间作景观树种对茶园生态系统与茶叶生产的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.03.05

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (3): 523-533.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.03.05

间作景观树种对茶园生态系统与茶叶生产的影响

王金凤¹(), 周琦¹, 吕玉龙², 陈卓梅¹

1.浙江省林业科学研究院,浙江杭州 310023
2.安吉县林业局,浙江安吉 313300

收稿日期:2022-04-24 出版日期:2023-03-25 发布日期:2023-04-07
作者简介:王金凤(1981—),女,山东威海人,博士,副研究员,主要从事遗传育种、农林作物培育相关研究。E-mail:1916330545@qq.com
基金资助:
浙江省省院合作林业科技项目(2020SY10)

Effects of intercropping tea with landscape trees on ecosystem of tea garden and tea production

WANG Jinfeng¹(), ZHOU Qi¹, LYU Yulong², CHEN Zhuomei¹

1. Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
2. Anji Forestry Bureau, Anji 313300, Zhejiang, China

Received:2022-04-24 Online:2023-03-25 Published:2023-04-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为寻求适宜的茶-景观树种间作模式,以玉兰[Yulania denudata (Desr.) D.L.Fu]、无患子(Sapindus saponaria L.)、山樱花[Prunus campanulata (Maxim.) Yü et Li]3种高大落叶景观乔木树种与茶树[Camellia sinensis(L.) O. Ktze.]间作的模式作为研究对象,并以单作茶园(不间作)作为对照,通过测定茶园小气候变化、土壤理化性质、茶叶产量和生化成分,对3个景观树种与茶树复合经营模式进行全面的科学评估与研究。结果表明:3种景观树种均对间作茶园的小气候产生了有利影响,有效降低了夏季茶园温度,提高了茶园湿度,尤以间作玉兰和无患子的效果显著。3种间作模式均能改善间作茶园土壤的理化性质,以间作山樱花最佳,可以显著提升有机质、全氮和全磷等含量,并显著增加脲酶、蔗糖酶活性,全面改善土壤养分,间作玉兰和无患子可以促进茶树对土壤中钾、磷元素的吸收转化,从而提高茶叶的产量与品质。3种间作模式均不同程度提高间作茶园茶叶产量,在促进茶树生长的同时,也有利于氨基酸等物质的积累,形成适宜的酚氨比,提升茶叶品质,特别是间作无患子可以显著促进茶园增产提质,其茶青产量比对照提高51.81%。综上,玉兰、无患子、山樱花3种景观树种均适宜与茶树进行间作。

关键词: 景观树种, 间作, 生态系统, 茶叶产量, 茶叶品质

Abstract:

In order to find a suitable intercropping mode for landscape trees and tea, three intercropping modes of landscape trees-tea, including Camellia sinensis(L.) O. Ktze.-Yulania denudata (Desr.) D.L.Fu, C. sinensis-Sapindus saponaria L. and C. sinensis-Prunus campanulata (Maxim.) Yü et Li were comprehensively studied and evaluated by measuring the microclimate, soil physical and chemical properties, and tea yield and quality. Tea monoculture was also studied as a control. The results showed that all the three intercropping modes were beneficial to the microclimate of the tea garden by reducing temperature and increasing humidity of tea garden, especially for the C. sinensis-Y. denudata mode and C. sinensis-S. saponaria mode. All three intercropping systems could improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil in the tea garden. In particular, for the tea garden soil intercropped with P. campanulata, the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and the enzyme activities of urease and sucrase were significantly improved, which meant that the soil nutrients were comprehensively enhanced. While Y. denudata and S. saponaria intercropping with tea would promote the uptake of available potassium and phosphorus by tea trees, which would be beneficial for tea yield and quality. In addition, all three types of intercropping could improve tea yield and quality to some extent. At the time of promoting the growth of tea trees, the three intercropping modes were also beneficial to the accumulation of amino acids and other substances, and a suitable phenol-ammonia ratio was formed, which meant the tea quality was improved. Especially for the tea trees intercropped with S. saponaria, tea quality was significantly improved and tea yield was 51.81% higher than that of the monoculture tea garden. In conclusion, M. denudata, S. mukorossi and C. campanulata were all suitable landscape trees which could be intercropped with tea trees.

