Soil pollution often involves a combination of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, pollutants enter the plant through the root system, seriously endangering the safety of crop production. In order to study the effect of compound pollution on crops, pot experiment was carried out to analyze the effects of single additions of phenanthrene and copper, as well as their combined addition, on rice physiological and biochemical properties and copper and phenanthrene accumulation in rice roots at tillering stage. The results showed that the electrolyte permeability of rice under combined pollution of phenanthrene and copper was 16.08 percentage points higher than phenanthrene treatment; the activities of peroxidase and catalase in rice root were significantly (P<0.05) decreased under the pollution treatment, but there was no significant difference between combined pollution treatment and single pollution treatment. The content of phenanthrene in rice roots and rhizosphere under combined pollution of copper and phenanthrene were 0.59 mg·kg^-1 and 6.51 mg·kg^-1, respectively, which were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those in phenanthrene treatment (0.01 mg·kg^-1 and 3.63 mg·kg^-1). The content of copper in the rice roots was ranged from 48.28 to 74.18 mg·kg^-1, there was no significant difference in copper content between the combined pollution treatment and the single pollution treatment. In conclusion, copper-phenanthrene combined pollution did not enhance the inhibition of antioxidant enzyme activities in rice, significantly increased the content of phenanthrene in rice root and rhizosphere soil, and aggravated phenanthrene pollution.

The rice stem borer disaster causes serious damage to rice production in China. However, the genetic mechanisms of stem borer resistance in rice is still unknown, and the breeding of stem borer resistant rice variety faces big challenges. In this study, a set of chromosome segment substitution lines with japonica rice ‘Nipponbare’ as the donor and indica rice ‘9311’ as the recipient were used as materials to conduct a genetic analysis of the traits related to resistance to the rice stem borer. Five quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to resistance to the rice stem borer were identified in the rice genome. Through phenotypic analysis of the relevant substitution lines, it was found that four QTLs derived from japonica rice ‘Nipponbare’ (qRSB1, qRSB3, qRSB4, and qRSB6) could significantly enhance the resistance of indica rice ‘9311’ to the rice stem borer. Meanwhile, based on the genotypic identification results of the relevant substitution lines, the candidate intervals of each QTL in the rice genome were initially determined through physical mapping. The above research results provide a basis for the further fine mapping and candidate gene isolation of these stem borer resistance QTLs and would be beneficial to the breeding of stem borer resistant rice varieties in future.

In order to realize the utilization of river sludge, different volume ratios (T1, 8∶2; T2, 7∶3; T3, 6∶4; T4, 5∶5; T5, 4∶6; T6, 3∶7) of river sludge and local organic materials were mixed to make nutrient soil for rice seedling, as well as rice variety Nanjing 9108 selected as the test material for two seasons. The physical and chemical properties, heavy metals content and potential ecological risk of different nutrient soils were determined, and their effects on the comprehensive quality of rice seedlings were studied, to reveal the application potential of these nutrient soils made from rive sludge for machine-transplanted rice seedlings. The results indicated that these prepared nutrient soils effectively reduced the bulk density of rive sludge, and increased the total porosity as well as the contents of organic matter and total nitrogen. The total amount of cadmium, chromium, lead, arsenic and mercury in these nutrient soils did not exceed the limits of the relevant standards, the pollution level was safe, and the potential ecological risk was slight. Among the 6 nutrient soils, the T2 treatment showed the best performance. Compared with the pure paddy soil, the plant height of rice seedlings under T2 treatment was significantly (P<0.05) increased by 25.80%-57.49%, and its dry weight of root, total root length, root surface area, root volume, strong seedling index and growth function were significantly superior, which could meet the standard for machine-transplanted rice seedling and the requirements of operation quality, showing good adaptability. To sum up, it has a strong feasibility to produce nutrient soil for seedling from river sludge, and the seedling effect could be better than the paddy soil with the appropriate formula.

This study aimed to investigate the molecular and genetic characteristics of bovine enteroviruses (BEV) and further explore their features and molecular epidemiology. Five pairs of specific primers were designed to amplify and sequence the full-length genomes of the BEVHeN-B78 (EV-E) and HeN-YR91 (EV-F) strains using PCR. After sequencing, the full genomes were assembled, proofread, and analyzed for homology. The results showed that BEVHeN-B78 genome was 7 453 nt long, with a coding region of 6 523 nt, a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 812 nt, and a 3'UTR of 118 nt. The HeN-YR91 genome was 7 460 nt, with a coding region of 6 502 nt, a 5'UTR of 825 nt, and a 3'UTR of 133 nt. Homology analysis showed that the HeN-B78 strain shared 75.9% to 88.0% similarity with species E, while HeN-YR91 shared 74.6% to 82.4% similarity with species F. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome and the VP1-VP4, 2B, 2C, and 3A-3D gene regions, confirmed that the HeN-B78 strain clustered with EV-E and the HeN-YR91 strain with EV-F. In conclusion, this study confirms the presence of bovine enterovirus species E and F in cattle farms in Henan Province, contributing valuable data to GenBank database of BEV in China.

