利用河道淤泥开发机插水稻秧苗营养土及其应用效果

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240269

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 538-547.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240269

利用河道淤泥开发机插水稻秧苗营养土及其应用效果

谢昶琰¹(), 金雨濛², 张苗¹, 董青君¹, 李青¹, 纪力¹, 钟平¹, 陈川¹, 章安康¹^,^*()

1.江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所,江苏淮安 223001
2.盐城市盐都区果蔬园艺技术指导站,江苏盐城 224056

收稿日期:2024-03-22 出版日期:2025-03-25 发布日期:2025-04-02
作者简介:谢昶琰(1990—),女,河南开封人,硕士,助理研究员,主要从事农业资源化利用和作物养分管理方面的研究。E-mail:1139908946@qq.com
通讯作者: * 章安康,E-mail:13905239366@139.com
基金资助:
江苏省水利科技项目(2023056);淮安市农业科学研究院科研发展基金项目(HNY202125);江苏省现代农业(水稻)产业技术体系项目(JATS〔2023〕190-1);淮安市自然科学研究计划(联合专项)项目(HABL202230)

Application effect of nutrient soil made from river sludge for machine-transplanted rice seedling

XIE Changyan¹(), JIN Yumeng², ZHANG Miao¹, DONG Qingjun¹, LI Qing¹, JI Li¹, ZHONG Ping¹, CHEN Chuan¹, ZHANG Ankang¹^,^*()

1. Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu, Huai’an 223001, Jiangsu, China
2. Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Technical Guidance Station of Yandu District, Yancheng City, Yancheng 224056, Jiangsu, China

Received:2024-03-22 Online:2025-03-25 Published:2025-04-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为实现河道清淤工程淤泥的资源化利用,以试验所在地的清淤淤泥和当地有机物料按照不同体积比例(T1,8∶2;T2,7∶3;T3,6∶4;T4,5∶5;T5,4∶6;T6,3∶7)制作水稻育秧营养土,以水稻品种南粳9108为试验材料,开展两季的田间育秧试验,研究配制的育秧营养土的理化性状、重金属含量与潜在生态风险,及其对水稻秧苗综合素质的影响,探究该营养土在水稻机插秧苗生产上的应用效果。结果表明,将淤泥与有机物料混配制作育秧营养土能有效降低淤泥的容重,提高总孔隙度和有机质、全氮含量。配制的6种育秧营养土中,镉、铬、铅、砷、汞元素的总量均未超过相关标准限量,污染等级为安全,潜在生态风险评价为轻微风险。配制的各营养土相比,T2处理下秧苗的综合素质最优,两季试验的株高均显著(P<0.05)高于纯稻田土,增幅在25.80%~57.49%,其根干重、总根长、根系表面积、根体积、壮苗指数和生长函数也均显著高于纯稻田土,符合机插壮秧标准和作业质量要求,表现出良好的适机性。综上,利用河道清淤淤泥开发机插秧苗营养土具有较强的可行性,在适宜的添加比例下,其育秧效果甚至优于稻田土。

关键词: 清淤淤泥, 水稻, 机插秧, 营养土, 秧苗素质, 综合评价

Abstract:

In order to realize the utilization of river sludge, different volume ratios (T1, 8∶2; T2, 7∶3; T3, 6∶4; T4, 5∶5; T5, 4∶6; T6, 3∶7) of river sludge and local organic materials were mixed to make nutrient soil for rice seedling, as well as rice variety Nanjing 9108 selected as the test material for two seasons. The physical and chemical properties, heavy metals content and potential ecological risk of different nutrient soils were determined, and their effects on the comprehensive quality of rice seedlings were studied, to reveal the application potential of these nutrient soils made from rive sludge for machine-transplanted rice seedlings. The results indicated that these prepared nutrient soils effectively reduced the bulk density of rive sludge, and increased the total porosity as well as the contents of organic matter and total nitrogen. The total amount of cadmium, chromium, lead, arsenic and mercury in these nutrient soils did not exceed the limits of the relevant standards, the pollution level was safe, and the potential ecological risk was slight. Among the 6 nutrient soils, the T2 treatment showed the best performance. Compared with the pure paddy soil, the plant height of rice seedlings under T2 treatment was significantly (P<0.05) increased by 25.80%-57.49%, and its dry weight of root, total root length, root surface area, root volume, strong seedling index and growth function were significantly superior, which could meet the standard for machine-transplanted rice seedling and the requirements of operation quality, showing good adaptability. To sum up, it has a strong feasibility to produce nutrient soil for seedling from river sludge, and the seedling effect could be better than the paddy soil with the appropriate formula.

