浙江省主要粮食作物秸秆还田替代化肥的潜力

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221488

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (8): 1853-1863.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221488

浙江省主要粮食作物秸秆还田替代化肥的潜力

汪洁(), 陆若辉, 朱伟锋, 陈钰佩, 单英杰^*()

浙江省耕地质量与肥料管理总站,浙江杭州 310020

收稿日期:2022-10-25 出版日期:2023-08-25 发布日期:2023-08-29
作者简介:汪洁(1990—),女,浙江宁波人,硕士,农艺师,研究方向为耕地质量提升与肥水技术推广。E-mail:365597290@qq.com
通讯作者: *单英杰,E-mail: syjhz@126.com

Potential of straw returning as substitute for chemical fertilizer of main grain crops in Zhejiang Province, China

WANG Jie(), LU Ruohui, ZHU Weifeng, CHEN Yupei, SHAN Yingjie^*()

Zhejiang Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Management Station, Hangzhou 310020, China

Received:2022-10-25 Online:2023-08-25 Published:2023-08-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

秸秆是农业生产中重要的有机资源,充分利用秸秆还田是实现化肥减量的有效措施之一。基于2018—2020年浙江省农业统计资料,联合水稻、小麦和玉米3大主粮作物和氮、磷、钾3种主要养分,采用草谷比测算浙江省各设区市3大主粮作物的秸秆养分资源量,及其还田当季替代化肥的潜力。结果表明:浙江省水稻、小麦、玉米秸秆的年产量分别为593.2万、51.5万、52.9万t,年均养分资源量分别为2 015.6、110.1、123.2 t,以钾素养分资源量(1 487.0 t)最高,其次为氮素(561.3 t)和磷素(200.5 t)。水稻和小麦秸秆的养分资源量以嘉兴最高,玉米秸秆的养分资源量以杭州最多,3大主粮作物秸秆的总养分资源量以嘉兴(365.2 t)最多。在3大主粮作物中,氮素替代潜力以玉米最高,磷、钾素替代潜力均以水稻最高,总的养分替代潜力以水稻最大。分地区看,水稻秸秆的养分替代潜力以嘉兴、湖州最高,小麦秸秆的养分替代潜力以宁波、湖州最高,玉米秸秆的养分替代潜力以湖州、嘉兴最高。浙江省3大主粮作物的秸秆养分资源量较大,合理利用秸秆养分资源是实现化肥减量的重要途径,今后可针对不同潜力地区因地制宜深入研究不同的秸秆还田替代化肥技术模式以进一步优化效果。

关键词: 浙江省, 粮食作物, 秸秆还田, 化肥替代

Abstract:

Straw is important resource in agricultural production. Reasonable straw returning has become one of the most effective measures to achieve fertilizer reduction. Based on the agricultural statistical data of Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2020, three main grain crops (rice, wheat and maize) and three nutrient elements (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) were combined to explore the nutrients resources of main grain crop straws and their potential in replacing chemical fertilizers in Zhejiang Province by the method of grass-grain ratio calculation. The results demonstrated that the average annual yields of rice, wheat and maize straw in Zhejiang Province were 5.932×10⁶, 5.15×10⁵, 5.29×10⁵ t, respectively, and the average annual nutrients resources were 2 015.6, 110.1, 123.2 t, respectively. The amount of potassium (1 487.0 t) was the highest, which was followed by nitrogen (561.3 t) and phosphorus (200.5 t). The highest nutrients resource amount for rice and wheat straw was recorded in Jiaxing, while the highest nutrients resouce amount for maize straw was found in Hangzhou. The total nutrients resouce of straw in 3 main grain crops was the highest in Jiaxing (365.2 t). Among the three main grain crops, maize exhibited the highest nitrogen substitution potential, while rice showed the highest phosphorus and potassium substitution potential, which turned out to be the highest total substitution potential. The nutrients substitution potential of rice straw in Jiaxing and Huzhou was relatively higher, the nutrients substitution potential of wheat straw in Ningbo and Huzhou was relatively higher, and the nutrients substitution potential of maize straw in Huzhou and Jiaxing was relatively higher. In general, the nutrients resources of main grain crop straws in Zhejiang Province are abundant. The rational utilization of straw nutrient resources is an important way to realize chemical fertilizer reduction. To achieve the optimal effect, diverse straw returning technical modes should be investigated to local conditions coupled with chemical fertilizer reduction.

