浙江农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 1329-1338.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230860
程园a(), 徐升胜a, 段延碧b, 徐馨蕾a, 郭凤根c, 王仕玉a, 龙雯虹a,*(
)
收稿日期:
2023-07-13
出版日期:
2024-06-25
发布日期:
2024-07-02
作者简介:
程园(1999—),女,云南红河人,硕士研究生,研究方向为蔬菜学。E-mail:1404551023@qq.com
通讯作者:
*龙雯虹,E-mail:lwh57@sina.com
基金资助:
CHENG Yuana(), XU Shengshenga, DUAN Yanbib, XU Xinleia, GUO Fenggenc, WANG Shiyua, LONG Wenhonga,*(
)
Received:
2023-07-13
Online:
2024-06-25
Published:
2024-07-02
摘要:
为探究云南特色品种牛尾山药携带的病毒及其危害情况,明确病毒抑制剂、热处理和低温处理对山药病毒的脱毒效果,以期得到较好的脱毒方法。研究调查了牛尾山药病毒病发病率、植株病症,采用分子生物学方法检测了病毒种类,研究了不同脱毒处理下山药斑驳病毒的脱毒效果。结果表明:牛尾山药携带山药斑驳病毒,叶片可见明显的褪绿斑,发病率为41.67%~43.33%。RT-PCR检测结果显示,60 mol·L-1盐酸吗啉胍处理、60 mol·L-1利巴韦林药剂处理能降低山药成活率和生长量,但能有效脱除山药斑驳病毒。采用高温处理(45 ℃ 12 h、40 ℃ 24 h、45 ℃ 24 h)结合顶芽培养能有效脱除山药斑驳病毒,40 ℃处理24 h的山药生长量显著降低,而45 ℃处理12 h、45 ℃处理24 h的山药生长量和成活率均显著降低。低温处理(0 ℃ 24 h、5 ℃ 24 h)结合顶芽培养能显著降低山药成活率和生长量,但能有效脱除山药斑驳病毒。综合考虑成活率、生长量和脱毒效果,建议采用60 mol·L-1盐酸吗啉胍处理或40 ℃高温处理24 h。
中图分类号:
程园, 徐升胜, 段延碧, 徐馨蕾, 郭凤根, 王仕玉, 龙雯虹. 牛尾山药病毒病危害情况调查与茎段脱毒方法[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(6): 1329-1338.
CHENG Yuan, XU Shengsheng, DUAN Yanbi, XU Xinlei, GUO Fenggen, WANG Shiyu, LONG Wenhong. Investigation on virus disease in ‘Niuwei’ yam and removal of virus with stem culture[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(6): 1329-1338.
检测病毒 Detect virus | 引物名称 Primer name | 序列(5'→3') Sequence (5'→3') | 退火温度 Annealing temperature/℃ |
---|---|---|---|
YMMV | YMMVDetF1 8716 | TTCCTCGCATCAAAGCACCAATGAG | 59.58 |
YMMVDetR1 9254 | TGCTGCYTTCATYTGCATGTG | 53.66 | |
YMMVDetR1a9254 | TGCCGCTTTCATTTGCATGTG | 55.61 | |
JYMV | JYMVF8430 | TACGCATGGCTTCTTGGGCAAGC | 61.33 |
JYMVR9256 | TTCCTCGAAGTCCATAGCGTGGC | 61.33 | |
JYMVR9256a | TCCTCTGAAGTCCATAGCGTGGC | 61.33 | |
YCNV | YCNMVF604 | TTAACGTCATAGTAGCTCTCAGC | 55.99 |
YCNMVR1269 | TAGTCGAGCTGAACCCTAACCAC | 59.55 | |
YMOV | YMOVF4146 | ATTGTGGTTCATGCAGTTGCAGG | 57.77 |
YMOVR5056 | ATATACAACAAGTGCAACTAACACG | 54.66 |
表1 PCR所用引物信息
Table 1 Primer information for PCR
检测病毒 Detect virus | 引物名称 Primer name | 序列(5'→3') Sequence (5'→3') | 退火温度 Annealing temperature/℃ |
---|---|---|---|
YMMV | YMMVDetF1 8716 | TTCCTCGCATCAAAGCACCAATGAG | 59.58 |
YMMVDetR1 9254 | TGCTGCYTTCATYTGCATGTG | 53.66 | |
YMMVDetR1a9254 | TGCCGCTTTCATTTGCATGTG | 55.61 | |
JYMV | JYMVF8430 | TACGCATGGCTTCTTGGGCAAGC | 61.33 |
JYMVR9256 | TTCCTCGAAGTCCATAGCGTGGC | 61.33 | |
JYMVR9256a | TCCTCTGAAGTCCATAGCGTGGC | 61.33 | |
YCNV | YCNMVF604 | TTAACGTCATAGTAGCTCTCAGC | 55.99 |
YCNMVR1269 | TAGTCGAGCTGAACCCTAACCAC | 59.55 | |
YMOV | YMOVF4146 | ATTGTGGTTCATGCAGTTGCAGG | 57.77 |
