An AFLP and SSR genetic linkage map was constructed in eggplant（ Solanum melongena L.）with an intraspecific F 2 population derived from a cross between the round eggplant inbred line‘106’and the long eggplant inbred line‘113’. The generated map consisted of 15 linkage groups with 85 AFLP markers and 23 SSR markers，a total coverage of 1 007.9 cM and an average interval of 9.3 cM. The markers distributed randomly across the groups and could be done preliminary QTL mapping in MQM using MapQTL4.0. Two QTLs for fruit shape index were in the 1st and 12th linkage group, and explained 20.8% and 41.5% of phenotypic variances；Five QTLs for fruit length were in the 1st，8th，11th，12th and 14th linkage group，and explained 16.5%，36.8%，9.8%，45.0% and 41.9% phenotypic variances；And two QTLs for fruit width were detected in the 1st and 5th linkage group explaining 16.2% and 15.8% of phenotypic variances. QTLs for fruit shape index，fruit length and fruit diameter were located in the 1st linkage group，and their distance was 3.5 cM with the AFLP marker M23E21B which was closely linked to the fruit shape traits.

以圆茄高代自交系106和长茄高代自交系113为亲本，利用其F 2 群体构建了一张包括23个SSR标记和85个AFLP标记，共15个连锁群的复合遗传图谱。该图谱覆盖基因组长度1 007.9 cM，平均图距9.3 cM，长度和密度符合定位标准。采用MapQTL4.0软件并结合MQM作图法对果形QTL进行定位分析，定位到与果形指数相关的两个QTL，位于第1和第12连锁群上，表型贡献率分别为20.8%和41.5%；与果长相关的5个QTL，位于第1、8、11、12、14连锁群上，表型贡献率分别为16.5%、36.8%、9.8%、45.0%和41.9%；与果径相关的两个QTL，位于第1和第5连锁群上，表型贡献率分别为16.2%和15.8%。果形指数、果长和果径QTL同时定位在第1连锁群上，且与AFLP标记M23E21B距离3.5 cM，表明果形性状与该标记紧密连锁。

In this study，three self-crossed eggplant lines that vary significantly in fruit shape 106（Oblate），114（Short barrel）and 111（Long tube）were used as materials. Artificial measurement and computer photograph analysis were used to obtain fruit shape index and fruit shape triangle index. The inheritance of fruit shape was investigated by a joint segregation analysis of P 1 ，P 2 ，F 1 ，B 1 ，B 2 and F 2 generations. The results showed that fruit shape index in F 2 segregation population of two hybrid crosses（106 × 114，114 × 111）and fruit shape triangle index in F 2 segregation population of hybrid crossⅠfit single peak skewed distribution. The results proved that fruit shape trait is quantitative trait and it was controlled by main genes. The inheritance of eggplant fruit shape fit one additive major gene + additive-dominant polygene model（D-2 model）. The highest major gene heritability was in F 2 population and the highest polygene heritability was in B 2 population. In summary，eggplant fruit shape trait was controled by polygenes，the highest fruit shape selection efficiency was in F 2 .

以果形差异显著的3个茄子高代自交系106（扁圆）、114（短筒）和111（长筒）为试验材料，用人工和计算机图像测定相结合获得果形指数和三角果形指数，通过P 1 、P 2 、F 1 、B 1 、B 2 和F 2 世代联合分析，研究茄子果形性状遗传规律。结果表明：组合Ⅰ（106 × 114）和组合Ⅱ（114 × 111）果形分离群体的果形指数以及组合Ⅰ分离群体的三角果形指数均呈单峰偏态分布，说明茄子果形属于数量性状，存在主基因效应；茄子果形性状符合D-2遗传模型，即符合一对加性主基因 + 加性—显性多基因模型；主基因遗传力以F 2 代最高，多基因遗传力以B 2 代最高。茄子果形性状遗传总体表现出多基因遗传特征，果形选择效率在F 2 代中最高。