To investigate the impact of slaughter weight on carcass traits and meat flavor indexes, providing theoretical support for the breeding and commercial promotion of high-quality pigs. Using the self-developed ‘Lvjiahei’ pig as subjects, castrated boars with body weights of 90, 100, 110, 120, and 130 kg were slaughtered in a standardized slaughterhouse. Carcass traits were measured, and muscle tissue samples were collected to analyze the meat quality flavor indicators of the longissimus dorsi, aiming to determine the optimal slaughter weight range. The results showed that carcass length, back fat thickness, and eye muscle area were significantly positively correlated with slaughter weight. The carcass length of ‘Lvjiahei’ pigs weighing 100 and 110 kg was significantly(P<0.05) longer than that of pigs weighing 90 kg but significantly(P<0.05) shorter than that of pigs weighing 130 kg. The back fat thickness ranged from 2.83 to 3.71 cm, with pigs weighing 120 and 130 kg having significantly(P<0.05) thicker backfat compared to those weighing 90 and 100 kg. The eye muscle area of pigs weighing 130 kg was significantly (P<0.05) larger than that of pigs weighing 90 kg. Slaughter weight was significantly positively correlated with marbling score, meat color score, and redness a^* value, but significantly negatively correlated with crushing loss, cooking loss, and shear force. There were significant differences(P<0.05) between the marbling score, crushing loss, cooking loss, and shear force of pigs weighing 130 kg and those weighing 90 kg. The meat color score and redness a^* value of pigs weighing 110 kg were significantly higher(P<0.05) than those of pigs weighing 90 kg, with no significant differences observed with other weights. The intramuscular fat(IMF) content ranged from 3.41% to 4.61%, showing an increasing trend with weight, although the difference was not significant(P>0.05). Analysis of the longissimus dorsi of pigs weighing 90, 110, and 130 kg revealed significant differences(P<0.05) in the ratio of oleic acid, linoleic acid, monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) among different slaughter weights. The oleic acid and MUFA ratio increased with weight, while linoleic acid and PUFA ratio gradually decreased. The activities of lipoprotein lipase(LPL), acetyl-CoA carboxylase(ACC), succinate dehydrogenase(SDH), malate dehydrogenase(MDH), hormone-sensitive lipase(HSL), and fatty acid synthase(FASN) were highest in pigs weighing 110 kg, in the order of 110 kg>130 kg>90 kg. In conclusion, when the slaughter weight of ‘Lvjiahei’ pigs reaches 100-110 kg, the back fat thickness reaches 2.9-3.3 cm, IMF content exceeds 4%, and the meat color redness a^* value is above 18, with muscle quality approaching or surpassing that of some local indigenous pig breeds. These findings provide a basis for the expansion and industrial promotion of the ‘Lvjiahei’ pig population.

In order to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyricum on muscle fiber types, colonic microbial structure and short-chain fatty acids content in mice, fourteen C57BL/6J male mice were selected and divided into CB and NC groups randomly with 7 mice in each group. The mice in CB group were treated by oral gavage with 200 μL C. butyricum suspension (10⁸ CFU·mL^-1) for 8 weeks, while the mice in the NC group were given an equal amount of saline. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), 16S rRNA gene sequencing and gas chromatography were used to determine the changes of muscle fiber type gene expression, intestinal microflora structure and short-chain fatty acids content in gastrocnemius muscle of mice. It was shown that the difference in muscle fiber diameter between the NC and CB groups was not significant, yet the cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle fibers was significantly (P<0.05) increased in the CB group than that in the NC group. Compared with the NC group, mRNA levels of MyHC I and MyHC IIa were significantly increased in the CB group, yet the mRNA level of MyHC IIb was significantly decreased. The abundance of Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria in the intestine of the CB group was significantly increased than that of the NC group, yet the abundance of Firmicutes in the CB group was significantly decreased. The abundance of Roseburia, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides were significantly increased in the CB group than that of the NC group. The interactions between the intestinal microflora of mice in the CB group were more closely related than those in the NC group. Metabolic pathways such as citrate cycle, pantothenate and coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, and fatty acid metabolism were significantly activated in the intestinal microflora of the CB group as compared with the NC group. The contents of total short-chain fatty acids, acetic acid and butyric acid in the colon of CB group were significantly higher than those in the NC group. In conclusion, Clostridium butyricum treatment affected the expression of genes related to muscle fiber types in mice by regulating the intestinal microflora and short-chain fatty acids produced by the bacteria, hence promoted the transformation of muscle fiber types.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a coronavirus that causes highly contagious acute intestinal infectious diseases and seriously threatens the healthy development of pig industry. Butyric acid, as a feed additive, is widely used in pig farming. It not only serves as an energy source but also participates in regulating gene expression, anti-inflammatory responses, cell cycle and other vital movements. However, the mechanism of butyric acid in PEDV infection remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effect of butyric acid on PEDV replication and its underlying mechanisms. Using techniques such as real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blot, and immunofluorescence, the impact of butyric acid treatment on PEDV replication was assessed. Additionally, cell cycle-related protein expression analysis and flow cytometry were used to study the effects of PEDV infection on the cell cycle and the regulatory role of butyric acid. The results demonstrated that butyric acid treatment significantly inhibited PEDV replication in IPEC-J2 cells. PEDV infection upregulated the expression of the cell cycle-related protein Cyclin A2 and induced S-phase (DNA synthesis phase) arrest to facilitate its own replication. Butyric acid alleviated PEDV-induced S-phase arrest by downregulating Cyclin A2 expression, thereby exerting its antiviral effects. In conclusion, butyric acid inhibits viral replication by modulating the cell cycle and mitigating PEDV-induced S-phase arrest. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of butyric acid as an antiviral strategy in animal production.