Key words: landscape trees, intercropping, ecosystem, tea yield, tea quality

中图分类号:

S571.1

王金凤, 周琦, 吕玉龙, 陈卓梅. 间作景观树种对茶园生态系统与茶叶生产的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(3): 523-533.

WANG Jinfeng, ZHOU Qi, LYU Yulong, CHEN Zhuomei. Effects of intercropping tea with landscape trees on ecosystem of tea garden and tea production[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(3): 523-533.

图/表 7

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茶叶品种 Tea cultivar	试验地点 Location	时间 Time	处理 Treatment	间作模式 Intercropping mode	间作树种冠幅 Crown breadth of intercropping trees/m
开化龙顶 Kaihua longding tea	浙江省开化县十里铺茶厂 Shilipu Tea Company, Kaihua County, Zhejiang Province	2020-03-27、 2020-07-31	YL	茶-玉兰 C. sinensis-Y. denudata	3.0~3.4
			WHZ	茶-无患子 C. sinensis-S. saponaria	6.0~6.5
			CK-L	单作对照 Tea monoculture
白茶 White tea	浙江省宁波市海曙区金陆茶厂 Jinlu Tea Company, Haishu District, Ninbo City, Zhejiang Province	2020-04-28、 2020-08-18	SYH	茶-山樱花 C. sinensis-P. campanulata	4.0~4.5
			CK-B	单作对照 Tea monoculture

茶叶品种 Tea cultivar	试验地点 Location	时间 Time	处理 Treatment	间作模式 Intercropping mode	间作树种冠幅 Crown breadth of intercropping trees/m
开化龙顶 Kaihua longding tea	浙江省开化县十里铺茶厂 Shilipu Tea Company, Kaihua County, Zhejiang Province	2020-03-27、 2020-07-31	YL	茶-玉兰 C. sinensis-Y. denudata	3.0~3.4
			WHZ	茶-无患子 C. sinensis-S. saponaria	6.0~6.5
			CK-L	单作对照 Tea monoculture
白茶 White tea	浙江省宁波市海曙区金陆茶厂 Jinlu Tea Company, Haishu District, Ninbo City, Zhejiang Province	2020-04-28、 2020-08-18	SYH	茶-山樱花 C. sinensis-P. campanulata	4.0~4.5
			CK-B	单作对照 Tea monoculture