【Objective】In this study, the method of cabbage DNA fingerprint was drawn, and fifty cabbage representative varieties from China were fingerprinted with EST-SSR primers to provide reference for variety distinctness, authenticity, and purity identification. 【Method】First, EST-SSR primers were screened by using the technologies of 6% denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and six cabbage varieties that come from different ecogeography. The length of amplified fragments was detected on DNA Analyzer platform using four fluorescent-labels (TAMRA, HEX, ROX and 6-FAM) in 5′end of forward primer, and then defined the reference variety for every alleles. Total twenty core primers were used to establish fifty cabbage varieties SSR fingerprinting, and for ‘Zhonggan 21’ variety identification. 【Result】 Six cabbage varieties of different resources were used to screen 978 EST-SSR primers, out of 128 polymorphic primers were obtained according to the PCR bands stability, high polymorphism information content (PIC), easy discrimination of different alleles and even distribution of molecular markers on each chromosome, and 20 pairs of primers were selected to detect a total of 58 alleles at 20 loci, with 2.22 loci per chromosome and 2.9 alleles per locus on average. The PIC values varied among the primers ranging from 0.34 to 0.76. The length of amplified fragment varied in the range of 143-296 bp. The maximum number of alleles for each primer pairs of BoE607 and BoE723 was five. Fingerprinting database of 50 cabbage representative varieties from China was established with 20 pairs of core primers. The authenticity of ‘Zhonggan 21’ was identified by artificial simulated population and these results were identical with that made from field investigation.【Conclusion】Twenty pairs of core primers were selected and used to establish DNA fingerprint database of 50 cabbage representative varieties from China, and the authenticity of ‘Zhonggan 21’ was identified by artificial simulated population and the accuracy was 100%.

【目的】研究甘蓝DNA指纹鉴定方法,并构建50份中国甘蓝代表品种DNA指纹数据库，为甘蓝品种特异性、真实性、纯度鉴定提供参考依据。【方法】首先，利用6%变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术和来源不同的甘蓝材料对已开发的甘蓝EST-SSR引物进行筛选，获得多态性引物；然后将可用于甘蓝DNA指纹鉴定的核心引物正义链5′末端分别标记TAMRA、HEX、 ROX、6-FAM四种荧光，利用DNA分析仪检测不同等位变异的扩增片段大小，并确定每个等位变异的标准品种。利用核心引物扩增结合标准品种的片段大小，构建中国50个甘蓝代表品种的SSR指纹数据库。通过人工构建模拟群体对‘中甘21’品种真实性进行鉴定，进而对该指纹鉴定技术进行验证。【结果】利用6份来自中国不同生态条件、植物学性状差异较大的甘蓝品种对978对EST-SSR引物进行初步筛选，获得带型清晰、具有多态性的引物128对。进一步根据引物扩增带型清晰、多态性信息指数较高、不同等位变异的带型易于区分、在染色体上分布均匀原则，筛选出20对核心引物。该套引物可以检测甘蓝染色体20个位点的58个等位变异，平均每条染色体上被检测位点2.22个，平均每个位点包含2.9个等位变异，其中引物BoE607、BoE723等位变异数最多为5个，PIC值处于0.34—0.76之间。通过DNA分析仪检测显示等位变异扩增片段长度范围143—296 bp。利用20对核心引物构建50份中国甘蓝代表品种DNA指纹数据库，并阐述了甘蓝SSR-DNA指纹鉴定的应用和技术流程。本研究还对来自甘蓝主产区的31份‘中甘21’品种进行真实性鉴定，结果显示指纹鉴定与田间鉴结果完全一致。【结论】筛选获得20对核心引物，用于构建中国50个甘蓝代表品种DNA指纹数据库，通过构建人工模拟群体对‘中甘21’品种的真实性进行鉴定，准确率达100%。