Key words: Zhejiang Province, grain crops, straw returning, fertilizer substitution

中图分类号:

S141.4

汪洁, 陆若辉, 朱伟锋, 陈钰佩, 单英杰. 浙江省主要粮食作物秸秆还田替代化肥的潜力[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(8): 1853-1863.

WANG Jie, LU Ruohui, ZHU Weifeng, CHEN Yupei, SHAN Yingjie. Potential of straw returning as substitute for chemical fertilizer of main grain crops in Zhejiang Province, China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(8): 1853-1863.

图/表 6

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作物 Crop	秸秆养分含量Nutrients contents in straw/%			秸秆养分当季释放率Seasonal nutrients release rate from straw/%
作物 Crop	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
水稻Rice	0.82	0.13	1.9	47.19	66.69	84.91
小麦Wheat	0.54	0.09	1.16	50.11	62.01	89.05
玉米Maize	0.89	0.11	0.99	54.04	73.03	84.43

作物 Crop	秸秆养分含量Nutrients contents in straw/%			秸秆养分当季释放率Seasonal nutrients release rate from straw/%
作物 Crop	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
水稻Rice	0.82	0.13	1.9	47.19	66.69	84.91
小麦Wheat	0.54	0.09	1.16	50.11	62.01	89.05
玉米Maize	0.89	0.11	0.99	54.04	73.03	84.43

地区 District	水稻Rice				小麦Wheat				玉米Maize				合计Total
地区 District	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	小计 Subtotal	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	小计 Subtotal	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	小计 Subtotal	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	总量 Total
HZ	16.2 ±0.3	8.3 ±0.1	81.0 ±1.4	105.6 ±1.9	1.5 ±0.1	0.7 ±0.1	6.9 ±0.6	9.2 ±0.3	5.3 ±0.5	2.0 ±0.2	11.0 ±1.2	18.3 ±1.7	23.3 ±0.4	11.0 ±0.2	99.0 ±1.2	133.1 ±1.8