处理 Treatment	土层深度 SL/cm	pH	有机质 OM/(g· kg^-1)	有效氮 AN/(mg· kg^-1)	全氮 TN/%	有效钾 APo/(mg· kg^-1)	全钾 TPo/(g· kg^-1)	有效磷 APh/(mg· kg^-1)	全磷 TPh/(g· kg^-1)
YL	0~20	3.98 ±0.25 ab	27.50 ±14.82 a	96.00 ±27.75 a	0.21 ±0.07 a	112.33 ±19.55 ab	21.11 ±1.25 ab	31.81 ±24.45 a	0.80 ±0.28 a
	20~40	3.91 ±0.16 b	23.56 ±16.95 a	77.12 ±21.05 a	0.20 ±0.08 a	90.67 ±9.71 ab	21.22 ±1.55 ab	9.40 ±4.31 a	0.60 ±0.40 a
	平均 Average	3.95 ±0.21 a	25.53 ±13.49 a	86.57 ±22.74 a	0.21 ±0.06 a	101.50 ±7.81 a	21.17 ±0.96 a	20.61 ±14.33 a	0.70 ±0.33 a
WHZ	0~20	4.09 ±0.17 ab	38.69 ±23.04 a	114.09 ±56.14 a	0.29 ±0.09 a	71.00 ±20.52 ab	23.83 ±3.51 ab	14.40 ±13.80 a	0.69 ±0.17 a
	20~40	4.08 ±0.19 ab	32.83 ±20.62 a	106.37 ±62.75 a	0.27 ±0.08 a	67.00 ±23.07 b	24.50 ±2.45 a	11.27 ±5.92 a	0.57 ±0.18 a
	平均 Average	4.08 ±0.16 a	35.76 ±21.22 a	110.23 ±59.39 a	0.28 ±0.08 a	69.00 ±21.47 a	24.17 ±2.86 a	12.84 ±8.39 a	0.63 ±0.10 a
CK-L	0~20	4.18 ±0.21 ab	33.21 ±14.57 a	118.61 ±26.05 a	0.20 ±0.08 a	135.33 ±55.19 a	18.17 ±1.86 b	59.44 ±56.50 a	0.71 ±0.20 a
	20~40	4.34 ±0.29 a	29.35 ±19.91 a	85.63 ±19.78 a	0.25 ±0.07 a	124.00 ±63.02 ab	21.84 ±3.69 ab	26.15 ±35.07 a	0.62 ±0.33 a
	平均 Average	4.27 ±0.25 a	31.28 ±14.09 a	102.12 ±21.47 a	0.23 ±0.06 a	129.67 ±58.75 a	20.00 ±2.53 a	42.80 ±44.96 a	0.67 ±0.22 a
SYH	0~20	4.08 ±0.08 a	43.72 ±17.76 a	139.35 ±59.11 a	0.22 ±0.08 a	229.00 ±10.58 a	15.84 ±1.26 a	132.29 ±52.20 a	1.01 ±0.24 a
	20~40	4.14 ±0.06 a	39.01 ±5.67 a	108.23 ±7.24 a	0.18 ±0.03 ab	217.67 ±37.54 a	16.11 ±1.86 a	127.18 ±59.64 a	1.01 ±0.18 a
	平均 Average	4.11 ±0.03 a	41.36 ±6.39 a	123.79 ±31.39 a	0.20 ±0.03 a	223.33 ±24.01 a	15.98 ±1.08 a	129.74 ±54.98 a	1.01 ±0.21 a
CK-B	0~20	4.05 ±0.06 a	32.47 ±6.93 a	114.62 ±31.76 a	0.17 ±0.04 ab	255.33 ±28.54 a	14.89 ±0.26 a	59.58 ±11.32 a	0.65 ±0.16 b
	20~40	4.12 ±0.02 a	24.08 ±6.49 a	86.69 ±12.18 a	0.13 ±0.03 b	224.67 ±13.87 a	15.61 ±1.21 a	52.62 ±28.22 a	0.57 ±0.04 b
	平均 Average	4.09 ±0.03 a	28.28 ±3.91 b	100.66 ±16.56 a	0.15 ±0.01 b	240.00 ±20.48 a	15.25 ±0.72 a	56.10 ±12.09a	0.61 ±0.10 b