【Objective】The main cabbage varieties in production were collected and DNA fingerprinting of cabbage varieties were constructed with SNP markers to provide reference for variety distinctness and authenticity identification. 【Method】SNP loci were obtained by aligning resequencing data of 50 cabbage inbred lines to the reference genome of cabbage (02-12). The SNP loci were screened with two criteria: (i) high polymorphism information content (PIC), (ii) evenly distribution on each chromosome. And then KASP primers were designed based on these loci. The KASP platform was used to genotype the fifty-nine cabbage varieties. According to the result of genotyping, core primers were selected with high PIC value, no loci missing and even distribution on each chromosome. These core primers were used to establish SNP fingerprinting of fifty-nine cabbage varieties. Fifteen varieties randomly selected from the fifty-nine main varieties and five new unreleased combinations were mixed together to construct an artificial population. The artificially mixed population was used to validate the core primers in the variety distinctness and authenticity identification. 【Result】Two million five hundred and forty thousand SNP loci were obtained by aligning the resequencing data of fifty cabbage inbred lines to the reference genome of cabbage. Five hundred SNP markers were selected with high PIC value, low missing rates and even distribution on each chromosome, with 55.6 loci per chromosome. 442 of them were successfully transformed into KASP markers, occupying 88.4% of all the 500 SNP markers. The genotyping results showed that twenty-five pairs of KASP primers were unsuccessfully genotyped in more than five materials and were removed from further analysis. The PIC values among the 417 primers ranged from 0.12 to 0.38. The average PIC value was 0.36, showing moderate polymorphism. The number of varieties with heterozygous marker ratio greater than 30% was 57, occupying 88.4% of all the main varieties. The heterozygous marker ratio of ‘Yusheng Zaoshu Niuxin’ was the highest, which reaches 67.8%. Finally, fifty core markers were selected to construct DNA fingerprinting of 59 main varieties. PIC values of 50 core makers ranged from 0.35 to 0.38, and the average PIC was 0.36. The result of cluster analysis of core SNP markers indicated that the genetic similarity coefficient of 59 varieties varied from 0.43 to 0.98. The core SNP markers were validated by artificially mixed population and the results showed that SNP fingerprinting constructed with core markers could be used to identify the variety distinctness and authenticity effectively. 【Conclusion】Two million five hundred and forty thousand SNP loci were obtained by aligning resequencing data of cabbage inbred lines. Fifty pairs of core makers were selected and used to establish DNA fingerprint database of 59 cabbage varieties, and the core SNP markers were validated by artificially mixed population.

【目的】搜集生产上的主要甘蓝品种,构建基于SNP标记的品种指纹图谱,为鉴定甘蓝品种的特异性、真实性提供依据。【方法】首先,利用50个甘蓝高代自交系的重测序数据,与甘蓝参考基因组（02-12）进行比对筛选SNP位点。挑选多态性较好、在染色体上均匀分布的SNP位点,并将其转化为KASP标记,利用KASP平台对供试材料进行检测,得到59个甘蓝品种的基因分型数据。根据基因分型数据,筛选出多态性信息含量（PIC）高、无基因型数据缺失且在染色体上均匀分布的标记作为构建指纹图谱的核心标记。将核心标记的分型结果转化为二元编码数据,获得甘蓝品种SNP-DNA指纹图谱。在59个甘蓝品种中随机挑选15个品种,另外增加5个未推广的新组合用于构建人工虚拟混合群体,并利用此群体对甘蓝品种指纹鉴定技术进行验证,检测核心标记构建的SNP-DNA指纹图谱的准确性与可靠性。【结果】利用重测序数据与参考基因组（02-12）进行比对开发SNP标记,最终获得2.54×106个SNP标记。从中筛选出500个SNP位点用于KASP标记开发,平均每条染色体上55.6个。500个SNP位点中有442个成功转化为KASP标记,转化成功率为88.4%。KASP平台检测结果显示,在442个SNP标记中,有25个位点的未分型材料数>5,在后续分析中去除。剩余417个SNP位点的PIC值的变化范围为0.12—0.38,平均值为0.36,表现为中度多态性。在59个供试甘蓝品种中,全部417个SNP位点的杂合度大于30%的有57个,占所有品种的96.6%。其中,品种‘豫生早熟牛心’的杂合度最高,为67.8%。最终筛选出50个SNP位点作为核心标记,并利用这些标记构建甘蓝主要品种的指纹图谱。50个核心位点的PIC值的变化范围为0.35—0.38,平均值为0.36,其中位点Bol2-56的PIC值最高。基于核心SNP标记的聚类分析结果表明,59个品种的遗传相似系数为0.43—0.98。利用人工虚拟混合群体对核心SNP标记进行了验证,结果表明,利用核心标记可对甘蓝品种的特异性和真实性进行有效鉴定。【结论】基于甘蓝自交系重测序数据进行比对,共获得SNP位点2.54×106个；从中筛选获得50个核心SNP标记用于构建59个甘蓝品种的指纹图谱,并采用人工虚拟混合群体对核心SNP标记进行了验证。