This study aimed to investigate the regulatory impact of exogenous auxins on the stem straightness of Paeonia lactiflora. The research focused on four peony varieties, including the upright cultivars Dafugui and Yangfei Chuyu, as well as the bending cultivars Chuitouhong and Qihua Lushuang. Experiments were conducted using four mass concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at five different stages of growth and development to observe changes in stem morphology, and anatomical structure. The results showed that IAA treatments could decrease flower stem angle and enhance the flower stem straightness, with the exception of Chuitouhong. Additionally, the IAA treatment led to a reduction in flower stem length for Dafugui, Yangfei Chuyu, and Chuitouhong, while significantly increasing the flower stem diameter of Yangfei Chuyu and Qihua Lushuang. Overall, 100 mg·L^-1 and 150 mg·L^-1 were found to be suitable for regulating the flower stem straightness of P. lactiflora, as excessive mass concentrations affected flower development. Anatomical analysis showed that IAA treatment advanced vascular tissue development and promoted lignification in four cultivars, and it increased the number and the width of vascular bundles at the early and middle stages of flower stem development for the three varieties, except Chuitouhong, while decreasing the cortical cell layers, cortex thickness, and pith area proportion of flower stem, with slight variations among different varieties. These suggested that IAA treatment can enhance the early development of vascular tissue in flower stems of P. lactiflora cultivars, promote flower stem maturation, reduce flower stem length or increase flower stem diameter to enhance flower stem straightness. Qihua Lushuang may exhibit more potential for flower stem straightness compared to Chuitouhong. These offer valuable insights for the selection of cut flower cultivars and the enhancement of flower stem traits.

To clarify the applicability of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multispectral remote sensing in the assessment of the damage severity caused by Chilo suppressalis on early rice, diversified damage ratios were artificially created by spraying different pesticides with varying frequencies. The reflectance of 6 bands, namely, b1 (450 nm), b2 (555 nm), b3 (660 nm), b4 (720 nm), b5 (750 nm) and b6 (840 nm) was acquired by utilizing UAV multispectral image, and the crop growth and environmental information were obtained in the field. Six machine learning models, including linear regression, support vector machine, random forest, ridge regression, Lasso regression (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression) and Bayesian regression, were employed to establish relationships between the multispectral data acquired during three periods and the determined damage ratio of Chilo suppressalis. It was shown that the support vector machine with two-phase (heading stage and wax ripening stage) data could better reflect the real damage of Chilo suppressalis on early rice, and the predicted result was relatively consistent with the real situation in the field. This study preliminarily proved that the support vector machine with two-phase data obtained by UAV multispectral remote sensing could be used to evaluate the damage degree of Chilo suppressalis on early rice, which could provide theoretical basis and reference for the development of intelligent plant protection.