处理 Treatment	土层深度 SL/cm	pH	有机质 OM/(g· kg^-1)	有效氮 AN/(mg· kg^-1)	全氮 TN/%	有效钾 APo/(mg· kg^-1)	全钾 TPo/(g· kg^-1)	有效磷 APh/(mg· kg^-1)	全磷 TPh/(g· kg^-1)
YL	0~20	3.98 ±0.25 ab	27.50 ±14.82 a	96.00 ±27.75 a	0.21 ±0.07 a	112.33 ±19.55 ab	21.11 ±1.25 ab	31.81 ±24.45 a	0.80 ±0.28 a
	20~40	3.91 ±0.16 b	23.56 ±16.95 a	77.12 ±21.05 a	0.20 ±0.08 a	90.67 ±9.71 ab	21.22 ±1.55 ab	9.40 ±4.31 a	0.60 ±0.40 a
	平均 Average	3.95 ±0.21 a	25.53 ±13.49 a	86.57 ±22.74 a	0.21 ±0.06 a	101.50 ±7.81 a	21.17 ±0.96 a	20.61 ±14.33 a	0.70 ±0.33 a
WHZ	0~20	4.09 ±0.17 ab	38.69 ±23.04 a	114.09 ±56.14 a	0.29 ±0.09 a	71.00 ±20.52 ab	23.83 ±3.51 ab	14.40 ±13.80 a	0.69 ±0.17 a
	20~40	4.08 ±0.19 ab	32.83 ±20.62 a	106.37 ±62.75 a	0.27 ±0.08 a	67.00 ±23.07 b	24.50 ±2.45 a	11.27 ±5.92 a	0.57 ±0.18 a
	平均 Average	4.08 ±0.16 a	35.76 ±21.22 a	110.23 ±59.39 a	0.28 ±0.08 a	69.00 ±21.47 a	24.17 ±2.86 a	12.84 ±8.39 a	0.63 ±0.10 a
CK-L	0~20	4.18 ±0.21 ab	33.21 ±14.57 a	118.61 ±26.05 a	0.20 ±0.08 a	135.33 ±55.19 a	18.17 ±1.86 b	59.44 ±56.50 a	0.71 ±0.20 a
	20~40	4.34 ±0.29 a	29.35 ±19.91 a	85.63 ±19.78 a	0.25 ±0.07 a	124.00 ±63.02 ab	21.84 ±3.69 ab	26.15 ±35.07 a	0.62 ±0.33 a
	平均 Average	4.27 ±0.25 a	31.28 ±14.09 a	102.12 ±21.47 a	0.23 ±0.06 a	129.67 ±58.75 a	20.00 ±2.53 a	42.80 ±44.96 a	0.67 ±0.22 a
SYH	0~20	4.08 ±0.08 a	43.72 ±17.76 a	139.35 ±59.11 a	0.22 ±0.08 a	229.00 ±10.58 a	15.84 ±1.26 a	132.29 ±52.20 a	1.01 ±0.24 a
	20~40	4.14 ±0.06 a	39.01 ±5.67 a	108.23 ±7.24 a	0.18 ±0.03 ab	217.67 ±37.54 a	16.11 ±1.86 a	127.18 ±59.64 a	1.01 ±0.18 a
	平均 Average	4.11 ±0.03 a	41.36 ±6.39 a	123.79 ±31.39 a	0.20 ±0.03 a	223.33 ±24.01 a	15.98 ±1.08 a	129.74 ±54.98 a	1.01 ±0.21 a
CK-B	0~20	4.05 ±0.06 a	32.47 ±6.93 a	114.62 ±31.76 a	0.17 ±0.04 ab	255.33 ±28.54 a	14.89 ±0.26 a	59.58 ±11.32 a	0.65 ±0.16 b
	20~40	4.12 ±0.02 a	24.08 ±6.49 a	86.69 ±12.18 a	0.13 ±0.03 b	224.67 ±13.87 a	15.61 ±1.21 a	52.62 ±28.22 a	0.57 ±0.04 b
	平均 Average	4.09 ±0.03 a	28.28 ±3.91 b	100.66 ±16.56 a	0.15 ±0.01 b	240.00 ±20.48 a	15.25 ±0.72 a	56.10 ±12.09a	0.61 ±0.10 b

