基于离散元法的铧式犁仿真优化分析及试验

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.11.23

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (11): 2542-2552.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.11.23

基于离散元法的铧式犁仿真优化分析及试验

刘明勇¹^,²(), 胡成龙¹^,²^,^*(), 谢柏林¹^,²

1.湖北工业大学,湖北武汉 430068
2.湖北省农业机械工程研究设计院,湖北武汉 430068

收稿日期:2021-06-14 出版日期:2022-11-25 发布日期:2022-11-29
通讯作者: 胡成龙
作者简介:*胡成龙,E-mail:791335561@qq.com
刘明勇(1986—),男,江西九江人,博士,副教授,主要从事农机动力学研究。E-mail:lmy8508@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0701105-03);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0700604);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0301303)

Simulation and optimization analysis and experiment of split plough based on discrete element method

LIU Mingyong¹^,²(), HU Chenglong¹^,²^,^*(), XIE Bolin¹^,²

1. Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
2. Hubei Agricultural Machinery Engineering Research and Design Institute, Wuhan 430068, China

Received:2021-06-14 Online:2022-11-25 Published:2022-11-29
Contact: HU Chenglong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文以减小犁体阻力,提升耕作效率为目的,基于EDEM以抛物线曲面犁体为基础展开研究,对犁体耕作过程进行仿真分析,观察土壤颗粒的扰动行为,对犁体不同的导曲线、铧刃角、安装角和工作速度对于犁体耕作阻力的影响展开分析,得出了较为理想的犁体参数;结果表明,相比较于抛物线曲面,椭圆曲面在相对稳定阶段时阻力大小为1 591.551 N,比抛物线曲面降低了4.4%,并且对于土壤抬升效果更加明显;对犁体的前进速度、铧刃角和安装角进行单因素分析,在安装角为25°时犁体阻力最小,随着前进速度和铧刃角增加,犁体阻力也随之增大,故在合适的范围内应选取较低的前进速度和铧刃角以降低犁体阻力。

关键词: 铧式犁, 犁体阻力, 土壤扰动, 导曲线, 离散元

Abstract:

To reduce the resistance of the plough body and improve the efficiency of farming, based on EDEM, the study was carried out on the basis of the parabolic curved plough body. The plough body cultivation process was simulated and analyzed, and the disturbance behavior of the soil particles was observed. The influence of the blade angle, the installation angle and the working speed on the plough body’s tillage resistance was analyzed, and the ideal plough body parameters were obtained. The results showed that compared with the parabolic surface, the resistance of the elliptical surface was 1 591.551 N in the relatively stable stage, reduced by 4.4% compared with the parabolic surface, and had a better effect on soil uplift. Single factor analysis was carried out on the forward speed, blade angle and installation angle of the plough body. When the installation angle was 25°, the resistance of the plough body was the smallest. As the blade angle increased, the resistance of the plough body also increased. Therefore, a lower forward speed and blade angle should be selected within a suitable range to reduce the resistance of the plough body.

Key words: moldboard plough, plough resistance, soil disturbance, directrix, discrete element

中图分类号:

S222.121

刘明勇, 胡成龙, 谢柏林. 基于离散元法的铧式犁仿真优化分析及试验[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(11): 2542-2552.

LIU Mingyong, HU Chenglong, XIE Bolin. Simulation and optimization analysis and experiment of split plough based on discrete element method[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(11): 2542-2552.

图/表 21

图1 水平直元线法原理图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of horizontal straight line method

表1 导曲线方程

Table 1 Equation of guide curve

类型 Type	方程 Equation
圆弧 Arc	$x = - 248.46 + 252.26 · c o s θ y = 436.81 + 252.26 · s i n θ$
摆线 Cycloid	$x (t) = 265.5 · (1 - s i n t) y (t) = 298 · (1 - c o s t)$ 0≤t≤1.46
椭圆 Oval	$x = 201.34 · c o s θ y = 62.19 · s i n θ$

表1 导曲线方程

Table 1 Equation of guide curve

类型 Type	方程 Equation
圆弧 Arc	$x = - 248.46 + 252.26 · c o s θ y = 436.81 + 252.26 · s i n θ$
摆线 Cycloid	$x (t) = 265.5 · (1 - s i n t) y (t) = 298 · (1 - c o s t)$ 0≤t≤1.46
椭圆 Oval	$x = 201.34 · c o s θ y = 62.19 · s i n θ$

图2 导曲线图形

Fig.2 Lead curve graph

表2 犁体参数表

Table 2 Plough body parameter table

参数 Parameter	单位 Unit	数值 Value
耕宽 Farming width	mm	285
胫刃线高 Shin line height	mm	300
顶边线最大高度	mm	367
Maximum height of top edge
翼边线夹角 Wing edge angle	°	35
导曲线直线段长	mm	105
Length of straight line of guide curve
安装角 Installation angle	°	30
切线夹角 Tangent angle	°	115

