浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (10): 2138-2149.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240435

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

水稻田夏熟杂草多样性特征对不同轮作模式的响应

徐伟东(), 陆强(), 姚张良, 王晖, 王瑞森, 郎淑平   

  1. 嘉兴市农业科学研究院,浙江 嘉兴 314016
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-15 出版日期:2025-10-25 发布日期:2025-11-13
  • 作者简介:徐伟东(1986—),男,浙江海盐人,硕士,高级农艺师,主要从事农作物病虫害防治技术研究与推广工作。E-mail: wdxu@zju.edu.cn
  • 通讯作者: 陆强,E-mail: jxluqiang@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省科技计划(2022C02035);嘉兴市公益性研究专项(2025CGZ067);市级农科院联盟区域示范性项目(2023SJLM09);嘉兴市科技特派员专项(K2022C018);桐乡市高桥农业科技园区建设项目(2021E70009)

Response of diversity characteristics of summer weeds in rice fields to different rotation patterns

XU Weidong(), LU Qiang(), YAO Zhangliang, WANG Hui, WANG Ruisen, LANG Shuping   

  1. Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiaxing 314016, Zhejiang, China
  • Received:2024-05-15 Online:2025-10-25 Published:2025-11-13

摘要: 为明确连续多年轮作后不同模式下稻田夏熟杂草群落特征及物种多样性组成,采用稻休轮作、稻油轮作及稻麦轮作模式,对夏熟杂草群落进行调查,对不同杂草的相对优势度和不同轮作模式下的物种丰富度、辛普森指数、香农-威纳指数、Pielou均匀度指数进行分析,测算不同杂草的生态位宽度,并就不同杂草与轮作模式的关系开展对应分析。结果表明,稻休轮作模式下,夏熟杂草有33种,主要优势种(相对优势度≥3)有看麦娘(Alopecurus aequalis Sobol.)、菵草[Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern.]、齿果酸模(Rumex dentatus L.)、碎米荠(Cardamine occulta Hornem.)、一年蓬[Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers.]、泥胡菜[Hemisteptia lyrata(Bunge) Fischer & C. A. Meyer]、蛇床[Cnidium monnieri(L.) Spreng.]、通泉草[Mazus pumilus(N. L. Burman) Steenis]、牛繁缕[Stellaria aquatica (L.) Scop.]、酸模叶蓼[Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre]、甜茅[Glyceria acutiflora subsp. japonica(Steud.) T.Koyana & Kawano]、长芒棒头草[Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf.]、雀舌草(Stellaria alsine Grimm)、拟鼠麹草[Pseudognaphalium affine (D. Don) Anderberg]、钻叶紫菀[Symphyotrichum subulatum(Michaux) G. L. Nesom]、棒头草(Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steud.)、野老鹳草(Geranium carolinianum L.);稻油模式下,夏熟杂草有18种,主要优势种为菵草、大巢菜(Vicia sativa L.)、看麦娘、一年蓬、蛇床、野老鹳草、稻槎菜[Lapsanastrum apogonoides(Maximowicz) Pak & K. Bremer]、泥胡菜、拟鼠麹草、牛繁缕、通泉草、球序卷耳(Cerastium glomeratum Thuill.)、钻叶紫菀、雀舌草;稻麦模式下,夏熟杂草有22种,主要优势种有菵草、猪殃殃(Galium spurium L.)、看麦娘、通泉草、一年蓬、稻槎菜、蛇床、牛繁缕、碎米荠、拟鼠麹草、球序卷耳、齿果酸模、泥胡菜、钻叶紫菀、日本看麦娘(Alopecurus japonicus Steud.)。生态位宽度分析表明,当地3种轮作模式下,看麦娘、一年蓬、泥胡菜、蛇床、通泉草、钻叶紫菀、拟鼠麹草、菵草、齿果酸模、稻槎菜具有较高的生态位宽度。对应分析表明,大巢菜、野老鹳草、泥胡菜等较适宜在稻油轮作田生长,猪殃殃、通泉草、球序卷耳等较适宜在稻麦轮作田生长,看麦娘、牛繁缕、稻槎菜等均能适应稻油和稻麦轮作。3种轮作模式下,浙北地区小麦田和油菜田的杂草物种丰富度显著(p<0.05)低于休耕田,而稻油轮作模式的油菜田杂草物种丰富度显著低于稻麦轮作模式的小麦田。

关键词: 水稻田, 夏熟杂草, 轮作, 生物多样性

Abstract:

To clarify the community characteristics and species diversity composition of summer weeds in paddy fields after continuous years of rotation, three rotation patterns, including rice-fallow rotation, rice-rape rotation, and rice-wheat rotation, were implemented. Surveys were conducted on the summer weed communities in fields, and the relative dominance of different weeds, species richness, Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index, and Pielou evenness index were analyzed under each rotation system. Niche breadths of different weeds and correspondence analysis of different rotation systems were also performed. Results showed that under the rice-fallow rotation, there were 33 species of summer weeds, with dominant species including Alopecurus aequalis Sobol., Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern., Rumex dentatus L., Cardamine occulta Hornem., Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers., Hemisteptia lyrata(Bunge) Fischer & C. A. Meyer, Cnidium monnieri(L.) Spreng., Mazus pumilus(N. L. Burman) Steenis, Stellaria aquatica (L.) Scop., Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre, Glyceria acutiflora subsp. japonica(Steud.) T. Koyana & Kawano, Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf., Stellaria alsine Grimm, Pseudognaphalium affine (D. Don) Anderberg, Symphyotrichum subulatum(Michaux) G. L. Nesom, Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steud., Geranium carolinianum L.. Under the rice-rape rotation, 18 weed species were identified, with dominant species including B. syzigachne, Vicia sativa L., A. aequalis, E. annuus, C. monnieri, G. carolinianum, Lapsanastrum apogonoides(Maximowicz) Pak & K. Bremer, H. lyrata, P. affine, S. aquatica, M. pumilus, Cerastium glomeratum Thuill., S. subulatum, S. alsine. The rice-wheat rotation had 22 weed species, dominated by B. syzigachne, Galium spurium L., A. aequalis, M. pumilus, E. annuus, L. apogonoides, C. monnieri, S. aquatica, C. occulta, P. affine, C. glomeratum, R. dentatus, H. lyrata, S. subulatum, Alopecurus japonicus Steud.. Niche breadth analysis indicated that A. aequalis, E. annuus, H. lyrata, C. monnieri, M. pumilus, S. subulatum, P. affine, B. syzigachne, R. dentatus, L. apogonoidesexhibited broader ecological niches among three rotation systems. Correspondence analysis revealed that V. sativa, G. carolinianum, and H. lyrata were better suited to rice-rape rotation fields, while G. spurium, M. pumilus, C. glomeratum thrived in rice-wheat rotation fields. Weeds like A. aequalis, M. aquaticum, and L. apogonoides adapted well to both rice-rape and rice-wheat rotation system. In northern Zhejiang Province of China, weed species richness in wheat and rape fields under rotation was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that in fallow fields. Furthermore, species richness in rape fields under rice-rape rotation was significantly lower than that in wheat fields under rice-wheat rotation.

Key words: paddy field, summer weed, crop rotation, biodiversity

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