发酵饲料对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长性能和肠道细菌菌群的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250442

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (8): 1539-1550.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250442

发酵饲料对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长性能和肠道细菌菌群的影响

陈劲飞(), 李鹏全, 陈琛^*(), 李腾腾, 冀德伟, 齐飘飘, 周强

浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所, 全省近岸生物种质资源保护与利用重点实验室,浙江-泰国海洋技术联合实验室,温州市海洋生物遗传育种重点实验室, 浙江温州 325000

收稿日期:2025-06-17 出版日期:2026-08-25 发布日期:2026-09-14
作者简介:陈劲飞,研究方向为水产养殖。E-mail:233881903@qq.com
通讯作者: *陈琛,E-mail:10006986@qq.com
基金资助:
温州市农业高新园区开放性项目(KN20210002);温州市农业科技项目(ZN2021001);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2023ZY1056)

Effects of fermented feed on the growth performance and intestinal bacterial flora of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei

CHEN Jinfei(), LI Pengquan, CHEN Chen^*(), LI Tengteng, JI Dewei, QI Piaopiao, ZHOU Qiang

Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Coastal Biological Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Sino-Thai Joint Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding, Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China

Received:2025-06-17 Published:2026-08-25 Online:2026-09-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究益生菌发酵饲料在凡纳滨对虾幼虾阶段的标粗效果,设计4个试验组,分别投喂KB(基础饲料)、RS(嗜酸乳杆菌发酵饲料)、YB(枯草芽孢杆菌发酵饲料)和YR(复合益生菌发酵饲料)。选取规格一致的凡纳滨对虾幼虾(0.41±0.01)g进行32 d的标粗试验,评估凡纳滨对虾幼虾的生长性能,以及养殖水体和凡纳滨对虾肠道的微生物组成。结果表明:发酵饲料组能显著(p<0.05)提高幼虾的成活率,并显著(p<0.05)降低饲料系数;发酵饲料组养殖水体中黄单胞菌目(Xanthomonadales)相对丰度显著(p<0.05)升高,而根瘤菌目(Rhizobiales)、细小杆菌目(Parvibaculales)和弧菌目(Vibrionales)相对丰度显著(p<0.05)降低。该研究结果表明,发酵饲料对养殖水体微生物群落整体结构无显著调控效果,但发酵饲料能够降低养殖水体弧菌的相对丰度,提高凡纳滨对虾幼虾成活率,显著改善凡纳滨对虾幼虾的肠道菌群组成,从而提高对虾的饲料利用效率与生长速度。

关键词: 发酵饲料, 凡纳滨对虾, 幼虾, 生长性能, 细菌群落多样性, 菌群组成

Abstract:

To investigate the effect of probiotic fermented feed on the nursery performance of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei, four experimental groups were established, fed with KB (basic feed), RS (feed fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus), YB (feed fermented by Bacillus subtilis), and YR (feed fermented by compound probiotics), respectively. Juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei with uniform size (0.41±0.01)g were selected for a 32-day nursery test to evaluate the growth performance of the juvenile shrimp, and microbial composition in the aquaculture water and shrimp intestines. The results showed that the fermented feed groups significantly(p<0.05) increased the survival rate of the juvenile shrimp, and significantly (p<0.05) reduced the feed conversion ratio; in the aquaculture water of the fermented feed groups, the relative abundance of Xanthomonadales significantly(p<0.05) increased, while the relative abundances of Rhizobiales, Parvibaculales, and Vibrionales significantly (p<0.05) decreased. The results of this study indicated that although fermented feeds exerted no significant effect on the overall microbial community structure of aquaculture water, they reduced the relative abundance of Vibrionales, improved the survival rate of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei, optimized the composition of their intestinal flora, and thereby enhanced feed utilization efficiency and growth rate.

Key words: fermented feed, juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei, juvenile shrimp, growth performance, bacterial community diversity, flora composition

中图分类号:

陈劲飞, 李鹏全, 陈琛, 李腾腾, 冀德伟, 齐飘飘, 周强. 发酵饲料对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长性能和肠道细菌菌群的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(8): 1539-1550.

CHEN Jinfei, LI Pengquan, CHEN Chen, LI Tengteng, JI Dewei, QI Piaopiao, ZHOU Qiang. Effects of fermented feed on the growth performance and intestinal bacterial flora of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(8): 1539-1550.