NB	26.2 ±0.4	13.4 ±0.2	130.9 ±2.0	170.5 ±2.7	1.5 ±0.4	0.7 ±0.2	6.9 ±1.7	9.1 ±0.8	1.8 ±0.2	0.7 ±0.1	3.7 ±0.5	6.2 ±0.9	29.5 ±1.0	14.8 ±0.5	141.5 ±4.3	185.8 ±5.8
WZ	27.1 ±1.4	13.9 ±0.7	135.7 ±7.2	176.8 ±9.3	0.1 ±0.1	—	0.5 ±0.2	0.6 ±0.1	1.7 ±0.9	0.7 ±0.4	3.6 ±2.0	6.0 ±3.3	29.0 ±0.5	14.60 ±0.4	139.8 ±5.3	183.4 ±6.2
JX	34.6 ±1.2	17.8 ±0.6	173.2 ±6.1	225.6 ±7.9	7.0 ±0.9	3.3 ±0.4	31.9 ±4.1	42.1 ±1.8	1.3 ±0.3	1.5 ±0.1	2.7 ±0.5	4.5 ±0.9	42.9 ±0.9	21.5 ±0.4	207.8 ±4.3	272.2 ±5.6
HUZ	20.1 ±0.5	10.3 ±0.3	100.8 ±2.7	131.2 ±3.5	2.0 ±0.3	1.0 ±0.1	9.3 ±1.2	12.2 ±0.5	1.3 ±0.3	0.5 ±0.1	2.8 ±0.7	4.6 ±1.2	23.5 ±0.3	11.8 ±0.2	112.8 ±2.3	148.1 ±2.8
SX	31.5 ±0.2	16.1 ±0.1	157.4 ±1.0	205.1 ±1.4	1.1 ±0.1	0.5 ±0.1	5.2 ±0.4	6.9 ±0.2	2.7 ±0.5	1.0 ±0.2	5.6 ±1.1	9.2 ±1.8	35.3 ±0.4	17.7 ±0.1	168.2 ±0.3	221.2 ±0.8
JH	16.7 ±0.6	8.6 ±0.3	83.4 ±2.8	108.6 ±3.6	0.1 ±0.1	0.1 ±0.1	0.6 ±0.2	0.8 ±0.1	3.3 ±0.6	1.2 ±0.2	6.8 ±1.3	11.3 ±2.1	20.1 ±0.1	9.9 ±0.1	90.8 ±1.7	120.7 ±1.8
QZ	23.0 ±1.6	11.8 ±0.8	114.9 ±7.9	149.7 ±10.2	—	—	0.2 ±0.1	0.2 ±0.1	3.1 ±1.1	1.2 ±0.4	6.4 ±2.4	10.6 ±4.0	26.1 ±0.5	13.0 ±0.4	121.5 ±5.6	160.5 ±6.5
ZS	0.8 ±0.1	0.4 ±0.1	3.8 ±0.4	5.0 ±0.6	—	—	0.1 ±0.0	0.1 ±0.1	0.2 ±0.1	0.1 ±0.1	0.5 ±0.1	0.9 ±0.1	1.0 ±0.1	0.5 ±0.1	4.4 ±0.5	5.9 ±0.6
TZ	21.4 ±0.3	11.0 ±0.2	107.1 ±1.8	139.5 ±2.3	0.4 ±0.1	0.2 ±0.1	1.9 ±0.2	2.5 ±0.1	1.2 ±0.2	0.4 ±0.1	2.4 ±0.3	4.0 ±0.6	23.0 ±0.2	11.60 ±0.1	111.4 ±1.6	146.0 ±2.0
LS	12.0 ±0.8	6.2 ±0.4	60.1 ±4.0	78.3 ±5.2	0.1 ±0.1	—	0.1 ±0.1	0.5 ±0.1	3.6 ±1.3	1.4 ±0.5	7.6 ±2.8	12.6 ±4.6	15.7 ±0.6	7.60 ±0.2	68.1 ±1.9	91.4 ±2.7
ZJ	229.6 ±3.4	117.8 ±1.7	1148.5 ±16.9	1495.8 ±22.0	13.9 ±1.7	6.6 ±0.8	63.8 ±7.6	84.4 ±3.3	25.4 ±4.6	9.7 ±1.7	53.0 ±9.5	88.2 ±15.8	268.9 ±1.9	134.1 ±1.1	1265.3 ±15.4	1668.3 ±18.5