YMOVR5056 | ATATACAACAAGTGCAACTAACACG | 54.66 |
图1 山药带病叶片与健康叶片 图A与图B均为山药生长旺盛时期叶片。图A为患病毒病山药叶片,图B为山药健康叶片。
Fig.1 Diseased leaves and healthy leaves of Chinese yam Fig. A and B were the leaves of yam during its vigorous growth. Fig. A showed the leaves of Chinese yam infected with virus disease, and Fig. B showed the healthy leaves of Chinese yam.
图2 YMOV引物PCR检测结果 YMOV的PCR产物大小为910 bp。M,DL 2 000 DNA marker。泳道1、16,阳性对照组外植体样品;泳道2、17,阴性对照组外植体样品;泳道3~15和泳道18~29,随机检测田间疑似病毒病植物叶片样品。
Fig.2 PCR detection results of YMOV primer The PCR product length of YMOV is 910 bp. M, DL 2 000 DNA marker. Lane 1 and 16, Positive control explant samples; Lane 2 and 17, Negative control explant samples; Lanes 3-15 and Lanes 18-29, Random detection of leaf samples of plants suspected of viral diseases in the field.
质量浓度 Mass concentration/ (mg·L-1) | 成活率 Survival rate/% | 侧芽萌发数 Number of sprouting lateral buds | 侧芽长出数 Number of elongating lateral buds | 株高 Plant height/cm | 叶色 Leaf color |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 | 95.53±0.91 a | 2.68±0.67 a | 1.30±0.98 ab | 2.13±0.35 a | 绿Green |
40 | 96.63±2.91 a | 2.34±0.28 c | 1.20±0.05 b | 1.87±0.40 a | 绿Green |
60 | 70.30±0.95 b | 2.14±0.53 d | 0.64±0.05 c | 1.00±0.26 b | 绿Green |
0(CK) | 94.63±1.24 a | 2.59±0.65 ab | 1.42±0.53 a | 2.23±0.15 a | 绿Green |
表2 盐酸吗啉胍处理后组培苗的生长状况
Table 2 Growth of tissue culture seedlings treated with moroxydine hydrochloride
质量浓度 Mass concentration/ (mg·L-1) | 成活率 Survival rate/% | 侧芽萌发数 Number of sprouting lateral buds | 侧芽长出数 Number of elongating lateral buds | 株高 Plant height/cm | 叶色 Leaf color |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 | 95.53±0.91 a | 2.68±0.67 a | 1.30±0.98 ab | 2.13±0.35 a | 绿Green |
40 | 96.63±2.91 a | 2.34±0.28 c | 1.20±0.05 b | 1.87±0.40 a | 绿Green |
60 | 70.30±0.95 b | 2.14±0.53 d | 0.64±0.05 c | 1.00±0.26 b | 绿Green |
0(CK) | 94.63±1.24 a | 2.59±0.65 ab | 1.42±0.53 a | 2.23±0.15 a | 绿Green |
图3 盐酸吗啉胍对组培苗的脱毒效果 M,DL 2 000 DNA marker。泳道1、2,20 mg·L-1盐酸吗啉胍处理的下部样品、上部样品;泳道3、4,40 mg·L-1盐酸吗啉胍处理的下部、上部样品;泳道5、6,60 mg·L-1盐酸吗啉胍处理的上部、下部样品;泳道7、8,对照组外植体下部、上部样品。
Fig.3 Detoxification effect of moroxydine hydrochloride on tissue culture seedlings M, DL 2 000 DNA marker. Lanes 1-2, Lower sample and upper sample of explants treated with 20 mg·L-1 moroxydine hydrochloride; Lanes 3-4, Lower sample and upper sample of explants treated with 40 mg·L-1 moroxydine hydrochloride; Lanes 5-6, Lower sample and upper sample of explants treated with 60 mg·L-1 moroxydine hydrochloride; Lanes 7-8, Lower sample and upper sample of control explants.