处理 Treatment	土层深度 Soil layer/cm	脲酶 Urease/(U· g^-1)	过氧化氢酶 Catalase/ (U·g^-1)	多酚氧化酶 Polyphenol oxidase/ (U·g^-1)	蛋白酶 Protease/ (U·g^-1)	蔗糖酶 Sucrase/ (U·g^-1)	脱氢酶 Dehydrogenase/ (U·g^-1)
YL	0~20	146.54±38.40 ab	180.86±19.16 a	48.16±4.88 a	7.33±1.51 a	141.13±17.73 a	16.29±2.61 a
	20~40	112.33±37.06 b	170.58±29.26 a	44.97±13.08 a	6.76±1.78 a	119.68±21.90 a	13.69±1.69 a
	平均Mean	129.44±14.48 a	175.72±19.94 a	46.56±6.97 a	7.05±1.51 a	130.41±9.62 a	14.99±1.97 a
WHZ	0~20	156.22±26.54 ab	175.74±24.25 a	53.98±3.08 a	7.15±1.05 a	128.07±27.95 a	15.79±3.38 a
	20~40	142.16±35.37 ab	153.35±14.30 a	47.73±1.63 a	6.19±0.39 a	114.87±10.86 a	16.73±2.73 a
	平均Mean	149.19±26.46 a	164.55±13.03 a	50.86±1.32 a	6.67±0.61 a	121.47±17.72 a	16.27±2.19 a
CK-L	0~20	174.38±18.07 a	165.69±17.44 a	51.93±6.65 a	7.55±1.02 a	127.16±7.07 a	14.55±0.66 a
	20~40	105.45±15.60 b	163.48±13.25 a	40.78±16.24 a	6.48±1.71 a	124.54±12.57 a	14.29±1.08 a
	平均Mean	139.91±4.22 a	164.58±12.93 a	46.35±10.54 a	7.01±1.30 a	125.86±8.12 a	14.42±0.39 a
SYH	0~20	167.90±16.29 a	176.63±18.02 a	39.09±6.31 a	7.15±0.98 a	128.74±16.06 a	15.72±0.40 a
	20~40	164.45±26.21 a	170.31±25.62 a	40.38±4.73 a	6.70±0.44 a	107.15±11.32 ab	14.09±1.58 a
	平均Mean	166.18±12.86 a	173.47±11.80 a	39.74±3.99 a	6.92±0.68 a	117.95±5.87 a	14.90±0.83 a
CK-B	0~20	138.72±34.76 ab	162.31±13.41 a	48.69±11.49 a	7.37±1.49 a	108.53±25.24 ab	15.21±2.63 a
	20~40	109.83±30.29 b	153.31±27.39 a	47.90±11.81 a	6.73±1.33 a	83.36±10.41 b	14.66±0.82 a
	平均Mean	124.27±4.42 b	157.81±14.98 a	48.29±6.71 a	7.05±0.91 a	95.94±10.75 b	14.94±0.91 a

间作景观树种对茶园生态系统与茶叶生产的影响

Effects of intercropping tea with landscape trees on ecosystem of tea garden and tea production

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因子 Factor	茶青产量 YF	水浸出物 WE	茶多酚 PP	儿茶素总量 CC	游离氨基酸 FA	咖啡碱 CF	叶绿素总量 CP	酚氨比 RA
温度T	-0.584^*	-0.498	-0.445	-0.534^*	-0.215	-0.608^*	-0.658^*	-0.213
湿度H	0.557^*	0.797^*	0.807^*	0.813^*	-0.074	0.648^*	0.820^*	0.602^*
pH	-0.212	0.198	0.165	0.076	-0.451	-0.174	0.129	0.321
有机质OM	0.190	-0.001	-0.072	-0.137	-0.340	-0.112	-0.113	0.094
有效氮AN	0.087	-0.224	-0.123	-0.168	-0.246	-0.089	-0.243	-0.003
全氮TN	0.616^*	0.572^*	0.527^*	0.474	-0.42	0.400	0.513	0.550^*
有效钾APo	-0.671^*	-0.727^*	-0.815^*	-0.785^*	0.066	-0.655^*	-0.897^*	-0.599^*
全钾TPo	0.689^*	0.721^*	0.724^*	0.720^*	0.054	0.607^*	0.810^*	0.485
有效磷APh	-0.233	-0.584^*	-0.627^*	-0.564^*	0.039	-0.377	-0.612^*	-0.442
全磷Tph	0.139	-0.183	-0.271	-0.260	-0.135	-0.221	-0.264	-0.123
脲酶U	0.145	-0.004	-0.105	-0.097	0.084	-0.004	-0.097	-0.098
过氧化氢酶C	0.202	0.152	0.162	0.049	0.073	-0.243	0.010	0.073
多酚氧化酶PO	0.194	0.278	0.307	0.194	-0.210	0.121	0.413	0.282
蛋白酶PR	-0.313	-0.137	0.048	-0.089	0.179	-0.082	-0.063	-0.049
蔗糖酶S	0.398	0.644^*	0.540^*	0.614^*	-0.009	0.382	0.684^*	0.414
脱氢酶D	0.332	-0.087	-0.052	-0.030	0.507	0.117	0.059	-0.233

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