牡蛎壳对凡纳对虾生长性能和水质的作用效果及其表面菌群特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240840

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (7): 1441-1450.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240840

牡蛎壳对凡纳对虾生长性能和水质的作用效果及其表面菌群特征

黄贤克¹^,²^,³(), 黄晓林¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 张翔¹^,²^,³, 李敏¹^,²^,³, 蔡逸龙¹^,²^,³, 陈然¹^,²^,³

1.浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所,浙江温州 325005
2.全省近岸生物种质资源保护与利用重点实验室,浙江温州 325005
3.温州市海洋生物遗传育种重点实验室,浙江温州 325005

收稿日期:2024-10-08 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-08-20
作者简介:黄贤克(1981—),男,浙江乐清人,学士,工程师,研究方向为海水养殖。E-mail:17329980@qq.com
通讯作者: ^*黄晓林,E-mail:xiaolinnlh@hotmail.com
基金资助:
浙江省基础公益研究计划(LGN21C190008)

Effects of oyster shells on the growth performance of Penaeus vannamei and water quality, and microbial community characteristics on shell surfaces

HUANG Xianke¹^,²^,³(), HUANG Xiaolin¹^,²^,³^,^*(), ZHANG Xiang¹^,²^,³, LI Min¹^,²^,³, CAI Yilong¹^,²^,³, CHEN Ran¹^,²^,³

1. Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325005, Zhejiang, China
2. Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Coastal Biological Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Wenzhou 325005, Zhejiang, China
3. Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding, Wenzhou 325005, Zhejiang, China

Received:2024-10-08 Online:2025-07-25 Published:2025-08-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在凡纳对虾养殖中,添加牡蛎壳能改善养殖水质和凡纳对虾生长状况。但牡蛎壳原位水质处理对水质和凡纳对虾生长的影响,以及牡蛎壳生物膜微生物群落组成及其动态演替仍缺乏系统的研究。为探究添加牡蛎壳对凡纳对虾生长性能和养殖水质的影响,本研究通过设置对照组、牡蛎壳低添加量组(体积分数1‰)、牡蛎壳中添加量组(体积分数2‰)、牡蛎壳高添加量组(体积分数4‰),比较不同添加量的牡蛎壳对凡纳对虾生长指标的影响,分析牡蛎壳表面细菌群落分布特征。结果显示,添加牡蛎壳能显著提高凡纳对虾的存活率(F=9.222,P=0.006)、体长(F=13.267,P=0.002)和体重(F=8.102,P=0.008),低添加量组的存活率(90.73%)显著低于中添加量组(97.50%)和高添加量组(99.17%)。添加牡蛎壳还能提高养殖水中磷酸盐含量(F=52.509,P<0.001),降低亚硝酸盐含量(F=7.323,P=0.011),提高硝酸盐含量(F=23.615,P<0.001)。在牡蛎壳表面生物膜中,黏着杆菌属(Tenacibaculum)随着养殖进程推进相对丰度显著下降,硝化螺旋菌属(Nitrospira)和鲁杰氏菌属(Ruegeria)随着养殖进程推进,相对丰度显著升高。生物膜中硝化螺旋菌属相对丰度的升高,加速了养殖体系中氮循环从亚硝酸盐到硝酸盐的变化,从而改善水质,提高凡纳对虾存活率、体长和体重。本研究对凡纳对虾养殖中的牡蛎壳添加具有指导意义,且为探究牡蛎壳生物膜对水质改善和凡纳对虾健康的促进机理提供了理论基础。

关键词: 牡蛎壳, 生物膜, 凡纳对虾, 氮循环, 水质改善

Abstract:

In the cultivation of Penaeus vannamei, the addition of oyster shells can improve water quality and enhance shrimp growth. However, the effects of in situ water quality treatment by oyster shells on water quality and shrimp growth, as well as the composition and dynamic succession of microbial communities in oyster shell biofilms, remain inadequately studied. To investigate the effects of adding oyster shells on the growth performance of Penaeus vannamei and aquaculture water quality, this study established a control group and three experimental groups with low (volume fraction 1‰), medium (volume fraction 2‰), and high (volume fraction 4‰) oyster shell additions, comparing their impacts on the growth metrics of Penaeus vannamei and analyzing the distribution characteristics of bacterial communities on the surface of the oyster shells. Results showed that the addition of oyster shells significantly increased the shrimp survival rate (F=9.222, P=0.006), body length (F=13.267, P=0.002), and body weight (F=8.102, P=0.008), the survival rate of the low addition group (90.73%) was significantly lower than that of the medium addition group (97.50%) and the high addition group (99.17%). The addition of oyster shells also increased phosphate content (F=52.509, P<0.001), decreased nitrite content (F=7.323, P=0.011), and increased nitrate content (F=23.615, P <0.001). In the biofilm, the relative abundance of Tenacibaculum significantly decreased as the aquaculture process progressed, while the relative abundance of Nitrospira and Ruegeria significantly increased. The increased relative abundance of Nitrospira in the biofilm accelerated the nitrogen cycle from nitrite to nitrate in the aquaculture system, thereby improving water quality and enhancing shrimp survival rate, body length and body weight. This study provided guidance on the addition of oyster shells in shrimp cultivation and offered a theoretical basis for further exploration of the mechanisms by which oyster shell biofilms improve water quality and promote shrimp health.

Key words: oyster shell, biofilm, Penaeus vannamei, nitrogen cycle, water quality improvement

中图分类号:

S968.22

黄贤克, 黄晓林, 张翔, 李敏, 蔡逸龙, 陈然. 牡蛎壳对凡纳对虾生长性能和水质的作用效果及其表面菌群特征[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(7): 1441-1450.

HUANG Xianke, HUANG Xiaolin, ZHANG Xiang, LI Min, CAI Yilong, CHEN Ran. Effects of oyster shells on the growth performance of Penaeus vannamei and water quality, and microbial community characteristics on shell surfaces[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(7): 1441-1450.

图/表 6

图1 不同处理凡纳对虾的存活率、体长和体重 C,对照组;L,牡蛎壳低添加量组;M,牡蛎壳中添加量组;H,牡蛎壳高添加量组。*,P<0.05;**,P< 0.01;***,P<0.001。下同。

Fig.1 Survival rate, body length and body weight of Penaeus vannamei under different treatments C, Control group; L, Low oyster shell addition; M, Medium oyster shell addition; H, High oyster shell addition. *, P <0.05; **, P<0.01; ***, P<0.001. The same as below.

图2 不同处理的水化指标

Fig.2 Hydration indicators under different treatments

图3 水化指标与凡纳对虾生长指标的相关性 *, P <0.05; **, P <0.01; ***, P <0.001.

Fig.3 Correlation between hydration indicators and Penaeus vannamei growth indicators

图4 牡蛎壳表面生物膜属水平细菌的相对丰度 L,牡蛎壳低添加量组;M,牡蛎壳中添加量组;H,牡蛎壳高添加量组。

Fig.4 Relative abundance of genus-level bacteria in the biofilm on the surface of shell surfaces L, Low oyster shell addition; M, Medium oyster shell addition; H, High oyster shell additions.

图5 第56天属水平细菌的相对丰度 L,牡蛎壳低添加量组;M,牡蛎壳中添加量组;H,牡蛎壳高添加量组。*,P< 0.05;**,P< 0.01;***,P< 0.001。

Fig.5 Bacterial abundance at the genus level on day 56 L, Low oyster shell addition; M, Medium oyster shell addition; H, High oyster shell additions. *, P <0.05; **, P<0.01; ***, P<0.001.

图6 属水平细菌的相对丰度与水化、凡纳对虾生长指标的相关性 *, P <0.05; **, P <0.01; ***, P<0.001.

Fig.6 Correlation between bacterial genus-level abundance and hydration indicators, Penaeus vannamei growth indicators

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牡蛎壳对凡纳对虾生长性能和水质的作用效果及其表面菌群特征

Effects of oyster shells on the growth performance of Penaeus vannamei and water quality, and microbial community characteristics on shell surfaces

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