质量浓度 Mass concentration/ (mg·L-1) | 成活率 Survival rate/% | 侧芽萌发数 Number of sprouting lateral buds | 侧芽长出数 Number of elongating lateral buds | 株高 Plant height/cm | 叶色 Leaf color |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 | 82.20±3.05 b | 1.23±0.53 b | 0.42±1.15 b | 0.96±0.15 b | 绿Green |
40 | 63.57±3.23 c | 1.18±0.20 b | 0.41±0.58 b | 0.50±0.10 c | 绿Green |
60 | 55.43±0.75 d | 0.87±0.53 c | 0.15±0.95 c | 0.19±0.79 d | 绿Green |
0(CK) | 94.63±1.24 a | 2.59±0.65 a | 1.42±0.53 a | 2.23±0.15 a | 绿Green |
表3 利巴韦林处理的组培苗生长状况
Table 3 Growth of tissue culture seedlings treated with ribavirin
质量浓度 Mass concentration/ (mg·L-1) | 成活率 Survival rate/% | 侧芽萌发数 Number of sprouting lateral buds | 侧芽长出数 Number of elongating lateral buds | 株高 Plant height/cm | 叶色 Leaf color |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 | 82.20±3.05 b | 1.23±0.53 b | 0.42±1.15 b | 0.96±0.15 b | 绿Green |
40 | 63.57±3.23 c | 1.18±0.20 b | 0.41±0.58 b | 0.50±0.10 c | 绿Green |
60 | 55.43±0.75 d | 0.87±0.53 c | 0.15±0.95 c | 0.19±0.79 d | 绿Green |
0(CK) | 94.63±1.24 a | 2.59±0.65 a | 1.42±0.53 a | 2.23±0.15 a | 绿Green |
图4 利巴韦林对组培苗的脱毒效果 M,DL 2 000 DNA marker。泳道1~2,利巴韦林20 mg·L-1下部、上部样品;泳道3~4,利巴韦林40 mg·L-1下部、上部样品;泳道5~6,利巴韦林60 mg·L-1上部、下部样品;泳道7~8,对照组外植体下部、上部样品。
Fig.4 Detoxification effect of ribavirin on tissue culture seedlings M, DL 2 000 DNA marker. Lanes 1-2, Ribavirin 20 mg·L-1 lower and upper samples;Lanes 3-4, Ribavirin 40 mg·L-1 lower and upper samples; Lanes 5-6, Ribavirin 60 mg·L-1 upper and upper samples; Lanes 7-8, Control explant lower and upper samples.
处理 treatment | 成活率 Survival rate/% | 侧芽萌发数 Number of sprouting lateral buds | 侧芽长出数 Number of elongating lateral buds | 株高 Plant height/cm | 叶色 Leaf color |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
40 ℃ 12 h | 86.20±2.89 a | 2.09±0.97 a | 1.16±0.98 a | 2.10±0.30 a | 绿Green |
45 ℃ 12 h | 63.00±4.11 b | 1.62±0.62 b | 0.80±0.53 b | 1.46±0.21 b | 绿Green |
40 ℃ 24 h | 81.37±3.25 a | 1.96±0.87 b | 1.00±0.77 b | 1.96±0.06 b | 绿Green |
45 ℃ 24 h | 53.90±3.53 c | 1.15±0.25 c | 0.43±0.53 c | 0.90±0.10 c | 嫩绿Light green |
对照组Control | 87.13±4.59 a | 2.16±0.79 a | 1.22±0.15 a | 2.27±0.15 a | 绿Green |
表4 高温处理组培苗对顶芽生长状况的影响
Table 4 Effects of high temperature on shoot tip growth of tissue culture seedlings
处理 treatment | 成活率 Survival rate/% | 侧芽萌发数 Number of sprouting lateral buds | 侧芽长出数 Number of elongating lateral buds | 株高 Plant height/cm | 叶色 Leaf color |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