Sea-island cotton ( G. barbadense ), characterized by its extra-long staple (ELS), strong and fine fibers, and disease resistance, provides important natural fiber for textile industry, also key donor for improving agronomic traits of upland cotton. However, compared to G. hirsutum , there are few studies on genetic diversity and genotyping in G. barbadense . To obtain the SNP core loci for fingerprinting construction of sea-island cotton accessions, we performed SNP genotyping within 282 accessions using the CottonSNP80K array. A total of 2594 high-quality SNP loci were obtained based on the selective criteria of call frequency for each locus > 0.95, loci with polymorphism, minor allele frequency (MAF) > 0.01, heterozygosity rate

海岛棉具有纤维品质好、抗病性强等优异性状, 不仅为纺织工业提供优质棉纤维原料, 也是陆地棉相关性状改良的重要供体材料。然而, 与陆地棉相比, 开展海岛棉的遗传多样性和基因分型研究相对较少。本研究基于CottonSNP80K芯片对282份不同来源的海岛棉品种/材料进行基因组SNP分型研究, 以选择高效鉴别海岛棉材料的核心位点组合。按照检出率大于95%、具多态性、最小等位频率(MAF)大于0.01、杂合率小于0.05、无冗余位点等条件筛选, 获得2594个高质量SNP位点。对上述位点设置不同数目梯度筛选, 确定最优核心位点数。随着位点个数的增多, 位点组合对海岛棉材料的识别率逐渐增加。当位点数为200时, 识别率为89%; 位点数提高到1500时, 识别率可达99%。进一步增加位点数, 识别率无显著变化。利用中选的1500个SNP位点检测供试材料, 其平均MAF值0.14, 平均杂合率0.007, 平均多态信息含量0.21。SNP位点的聚丙烯凝胶电泳验证表明, SNP-PCR与芯片分型结果一致性达98.3%。本研究提供了适于海岛棉指纹图谱构建、含1500位点的一套核心SNP位点组合, 可用于海岛棉遗传多样性分析和品种身份鉴定。

【Objective】 DNA fingerprinting database of varieties of melon (Cucumis melo L.) was constructed and the identification method was obtained. 【Method】The simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers were selected using 20 representative melon varieties (lines) for establishing fingerprints of 105 different varieties (lines). 【Result】Out of the 1 219 pairs of SSR primers, 18 pairs were screened to generate polymorphic fingerprints among 105 varieties or inbred lines. The results showed that each pair of the primers could detect 4-14 polymorphic bands with an average of 9. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.68 with a range of 0.55-0.82. The genetic similarity coefficient of the 105 accessions ranged from 0.70 to 0.99. The fingerprint data of all the 18 pairs of core SSR primers were employed to establish the fingerprinting database to distinguish the 105 samples and every accession had its unique fingerprinting. 【Conclusion】 The results indicated that SSR marker is suitable to construction of DNA fingerprinting database of melon varieties and the database could provide reference for melon identification.

【目的】建立甜瓜品种的DNA指纹图谱数据库，实现对甜瓜品种进行快速、准确的鉴定。【方法】应用SSR分子标记技术，首先利用20份具有代表性的甜瓜品种（系）筛选SSR引物，然后对105份不同甜瓜品种（系）进行指纹图谱的构建。【结果】从1 219对SSR引物中筛选出18对引物为105份材料形成了多态性的指纹图谱，其中每对引物可以检测到4—14条数目不等的多态性条带，平均为9条；多态性信息含量（PIC）平均为0.68，变化范围为0.55—0.82。105份材料间的相似系数为0.70—0.99。利用这18对SSR核心引物构建的指纹图谱库能够有效区分所有供试材料，并且为每份材料建立了一份独特的指纹图谱。【结论】SSR标记适于构建甜瓜品种  （系）的DNA指纹图谱库，可为甜瓜品种鉴定提供依据。