Key words: river sludge, rice, machine-transplanted seedling, nutrient soil, seedling quality, comprehensive evaluation

中图分类号:

S511

谢昶琰, 金雨濛, 张苗, 董青君, 李青, 纪力, 钟平, 陈川, 章安康. 利用河道淤泥开发机插水稻秧苗营养土及其应用效果[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(3): 538-547.

XIE Changyan, JIN Yumeng, ZHANG Miao, DONG Qingjun, LI Qing, JI Li, ZHONG Ping, CHEN Chuan, ZHANG Ankang. Application effect of nutrient soil made from river sludge for machine-transplanted rice seedling[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(3): 538-547.

图/表 8

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处理 Treatment	容重 Bulk density/ (g·cm^-3)	总孔隙度 Total porosity/%	pH	电导率 Electrical conductivity/ (mS·cm^-1)	有机质含量 Organic matter content/(g·kg^-1)	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content/(g·kg^-1)
CK1	1.03±0.01 b	53.8±1.6 ab	8.16±0.07 a	0.06±0.01 d	28.59±1.15 e	1.85±0.63 d
CK2	1.15±0.07 a	49.4±1.7 b	8.05±0.02 a	0.31±0.04 d	27.14±2.03 e	1.81±0.26 d
T1	1.07±0.02 ab	51.4±2.3 ab	8.07±0.03 a	1.12±0.13 c	40.92±10.35 de	3.57±1.64 c
T2	1.03±0.01 b	51.8±1.6 ab	7.90±0.05 b	1.20±0.04 c	53.84±6.24 cd	4.18±0.67 b
T3	0.91±0.06 c	53.1±0.8 ab	7.94±0.08 b	1.35±0.17 c	75.76±6.03 bc	5.29±0.36 b
T4	0.86±0.03 c	53.3±6.0 ab	7.75±0.03 cd	1.68±0.15 b	86.39±9.27 b	6.06±0.24 b
T5	0.63±0.04 d	55.6±1.9 ab	7.79±0.01 c	1.90±0.03 b	98.64±14.53 b	8.49±1.68 a
T6	0.68±0.02 d	56.8±1.0 a	7.66±0.03 d	2.52±0.04 a	138.40±24.49 a	9.13±1.84 a

处理 Treatment	容重 Bulk density/ (g·cm^-3)	总孔隙度 Total porosity/%	pH	电导率 Electrical conductivity/ (mS·cm^-1)	有机质含量 Organic matter content/(g·kg^-1)	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content/(g·kg^-1)
CK1	1.03±0.01 b	53.8±1.6 ab	8.16±0.07 a	0.06±0.01 d	28.59±1.15 e	1.85±0.63 d
CK2	1.15±0.07 a	49.4±1.7 b	8.05±0.02 a	0.31±0.04 d	27.14±2.03 e	1.81±0.26 d
T1	1.07±0.02 ab	51.4±2.3 ab	8.07±0.03 a	1.12±0.13 c	40.92±10.35 de	3.57±1.64 c
T2	1.03±0.01 b	51.8±1.6 ab	7.90±0.05 b	1.20±0.04 c	53.84±6.24 cd	4.18±0.67 b
T3	0.91±0.06 c	53.1±0.8 ab	7.94±0.08 b	1.35±0.17 c	75.76±6.03 bc	5.29±0.36 b
T4	0.86±0.03 c	53.3±6.0 ab	7.75±0.03 cd	1.68±0.15 b	86.39±9.27 b	6.06±0.24 b
T5	0.63±0.04 d	55.6±1.9 ab	7.79±0.01 c	1.90±0.03 b	98.64±14.53 b	8.49±1.68 a
T6	0.68±0.02 d	56.8±1.0 a	7.66±0.03 d	2.52±0.04 a	138.40±24.49 a	9.13±1.84 a

