宁海白枇杷叶水提物通过抗炎和调控肠道菌群缓解小鼠急性肺炎

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250483

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (8): 1551-1562.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250483

宁海白枇杷叶水提物通过抗炎和调控肠道菌群缓解小鼠急性肺炎

陈沁楠¹^,²(), 陶文扬², 周万怡², 王梦竹², 邢建荣², 王建成³, 杨颖²^,^*(), 邓尚贵¹^,^*()

¹ 浙江海洋大学食品与药学学院, 浙江舟山 316022
² 浙江省农业科学院食品科学研究所, 浙江杭州 310021
³ 海通食品(宁海)有限公司, 浙江宁波 315601

收稿日期:2025-07-14 出版日期:2026-08-25 发布日期:2026-09-14
作者简介:陈沁楠,研究方向为天然活性物质对急性肺炎的保护作用。E-mail:15157672779@163.com
通讯作者: *邓尚贵,E-mail:dengshanggui@163.com;杨颖,E-mail:yangying_sps@163.com
基金资助:
“科技甬江2035”关键技术(2024Z281)

Aqueous extract of Ninghai Bai loquat leaf mitigates LPS-induced acute pneumonia in mice via anti-inflammatory and gut microbiota modulation

CHEN Qinnan¹^,²(), TAO Wenyang², ZHOU Wanyi², WANG Mengzhu², XING Jianrong², WANG Jiancheng³, YANG Ying²^,^*(), DENG Shanggui¹^,^*()

¹ College of Food and Medicine, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, Zhejiang, China
² Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
³ Haitong Food (Ninghai) Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315601, Zhejiang, China

Received:2025-07-14 Published:2026-08-25 Online:2026-09-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究宁海白枇杷叶水提物对急性肺炎的保护作用及其机制,采用脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)诱导小鼠急性肺炎模型,进行细胞活力检测、肺组织病理学观察、湿/干重比(W/D)测定、氧化应激和炎症因子水平检测,并通过16S rRNA测序分析肠道菌群变化。结果表明,枇杷叶水提物以剂量依赖性方式缓解LPS诱导的肺泡上皮细胞损伤;枇杷叶水提物(200、400 mg·kg^-1)预处理对LPS诱导的小鼠脏器系数无显著影响,可显著(p<0.01)降低小鼠肺组织W/D,减轻肺泡壁增厚、炎症细胞浸润等病理损伤,肺组织中丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)活性无显著变化,降低髓过氧化物酶(myeloperoxidase, MPO)活性和促炎因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平,提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase, GPx)活性。肠道菌群分析显示,枇杷叶水提物可改善LPS引起的菌群紊乱,提高芽孢杆菌门相对丰度,降低拟杆菌门相对丰度,并增加有益菌异杆菌属(Allobaculum)、回肠杆状菌属(Ileibacterium)和安德克氏菌属(Adlercreutzia)的相对丰度。综上,宁海白枇杷叶水提物对LPS诱导的小鼠急性肺炎具有保护作用,其机制可能与抑制氧化应激和炎症反应、调节肠道菌群平衡有关。

关键词: 急性肺炎, 枇杷叶, 水提物, 脂多糖, 肠道菌群

Abstract:

To investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of the aqueous extract of Ninghai Bai loquat leaves against acute pneumonia, a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute pneumonia was established. Cell viability assays, lung histopathological observation, wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D) measurement, assessment of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine levels, and 16S rRNA sequencing-based gut microbiota analysis were performed. The results showed that the loquat leaf aqueous extract alleviated LPS-induced lung epithelial cell injury in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with the extract (200, 400 mg·kg^-1) had no significant effect on organ coefficients in LPS-induced mice, but significantly (p<0.01) decreased the lung W/D and ameliorated pathological damage such as alveolar wall thickening and inflammatory cell infiltration. No significant changes were observed in malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in lung tissue, whereas myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were reduced, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was increased. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that the loquat leaf aqueous extract ameliorated LPS-induced microbial dysbiosis by increasing the relative abundance of the phylum Bacillota, decreasing that of Bacteroidota, and augmenting the relative abundances of beneficial genera such as Allobaculum, Ileibacterium and Adlercreutzia. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of Ninghai Bai loquat leaves exerts a protective effect against LPS-induced acute pneumonia in mice, which may be associated with the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and the regulation of gut microbiota homeostasis.

Key words: acute pneumonia, Eriobotrya japonica leaf, aqueous extract, lipopolysaccharide, gut microbiota

中图分类号:

TS218

陈沁楠, 陶文扬, 周万怡, 王梦竹, 邢建荣, 王建成, 杨颖, 邓尚贵. 宁海白枇杷叶水提物通过抗炎和调控肠道菌群缓解小鼠急性肺炎[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(8): 1551-1562.

CHEN Qinnan, TAO Wenyang, ZHOU Wanyi, WANG Mengzhu, XING Jianrong, WANG Jiancheng, YANG Ying, DENG Shanggui. Aqueous extract of Ninghai Bai loquat leaf mitigates LPS-induced acute pneumonia in mice via anti-inflammatory and gut microbiota modulation[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(8): 1551-1562.