图/表 10

表1 饲料中目标菌的含量(n=3) 单位:CFU·g-1

Table 1 Content of target bacteria in feed (n=3) Unit: CFU·g-1

试验组 Experimental group	菌种 Strain	含量Content
试验组 Experimental group	菌种 Strain	发酵前/10⁴ Before fermentation /10⁴	发酵后/10⁷ After fermentation /10⁷
YB	枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis	7.54±1.14	7.65±0.95
RS	嗜酸乳杆菌Lactobacillus acidophilus	4.25±0.61	6.81±0.81
YR	复合益生菌Compound probiotics	8.99±1.16	56.62±6.10
KB	—	0	0

表2 不同饲料处理组凡纳滨对虾幼虾的生长状况

Table 2 Growth of Litopenaeus vannamei in different feed treatment groups

试验组 Experimental group	终体重/g Final body weight /g	增重率/% Weight gain rate/%	成活率/% Survival rate/%	特定生长率/% Specific growth rate/%	饲料系数 Feed conversion ratio
RS	1.062±0.045 a	157.55±11.29 a	92.39±3.00 a	2.95±0.14 a	3.56±0.45 c
YB	1.043±0.038 a	152.72±9.49 a	89.36±9.17 a	2.90±0.11 a	3.94±0.56 bc
YR	1.041±0.030 a	152.41±7.18 a	84.72±9.91 a	2.89±0.11 a	4.53±1.22 b
KB	0.971±0.100 a	135.42±24.63 a	78.69±14.36 b	2.66±0.33 a	6.24±2.25 a

表3 养殖水体细菌总数单位:CFU·mL-1

Table 3 Total number of bacteria in aquaculture water Unit: CFU·mL-1

试验组 Experimental group	细菌总数Total number of bacteria
试验组 Experimental group	3 d	6 d	12 d	19 d	25 d	32 d
RS	3 950±526 b	3 545±304 c	57 750±7 632 ab	39 375±4 715 b	58 100±8 102 b	46 100±5 553 a
YB	7 625±822 a	5 750±2 253 bc	55 500±10 630 ab	27 000±5 492 b	56 000±5 354 b	51 725±9 397 a
YR	7 250±835 a	7 275±2 634 ab	46 750±13 175 b	24 250±2 872 b	45 575±11 189 b	52 250±3 594 a
KB	3 000±424 c	8 575±1 069 a	70 500±8 544 a	657 500±86 554 a	160 500±29 558 a	50 500±7 234 a
SLS	210±15 d	530±15 d	570±70 c	365±35 c	1 140±60 c	620±40 b

图1 不同饲料组水体细菌群落组间差异显著性检验图 KB,对照组(高温高压灭菌基础饲料组);RS,嗜酸乳杆菌发酵饲料组;YB,枯草芽孢杆菌发酵饲料组;YR,复合益生菌发酵饲料组。下同。

Fig.1 Significance test plot for differences in aquaculture water bacterial communities among different feed groups KB, Control group (basal diet treated with high-temperature and high-pressure sterilization); RS, Lactobacillus acidophilus fermented feed group; YB, Bacillus subtilis fermented feed group; YR, Compound probiotic fermented feed group. The same as below.

图2 不同饲料组与砂滤海水水体微生物群落在属水平的主成分分析 SLS,砂滤海水组。

Fig.2 Principal component analysis of microbial communities at the genus level from different feed groups and sand-filtered seawater group SLS, Sand-filtered seawater group.

图3 不同饲料组凡纳滨对虾幼虾肠道微生物ASV水平观测到的OTU数量稀释曲线

Fig.3 Rarefaction curves of the observed OTU number at the ASV level for the gut microorganisms of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei in different feed groups

表4 不同饲料组凡纳滨对虾幼虾肠道微生物α多样性指数统计(n=4)

Table 4 Statistics of intestinal microbial α diversity indices of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei in different feed groups(n=4)

样本 Sample	ACE指数 ACE index	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	香农指数 Shannon index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	覆盖度/% Coverage/%
RS	258.8±80.9 a	256.4±78.5 a	3.5±0.3 a	0.10±0.01 a	99.95±0.02 a
YB	176.0±35.0 a	175.6±34.4 a	3.2±0.4 a	0.10±0.01 a	99.98±0.01 a
YR	198.9±12.0 a	199.0±12.6 a	3.3±0.4 a	0.10±0.10 a	99.98±0.02 a
KB	183.9±84.7 a	182.9±83.7 a	2.9±0.9 a	0.20±0.20 a	99.98±0.02 a

图4 不同饲料组凡纳滨对虾幼虾肠道微生物的主成分分析

Fig.4 Principal component analysis of gut microorganisms of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei in different feed groups

图5 不同饲料处理组凡纳滨对虾幼虾肠道菌群的相对丰度

Fig.5 Relative abundance of intestinal flora of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei in different feed groups

图6 不同饲料组凡纳滨对虾幼虾肠道细菌群落组间差异显著性检验图

Fig.6 Significance tests of differences in intestinal bacterial communities among different feed groups for juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei

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发酵饲料对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长性能和肠道细菌菌群的影响

Effects of fermented feed on the growth performance and intestinal bacterial flora of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei

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