处理 Treatment	Cd含量 Cd content	Cr含量 Cr content	As含量 As content	Hg含量 Hg content	Pb含量 Pb content
CK1	0.33±0.02 bc	18.59±8.18 d	17.74±1.44 a	0.01±0.01 a	23.37±2.21 a
CK2	0.39±0.01 ab	216.58±140.01 a	17.23±2.32 a	0.02±0.01 a	22.31±0.44 a
T1	0.22±0.04 d	163.94±23.52 ab	10.96±2.08 b	0.02±0.01 a	14.82±1.82 b
T2	0.26±0.08 cd	110.33±13.72 b	15.63±2.11 ab	0.01±0.01 a	14.79±1.10 b
T3	0.32±0.02 bc	95.85±6.99 c	17.07±4.89 a	0.02±0.01 a	16.12±3.71 b
T4	0.32±0.01 bc	126.66±8.61 ab	18.29±2.35 a	0.01±0.01 a	13.65±2.34 b
T5	0.38±0.01 ab	210.33±42.75 a	13.69±0.42 ab	0.02±0.01 a	15.03±2.01 b
T6	0.42±0.06 a	102.06±9.51 b	14.35±1.17 ab	0.01±0.01 a	12.69±1.38 b

处理 Treatment	Cd含量 Cd content	Cr含量 Cr content	As含量 As content	Hg含量 Hg content	Pb含量 Pb content
CK1	0.33±0.02 bc	18.59±8.18 d	17.74±1.44 a	0.01±0.01 a	23.37±2.21 a
CK2	0.39±0.01 ab	216.58±140.01 a	17.23±2.32 a	0.02±0.01 a	22.31±0.44 a
T1	0.22±0.04 d	163.94±23.52 ab	10.96±2.08 b	0.02±0.01 a	14.82±1.82 b
T2	0.26±0.08 cd	110.33±13.72 b	15.63±2.11 ab	0.01±0.01 a	14.79±1.10 b
T3	0.32±0.02 bc	95.85±6.99 c	17.07±4.89 a	0.02±0.01 a	16.12±3.71 b
T4	0.32±0.01 bc	126.66±8.61 ab	18.29±2.35 a	0.01±0.01 a	13.65±2.34 b
T5	0.38±0.01 ab	210.33±42.75 a	13.69±0.42 ab	0.02±0.01 a	15.03±2.01 b
T6	0.42±0.06 a	102.06±9.51 b	14.35±1.17 ab	0.01±0.01 a	12.69±1.38 b

处理 Treatment	P_Cd	P_Cr	P_As	P_Hg	P_Pb	P_N	E_Cd	E_Cr	E_As	E_Hg	E_Pb	RI
CK1	0.41	0.05	0.89	0.01	0.10	0.66	12.3	0.1	8.9	0.4	0.5	22.2
CK2	0.49	0.62	0.86	0.02	0.09	0.68	14.7	1.2	8.6	0.8	0.4	25.7
T1	0.28	0.47	0.55	0.02	0.06	0.44	8.4	0.9	5.5	0.8	0.3	15.9
T2	0.33	0.32	0.78	0.01	0.06	0.59	9.9	0.6	7.8	0.4	0.3	19.0
T3	0.40	0.27	0.85	0.02	0.07	0.64	12.0	0.5	8.5	0.8	0.3	22.1
T4	0.40	0.36	0.91	0.01	0.06	0.69	12.0	0.7	9.1	0.4	0.3	22.5
T5	0.48	0.60	0.68	0.02	0.06	0.55	14.4	1.2	6.8	0.8	0.3	23.5
T6	0.53	0.29	0.72	0.01	0.05	0.56	15.9	0.6	7.2	0.4	0.2	24.3

利用河道淤泥开发机插水稻秧苗营养土及其应用效果

Application effect of nutrient soil made from river sludge for machine-transplanted rice seedling

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处理 Treatment	成苗率 Seeding rate/%	叶龄 Leaf age	株高 Height/cm	茎粗 Stem diameter/mm	SPAD值 SPAD value	地上部干重 Dry weight of shoot/g	根干重 Dry weight of root/g
CK1	88.61±9.29 a	3.94±0.23 c	11.32±0.74 d	1.35±0.22 c	21.36±2.33 abc	1.31±0.15 b	1.94±0.07 c
CK2	78.10±6.46 a	3.70±0.48 d	10.07±1.10 e	2.01±0.39 b	18.92±2.95 c	0.95±0.13 d	1.07±0.15 d
T1	80.31±10.09 a	4.67±0.19 a	15.52±1.99 a	2.29±0.47 ab	24.74±1.12 a	1.75±0.18 a	2.06±0.31 b
T2	90.28±9.58 a	4.46±0.49 ab	14.24±1.08 b	2.32±0.37 ab	20.90±2.84 bc	1.53±0.18 ab	2.68±0.28 a
T3	89.17±3.77 a	4.27±0.32 bc	11.66±1.07 d	2.39±0.34 ab	22.92±2.85 ab	1.39±0.18 b	2.52±0.25 a
T4	82.53± 5.08 a	4.70±0.39 a	11.75±0.74 d	2.42±0.25 ab	22.04±2.12 abc	1.26±0.19 c	2.00±0.13 b
T5	93.60±15.09 a	4.24±0.63 bc	13.05±0.44 c	2.41±0.25 ab	23.56±2.56 ab	1.62±0.17 a	2.31±0.21 ab
T6	79.77±7.45 a	4.49±0.36 ab	12.94±1.15 c	2.55±0.12 a	23.24±2.16 ab	1.29±0.21 c	2.25±0.32 ab