40 ℃ 12 h | 86.20±2.89 a | 2.09±0.97 a | 1.16±0.98 a | 2.10±0.30 a | 绿Green |
45 ℃ 12 h | 63.00±4.11 b | 1.62±0.62 b | 0.80±0.53 b | 1.46±0.21 b | 绿Green |
40 ℃ 24 h | 81.37±3.25 a | 1.96±0.87 b | 1.00±0.77 b | 1.96±0.06 b | 绿Green |
45 ℃ 24 h | 53.90±3.53 c | 1.15±0.25 c | 0.43±0.53 c | 0.90±0.10 c | 嫩绿Light green |
对照组Control | 87.13±4.59 a | 2.16±0.79 a | 1.22±0.15 a | 2.27±0.15 a | 绿Green |
图5 高温处理对组培苗的脱毒效果 M,DL 5 000 DNA marker;泳道1,45 ℃处理24 h;泳道2,40 ℃处理24 h;泳道3,45 ℃处理12 h;泳道4,40 ℃处理12 h;泳道5,对照组。
Fig.5 Detoxification effect of high temperature on tissue culture seedlings M, DL 5 000 DNA marker; Lane 1, 45 ℃ for 24 h; Lane 2, 40 ℃ for 24 h; Lane 3, 45 ℃ for 12 h; Lane 4, 40 ℃for 12 h; Lane 5, Control.
处理 Treatment | 成活率 Survival rate/% | 侧芽萌发数 Number of sprouting lateral buds | 侧芽长出数 Number of elongating lateral buds | 株高 Plant height/cm | 叶色 Leaf color |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 ℃ 12 h | 80.83±1.40 b | 1.17±1.00 b | 8.33±1.77 b | 0.68±1.23 b | 嫩绿Light green |
-5 ℃ 12 h | 60.63±2.15 c | 1.09±0.08 c | 5.00±1.00 c | 0.55±0.09 bc | 嫩绿Light green |
0 ℃ 24 h | 55.87±1.79 d | 1.05±0.53 c | 5.33±0.58 bc | 0.45±0.05 c | 嫩绿Light green |
-5 ℃ 24 h | 45.73±0.50 e | 1.01±0.33 d | 4.03±0.98 d | 0.45±0.05 c | 嫩绿Light green |
对照组Control | 87.13±1.15 a | 2.16±0.79 a | 12.00±0.15 a | 2.27±0.15 a | 绿Green |
表5 低温处理组培苗对顶芽生长状况的影响
Table 5 Effects of low temperature on shoot tip growth of tissue culture seedlings
处理 Treatment | 成活率 Survival rate/% | 侧芽萌发数 Number of sprouting lateral buds | 侧芽长出数 Number of elongating lateral buds | 株高 Plant height/cm | 叶色 Leaf color |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 ℃ 12 h | 80.83±1.40 b | 1.17±1.00 b | 8.33±1.77 b | 0.68±1.23 b | 嫩绿Light green |
-5 ℃ 12 h | 60.63±2.15 c | 1.09±0.08 c | 5.00±1.00 c | 0.55±0.09 bc | 嫩绿Light green |
0 ℃ 24 h | 55.87±1.79 d | 1.05±0.53 c | 5.33±0.58 bc | 0.45±0.05 c | 嫩绿Light green |
-5 ℃ 24 h | 45.73±0.50 e | 1.01±0.33 d | 4.03±0.98 d | 0.45±0.05 c | 嫩绿Light green |
对照组Control | 87.13±1.15 a | 2.16±0.79 a | 12.00±0.15 a | 2.27±0.15 a | 绿Green |
图6 低温处理对组培苗的脱毒效果 M,DL 2 000 DNA marker;泳道1,-5 ℃处理24 h;泳道2,0 ℃处理24 h;泳道3,-5 ℃处理12 h;泳道4,0 ℃处理12 h;泳道5,对照组。
Fig.6 Detoxification effect of low temperature on tissue culture seedlings M, DL 2 000 DNA marker; Lane 1,-5 ℃ for 24 h; Lane 2, 0 ℃ for 24 h; Lane 3,-5 ℃ for 12 h; Lane 4, 0 ℃ for 12 h; Lane 5, Control.
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