图/表 6

图1 枇杷叶水提物对LPS诱导的A549细胞损伤的保护作用 A,A549细胞经不同浓度LPS处理24 h;B, A549细胞经不同浓度枇杷叶水提物孵育24 h;C,不同浓度枇杷叶水提物和LPS处理A549细胞24 h后用CCK-8法检测细胞活力。图A中,*和**分别表示与0 μg·mL-1处理相比,在p<0.05和p<0.01水平上差异显著。图C中,####表示与空白组(NC)相比,在p<0.000 1水平上差异显著;*和**分别表示与模型组(LPS)相比,在p<0.05、p<0.01水平上差异显著。

Fig.1 Protective effects of loquat leaf aqueous extract on LPS-induced injury in A549 cells A, A549 cells were incubated with LPS at different mass concentrations for 24 h; B, A549 cells were incubated with aqueous extract of loquat leaf at different mass concentrations for 24 h; C, A549 cells were incubated with loquat leaf aqueous extract and/or LPS at different mass concentrations for 24 h and the cell viability was measured using the CCK-8 assay. In panel A, * and ** indicate significant differences at the p<0.05 and p<0.01 levels, respectively, compared with the 0 μg·mL-1 treatment. In panel C, #### indicates significant differences at the p<0.000 1 level compared with the blank control(NC) group; * and ** indicate significant differences at the p<0.05 and p<0.01 levels, respectively, compared with the model (LPS) group.

图2 枇杷叶水提物对急性肺炎小鼠体重、脏器系数和肺温/干重比的影响 #、##分别表示与空白组(NC)相比p<0.05、p<0.01;*、**和****分别表示与模型组(LPS)相比p<0.05、p<0.01和p<0.000 1。

Fig.2 Effects of loquat leaf aqueous extract on body weight, organ coefficient and lung wet-to-dry weight ratio in mice with acute pneumonia # and ## indicate p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively, compared with the blank control (NC) group; *, ** and **** indicate p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.000 1, respectively, compared with the model (LPS) group.

图3 HE染色观察各组小鼠肺组织的病理学改变 A,健康对照(NC)组;B,LPS组;C,5 mg·kg-1地塞米松组;D,200 mg·kg-1枇杷叶水提物组;E,400 mg·kg-1枇杷叶水提物组。黑色三角形指示细支气管;蓝色箭头指示炎症细胞浸润;绿色箭头指示肺泡腔扩张或融合;黑色箭头指示肺泡间隔增厚或透明膜形成;比例尺:50 μm(物镜放大倍数为20×)。

Fig.3 Histopathological assessment of pulmonary lesions by HE staining across experimental groups A, Healthy control (NC) group; B, LPS-induced pneumonia model group; C, 5 mg·kg-1 dexamethasone treatment group; D, 200 mg·kg-1 aqueous extract of loquat leaf treatment group; E, 400 mg·kg-1 aqueous extract of loquat leaf treatment group. Key morphological indicators: ▲, Bronchiolar epithelium; Blue, Inflammatory cell infiltration (predominantly neutrophils); Green, Alveolar space dilation with septal fusion; Black, Hyaline membrane formation and interstitial thickening. Scale bar: 50 μm (20× objective magnification).

图4 枇杷叶水提物对LPS诱导的急性肺炎小鼠的保护作用 #、##、###和####分别表示与空白(NC)组相比p<0.05、p<0.01、p<0.001、p<0.000 1;*、**、***和****表示与模型组(LPS)相比p<0.05、p<0.01、p<0.001、p<0.000 1。

Fig.4 Protective effects of loquat leaf aqueous extract on LPS-induced acute pneumonia in mice #, ##, ### and #### indicate p<0.05, p<0.01, p< 0.001 and p<0.000 1, respectively, compared with the blank(NC) group; *, **, *** and **** indicate p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001, and p<0.000 1, respectively, compared with the model(LPS) group.

图5 枇杷叶水提物对LPS诱导的急性肺炎小鼠肠道菌群的影响(门水平) A,Venn图(97%相似性截断值);B,基于PCoA的β多样性分析(Bray-Curtis距离);C,肠道菌群失调指数(取常用对数);D,门水平上物种注释条形图;E,芽孢杆菌门的相对丰度;F,拟杆菌门的相对丰度;G,疣微菌门的相对丰度;H,放线菌门的相对丰度。##,与NC组相比p<0.01。图B采用PERMANOVA检验;图C~图H采用Kruskal-Wallis检验。

Fig.5 Effects of loquat leaf aqueous extract on the gut microbiota in mice with LPS-induced acute pneumonia (phylum level) A, Venn diagram (97% similarity cut-off); B, β-diversity analysis by PCoA (Bray-Curtis distance); C, Microbial dysbiosis index (MDI, converted by common logarithm); D, Phylum-level taxonomic composition; E, Relative abundance of Bacillota; F, Relative abundance of Bacteroidota; G, Relative abundance of Verrucomicrobiota; H, Relative abundance of Actinomycetota. ##, p<0.01 compared with the NC group. Figure B was analyzed using PERMANOVA; Figures C to H were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test.

图6 枇杷叶水提物对LPS诱导的急性肺炎小鼠肠道菌群的影响(属水平) A,属水平物种注释条形图;B,异杆菌属的相对丰度;C,回肠杆状菌属的相对丰度;D,安德克氏菌属的相对丰度;E,单因素相关性网络图。

Fig.6 Effects of loquat leaf aqueous extract on the gut microbiota in mice with LPS-induced acute pneumonia(genus level) A, Genus composition; B, Relative abundance of Allobaculum; C, Relative abundance of Ileibacterium; D, Relative abundance of Adlercreutzia; E, Univariate correlation network diagram.

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宁海白枇杷叶水提物通过抗炎和调控肠道菌群缓解小鼠急性肺炎

Aqueous extract of Ninghai Bai loquat leaf mitigates LPS-induced acute pneumonia in mice via anti-inflammatory and gut microbiota modulation

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