地区 District	水稻Rice				小麦Wheat				玉米Maize				合计Total
地区 District	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	小计 Subtotal	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	小计 Subtotal	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	小计 Subtotal	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	总量 Total
HZ	16.2 ±0.3	8.3 ±0.1	81.0 ±1.4	105.6 ±1.9	1.5 ±0.1	0.7 ±0.1	6.9 ±0.6	9.2 ±0.3	5.3 ±0.5	2.0 ±0.2	11.0 ±1.2	18.3 ±1.7	23.3 ±0.4	11.0 ±0.2	99.0 ±1.2	133.1 ±1.8
NB	26.2 ±0.4	13.4 ±0.2	130.9 ±2.0	170.5 ±2.7	1.5 ±0.4	0.7 ±0.2	6.9 ±1.7	9.1 ±0.8	1.8 ±0.2	0.7 ±0.1	3.7 ±0.5	6.2 ±0.9	29.5 ±1.0	14.8 ±0.5	141.5 ±4.3	185.8 ±5.8
WZ	27.1 ±1.4	13.9 ±0.7	135.7 ±7.2	176.8 ±9.3	0.1 ±0.1	—	0.5 ±0.2	0.6 ±0.1	1.7 ±0.9	0.7 ±0.4	3.6 ±2.0	6.0 ±3.3	29.0 ±0.5	14.60 ±0.4	139.8 ±5.3	183.4 ±6.2
JX	34.6 ±1.2	17.8 ±0.6	173.2 ±6.1	225.6 ±7.9	7.0 ±0.9	3.3 ±0.4	31.9 ±4.1	42.1 ±1.8	1.3 ±0.3	1.5 ±0.1	2.7 ±0.5	4.5 ±0.9	42.9 ±0.9	21.5 ±0.4	207.8 ±4.3	272.2 ±5.6
HUZ	20.1 ±0.5	10.3 ±0.3	100.8 ±2.7	131.2 ±3.5	2.0 ±0.3	1.0 ±0.1	9.3 ±1.2	12.2 ±0.5	1.3 ±0.3	0.5 ±0.1	2.8 ±0.7	4.6 ±1.2	23.5 ±0.3	11.8 ±0.2	112.8 ±2.3	148.1 ±2.8
SX	31.5 ±0.2	16.1 ±0.1	157.4 ±1.0	205.1 ±1.4	1.1 ±0.1	0.5 ±0.1	5.2 ±0.4	6.9 ±0.2	2.7 ±0.5	1.0 ±0.2	5.6 ±1.1	9.2 ±1.8	35.3 ±0.4	17.7 ±0.1	168.2 ±0.3	221.2 ±0.8
JH	16.7 ±0.6	8.6 ±0.3	83.4 ±2.8	108.6 ±3.6	0.1 ±0.1	0.1 ±0.1	0.6 ±0.2	0.8 ±0.1	3.3 ±0.6	1.2 ±0.2	6.8 ±1.3	11.3 ±2.1	20.1 ±0.1	9.9 ±0.1	90.8 ±1.7	120.7 ±1.8
QZ	23.0 ±1.6	11.8 ±0.8	114.9 ±7.9	149.7 ±10.2	—	—	0.2 ±0.1	0.2 ±0.1	3.1 ±1.1	1.2 ±0.4	6.4 ±2.4	10.6 ±4.0	26.1 ±0.5	13.0 ±0.4	121.5 ±5.6	160.5 ±6.5
ZS	0.8 ±0.1	0.4 ±0.1	3.8 ±0.4	5.0 ±0.6	—	—	0.1 ±0.0	0.1 ±0.1	0.2 ±0.1	0.1 ±0.1	0.5 ±0.1	0.9 ±0.1	1.0 ±0.1	0.5 ±0.1	4.4 ±0.5	5.9 ±0.6
TZ	21.4 ±0.3	11.0 ±0.2	107.1 ±1.8	139.5 ±2.3	0.4 ±0.1	0.2 ±0.1	1.9 ±0.2	2.5 ±0.1	1.2 ±0.2	0.4 ±0.1	2.4 ±0.3	4.0 ±0.6	23.0 ±0.2	11.60 ±0.1	111.4 ±1.6	146.0 ±2.0
LS	12.0 ±0.8	6.2 ±0.4	60.1 ±4.0	78.3 ±5.2	0.1 ±0.1	—	0.1 ±0.1	0.5 ±0.1	3.6 ±1.3	1.4 ±0.5	7.6 ±2.8	12.6 ±4.6	15.7 ±0.6	7.60 ±0.2	68.1 ±1.9	91.4 ±2.7
ZJ	229.6 ±3.4	117.8 ±1.7	1148.5 ±16.9	1495.8 ±22.0	13.9 ±1.7	6.6 ±0.8	63.8 ±7.6	84.4 ±3.3	25.4 ±4.6	9.7 ±1.7	53.0 ±9.5	88.2 ±15.8	268.9 ±1.9	134.1 ±1.1	1265.3 ±15.4	1668.3 ±18.5

地区 District	水稻 Rice	小麦 Wheat	玉米 Maize
HZ	236.7±10.0	91.8±8.5	147.0±3.6
NB	236.2±2.7	99.3±7.6	133.5±6.7
WZ	217.4±2.6	73.6±10.5	133.9±11.2
JX	260.2±11.2	93.9±6.0	159.5±9.9
HUZ	253.0±3.4	99.0±7.1	161.8±13.6
SX	240.3±1.9	94.2±0.9	150.2±3.7
JH	224.4±2.3	82.5±4.3	155.3±4.3
QZ	234.3±4.2	66.6±5.7	152.0±9.1
ZS	229.8±23.1	84.7±7.5	156.7±13.7
TZ	230.9±5.3	83.0±4.7	148.4±8.8
LS	226.2±11.1	73.2±4.8	126.0±10.0
平均Average	236.8±1.2	93.9±5.2	144.8±5.2

浙江省主要粮食作物秸秆还田替代化肥的潜力

Potential of straw returning as substitute for chemical fertilizer of main grain crops in Zhejiang Province, China

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