处理 Treatment	成苗率 Seeding rate/%	叶龄 Leaf age	株高 Height/cm	茎粗 Stem diameter/mm	SPAD值 SPAD value	地上部干重 Dry weight of shoot/g	根干重 Dry weight of root/g
CK1	81.41±9.03 a	3.96±0.13 a	12.82±0.73 d	1.86±0.16 bc	20.66±1.02 c	1.20±0.11 d	1.10±0.13 c
CK2	84.74±11.11 a	3.68±0.31 b	14.01±1.19 c	1.68±0.16 c	22.64±3.72 bc	1.13±0.15 d	0.67±0.18 e
T1	88.06±11.31 a	4.07±0.13 a	20.46±1.06 b	2.10±0.11 a	28.52±4.78 a	1.60 ±0.16 c	1.79±0.23 a
T2	89.73±12.03 a	4.00±0.04 a	20.19±1.44 b	2.07±0.26 ab	23.26±1.76 bc	1.67±0.26 c	1.78±0.27 a
T3	88.90±8.19 a	4.07±0.19 a	20.11±1.52 b	1.78±0.24 bc	23.10±1.85 bc	1.81±0.17 b	1.55±0.29 b
T4	92.49±13.31 a	4.00±0.06 a	19.29±1.09 b	1.67±0.11 c	22.18±0.77 bc	1.63±0.10 c	0.69 ±0.14 e
T5	92.38±14.55 a	4.02±0.06 a	21.74±1.74 a	1.95±0.16 b	25.26±1.15 ab	2.03±0.16 a	0.88±0.18 d
T6	82.65±4.98 a	4.02±0.08 a	19.76±1.39 b	2.01±0.22 ab	27.90±4.31 a	1.75±0.18 bc	0.93±0.14 d

处理 Treatment	总根长 Total root length/cm	根系表面积 Root surface area/cm²	根体积 Root volume/cm³	根尖数 Tips	分叉数 Forks
CK1	67.37±9.98 bc	6.39±1.01 b	0.060±0.008 bc	396±90 abc	461±63 bc
CK2	37.56±13.23 c	3.07±1.27 d	0.055±0.010 c	163±99 d	267±50 d
T1	83.36±23.95 a	9.30±1.63 a	0.085±0.012 ab	504±97 a	534±133 a
T2	75.81±9.08 ab	8.80±0.93 ab	0.082±0.010 ab	441±36 a	508±68 ab
T3	85.46±36.26 a	9.85±4.06 a	0.092±0.004 a	408±78 ab	475±72 ab
T4	46.84±6.65 c	5.91±0.82 c	0.060±0.010 bc	254±37 cd	314±35 c
T5	28.30±13.55 c	3.65±1.26 d	0.038±0.010 c	378±94 abc	358±75 c
T6	59.08±21.63 bc	6.57±2.32 b	0.058±0.012 c	348±124 bcd	357±143 c

处理 Treatment	总根长 Total root length/cm	根系表面积 Root surface area/cm²	根体积 Root volume/cm³	根尖数 Tips	分叉数 Forks
CK1	80.14±17.02 b	8.12±2.38 ab	0.065±0.013 bc	469±75 bc	497±82 c
CK2	54.38±19.73 cd	5.23±1.87 c	0.040±0.010 d	328±130 cd	334±79 cd
T1	104.24±17.64 a	10.29±2.32 a	0.093±0.010 a	656±97 a	865±85 a
T2	105.31±14.29 a	9.82±1.34 ab	0.089±0.010 ab	462±112 bc	553±69 bc
T3	105.15±6.73 a	10.52±0.59 a	0.085±0.018 ab	550±111 ab	662±110 b
T4	58.36±14.39 c	5.87±1.13 bc	0.047±0.010 cd	344±95 cd	396±146 cd
T5	57.64±9.29 c	5.77±1.01 bc	0.047±0.016 cd	357±67 cd	422±114 cd
T6	33.21±4.32 d	3.48±0.91 d	0.033±0.010 d	244±68 d	260±58 d

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