲螨属Eremulus		—		—		—		—		1		+		11		++		12	++
丽甲螨科Liacaridae		矛歪甲螨属Dorycranosus		—		—		—		—		—		—		2		+		2	+
		丽甲螨属Liacarus		—		—		—		—		1		+		3		+		4	+
阿斯甲螨科Astegistidae		刀肋甲螨属Cultroribula		—		—		1		+		—		—		—		—		1	+
剑甲螨科Gustaviidae		剑甲螨属Gustavia		3		+		—		—		—		—		—		—		3	+
奥甲螨科Oppiidae		弓奥甲螨属Arcoppia		13		++		10		++		—		—		2		+		25	++
		桂奥甲螨属Lauroppia		—		—		3		+		9		++		2		+		14	+
		微奥甲螨属Microppia		1		+		—		—		—		—		—		—		1	+
		多奥甲螨属Multioppia		3		+		—		—		—		—		2		+		5	+
		奥甲螨属Oppia		—		—		1		+		—		—		—		—		1	+
		小奥甲螨属Oppiella		9		++		7		++		1		+		5		++		22	++
		尖奥甲螨属Oxyoppia		—		—		—		—		—		—		1		+		1	+
		伪美奥甲螨属Pseudoamerioppia		—		—		—		—		—		—		1		+		1	+
		枝奥甲螨属Ramusella		—		—		3		+		—		—		1		+		4	+
盖头甲螨科Tectocepheidae		盖头甲螨属Tectocepheus		225		+++		22		++		61		+++		43		+++		351	+++
角翼甲螨科Achipteriidae		角翼甲螨属Achipteria		1		+		—		—		1		+		3		+		5	+
		副角翼甲螨属Parachipteria		2		+		—		—		—		—		—		—		2	+
科 Family	属 Genus		R				R+G				R+M+G				R+Z				合计Total
科 Family	属 Genus		Ind		Dom		Ind		Dom		Ind		Dom		Ind		Dom		Ind		Dom
若甲螨科Oribatulidae	若甲螨属Oribatula		—		—		1		+		—		—		18		++		19		++
	合若甲螨属Zygoribatula		—		—		4		+		3		++		—		—		7		+
山足甲螨科Oripodidae	山足甲螨属Oripoda		5		+		5		++		—		—		—		—		10		+
杆棱甲螨科Mochlozetidae	杆棱甲螨属Mochlozetes		4		+		—		—		—		—		—		—		4		+
单翼甲螨科Haplozetidae	单翼甲螨属Haplozetes		9		++		1		+		—		—		11		++		21		++
	全单翼甲螨属Perxylobates		—		—		3		+		2		++		—		—		5		+
大翼甲螨科Galumnidae	大翼甲螨属Galumna		2		+		—		—		—		—		—		—		2		+
	全大翼甲螨属Pergalumna		3		+		1		+		—		—		5		++		9		+
	毛大翼甲螨属Trichogalumna		2		+		—		—		—		—		3		+		5		+
薄口螨科Histiostomatidae	薄口螨属Histiostoma		1		+		1		+		—		—		9		++		11		+
食甜螨科Glycyphagidae	食甜螨属Glycyhagus		—		—		—		—		1		+		3		+		4		+

模式 Mode	类群数比例 Genera proportion/%			个体数比例 Individual proportion/%			群落类型 Community type
模式 Mode	M	G	P	M	G	P	群落类型 Community type
R	3.67±0.06	41.33±0.05	54.67±0.10	P			0.67±0.01	80.33±0.19	19.00±0.19	G
R+G	37.33±0.10	39.33±0.01	23.67±0.10	O			39.67±0.10	44.67±0.05	16.00±0.09	MG
R+M+G	26.67±0.36	61.00±0.35	12.67±0.22	G			11.33±0.17	83.00±0.16	5.67±0.10	G
R+Z	22.00±0.09	50.67±0.11	27.00±0.05	G			18.67±0.05	54.67±0.17	26.67±0.15	G

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[2]	瞿展, 杨立桃. 转基因玉米TC1507质粒DNA标准物质的研制[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(3): 390-395.
[3]	钱晓慧, 陈龙清, 李双琴, 施蕊. 两种可食用玫瑰生物碱代谢物差异分析[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(3): 454-463.
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模式Mode	R+G	R+M+G	R+Z
R	0.27	0.28	0.38
R+G		0.34	0.45
R+M+G			0.35

模式Mode	R+G	R+M+G	R+Z
R	0.27	0.28	0.38
R+G		0.34	0.45
R+M+G			0.35

模式mode	MI	类群Group
R	0.51±0.14	K
R+G	0.38±0.11	r
R+M+G	0.48±0.30	r
R+Z	0.30±0.04	r

模式mode	MI	类群Group
R	0.51±0.14	K
R+G	0.38±0.11	r
R+M+G	0.48±0.30	r
R+Z	0.30±0.04	r