表3 直元线面元线角度

Table 3 Straight element line and surface element line angle

直元线高度 Straight element line height/mm	元线角 Element line angle/(°)
0	46.0
50	46.5
75	47.8
125	51.2
175	52.3
225	55.8
275	57.0
325	61.5
360	46.5

图3 犁体三维模型图 a,三维模型;b,正视图A 犁体幅宽;h,胫刃线高;H,顶边线最大高度;θ,翼边线夹角。

Fig.3 3D model diagram of plough body a, Three-dimensional model; b, Front view of plough body A tillage width; h, Shin edge line height; H, Top edge line maximum height; θ, Wing edge line included angle.

图4 颗粒模型

Fig.4 Particle model

图5 实验测试仪器 a,SL-TSD型土壤测试仪;b,ZJ型无极调速应变控制式直剪仪。

Fig.5 Experimental test instrument a, SL-TSD soil tester; b, ZJ type stepless speed regulation strain control direct shear instrument.

图6 抗剪强度与垂直载荷关系图 a,剪应力与剪切位移变化曲线;b,拟合曲线。

Fig.6 Diagram of shear strength and vertical load a, Shear stress and shear displacement change curve; b, Fitting curve.

表4 仿真参数

Table 4 The simulation parameters

项目 Item	数值 Value
犁体密度 Density of plough/(kg·m^-3)	7 865
犁体剪切模量 Shear modulus of plough/Pa	7×10⁷
犁体泊松比 Poisson’s ratio of plough	0.3
土壤颗粒密度Density of soil particles/(kg·m^-3)	2 680
土壤剪切模量Shear modulus of soil/Pa	2.5×10⁷
土壤泊松比 Poisson’s ratio of soil	0.33
土壤颗粒半径Radius of soil particle/mm	3-5
土壤-土壤静摩擦因数	0.5
Coefficient of friction of soil-soil
土壤-犁静摩擦因数Coefficient of friction of soil-plough	0.3
土壤-土壤动摩擦因数	0.05
Coefficient of rolling friction of soil-soil
土壤-犁动摩擦因数	0.25
Coefficient of rolling friction of soil-plough
土壤-土壤恢复系数	0.6
Coefficient of restitution of soil-soil
土壤-犁恢复系数	0.2
Coefficient of restitution of soil-plough
耕深 Farming depth/mm	225
耕宽 Farming width/mm	285

图7 EDEM仿真模型

Fig.7 EDEM simulation model

图8 犁体运动过程 a,纵向分布;b,横向分布。

Fig.8 Plough body movement process a, Vertical distribution; b, Horizontal distribution.

图9 不同类型犁体土壤扰动图 a,抛物线曲面纵向土壤扰动;b,椭圆曲面纵向土壤扰动;c,抛物线曲面横向土壤扰动;d,椭圆曲面横向土壤扰动;a中标注为高于表层的颗粒数;b中标注为抬升高度。

Fig.9 Soil disturbance maps of different types of plough bodies a, Parabolic curved surface longitudinal soil disturbance; b, Elliptical curved surface longitudinal soil disturbance; c, Parabolic curved surface lateral soil disturbance; d, Elliptical curved surface lateral soil disturbance; The number of particles above the surface was marked in Fig. a; The height of uplift is marked in Fig.b.

图10 不同类型犁体土壤运动状态 a,抛物线曲面土壤颗粒速度大小分布状态;b,抛物线曲面土壤颗粒速度方向分布状态;c,椭圆曲面土壤颗粒速度大小分布状态;d,椭圆曲面土壤颗粒速度方向分布状态。

Fig.10 Soil movement state of different types of plough bodies a, Parabolic surface soil particle velocity distribution status; b, Parabolic surface soil particle velocity direction distribution status; c, Elliptical surface soil particle velocity distribution status; d, Elliptical surface soil particle velocity direction distribution status.

图11 犁体阻力图

Fig.11 Plough resistance diagram

图12 速度与阻力关系

Fig.12 Velocity and drag relationship

图13 安装角与阻力关系

Fig.13 Relationship between installation Angle and resistance

图14 铧刃角与阻力关系

Fig.14 Relationship between blade angle and resistance

图15 犁体模型 a,抛物线曲面模型;b,椭圆曲面模型。

Fig.15 The plough body model a, Parabolic surface model; b, Elliptical surface model.

图16 实验设备 a,实验原理图;b,实验现场图。

Fig.16 Laboratory equipment a, Experimental schematic diagram; b, Experimental site diagram.

图17 仿真与实验比较图

Fig.17 Comparison diagram of simulation and experiment

参考文献 17

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基于离散元法的铧式犁仿真优化分析及试验

Simulation and optimization analysis and experiment of split plough based on discrete element method

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