To assess the occurrence of viral diseases in chili peppers in Xunhua County, Haidong City, Qinghai Province, and to investigate the factors contributing to symptoms such as leaf curling and stunting, this study collected suspected viral samples from chili cultivation areas in September 2023. Utilizing reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection, results indicated that 8 out of 19 symptomatic chili samples were confirmed to be infected with Chilli veinal mottle virus(ChiVMV), yielding a detection rate of 42%. The complete RNA genome of the virus was determined to be 9 754 nt in length. Genomic sequencing and analysis revealed a significant recombination event in the Qinghai isolate, leading to sequence variations in certain genomic regions when compared to other ChiVMV isolates. The nucleotide sequence identity of the Qinghai isolate ranged from 84% to 100% compared to isolates from Hefei, Ningbo, Kunming, Luzhou, and Suzhou in China, as well as those from India and Pakistan. This study represents the first detection of ChiVMV in chili peppers in Xunhua County, Qinghai Province, and provides the complete genomic sequence of the virus. These findings contribute valuable insights and empirical data for the development of resistant cultivars and the management of related viral diseases, thereby enhancing our understanding of viral genetic variation and its epidemiological dynamics across different regions.

The piggery wastewater might be an important reservoir of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment. In the present study, the characteristics of water quality, bacteria community and ARGs in swine wastewater and surrounding water environment were explored. Samples were gathered from the effluent from biochemical treatment of piggery wastewater, the irrigation ditch near the farm boundary, the storage tank of underground water, and the pond in pig farm, and were marked as MW, IW, UW, PW, respectively, for short. Then, a series of water quality parameters were analyzed, and 16S rRNA sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR was used to research the bacteria community and the abundance of ARGs in each sample, respectively. Results indicated that the chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen content and total phosphorus content were significantly (P<0.05) higher in MW than the others, as well as its absolute abundance of detected ARGs. The UW had the best water quality and the fewest bacterial diversity and richness among the four samples. The pathogens, i.e. Acinetobacter, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Pseudomonas, were detected in these four samples, and the major ARGs were tetracycline (tetQ and tetW) and macrolide (ermB) in MW and IW. Moreover, the correlation analysis revealed that the bacteria in the piggery wastewater were the primary hosts of ARGs, of which the relative abundance presented positive correlations with the absolute abundance of the most detected ARGs. Overall, the high water pollution indices, pathogen diversity, and ARGs abundance in MW might threaten the surrounding water environment of pig farm, thus essential emission on standard and further disinfection procedures should be implemented for piggery wastewater treatment.

Soil sterilization is an important method to study the ecological function of microorganisms, but the effect of sterilization on the physiochemical properties of lateritic red soil in south China is still unclear. To investigate the effect of sterilization on physiochemical properties of lateritic red soil, five typical sterilization methods (chloroform fumigation, gamma radiation, autoclaving and dry heat sterilization for 3 h or 6 h) were introduced, as well as the non-sterilized soil taken as the control, to evaluate the sterilization effect of these sterilization methods and their effect on soil physicochemical properties. The results showed that gamma radiation had the least impact on the chemical properties of lateritic red soil, which could be the prefer choice for soil sterilization with special equipment needed and high treatment cost. Autoclaving and chloroform fumigation had big influence on soil carbon and nitrogen content. Dry heat sterilization had pronounced impact on the content of available nutrients and dissolved organic carbon components in soil. Therefore, the appropriate sterilization method should be carefully selected according to the research purpose to obtain reliable test results.

Rice-duck farming is a new type of ecological farming mode for sustainable development, which could increase the rice yield, enhance the quality of rice and duck meat, control weeds and pests in the paddy field, improve the soil texture and reduce the comprehensive greenhouse effect. It is an effective farming mode for the development of recycling agriculture and food safety. In this paper, the mechanism, application status and key technical points of rice-duck farming were introduced, and its economic and environmental effects were reviewed, to provide references for the popularization and application of rice-duck farming.

To improve the resource utilization of Dendrobium officinale leaves, this study aimed to investigate the effects of lactic acid bacteria fermentation on the quality and flavor components of a blueberry-D. officinale leaf composite beverage, with the goal of developing a fermented beverage with unique taste, nutritional value, and health benefits. Using blueberries and D. officinale leaves as the main raw materials and Lactobacillus plantarum as the fermentation strain, a composite fermented beverage was prepared. Single-factor and orthogonal experiments were conducted to optimize the volume ratio of blueberry juice to D. officinale leaf juice, addition mass fraction of sugar, inoculation volume fraction of Lactobacillus plantarum, and fermentation time, thereby determining the optimal fermentation parameters. The results showed that the optimal fermentation parameters were a blueberry juice to D. officinale leaf juice ratio of 1:1, addition mass fraction of sugar of 6%, inoculation volume fraction of L. plantarum of 2%, and fermentation time of 48 h. Under these conditions, the fermented beverage exhibited a pleasant sweet-sour taste, with a soluble solid content of 9.47%, total sugar content of 56.28 mg·mL^-1, total phenolic content of 1.80 mg·mL^-1, anthocyanin content of 13.21 mg·L^-1, and a sensory score of 84.50. Compared to the pre-fermentation state, the DPPH, ABTS⁺, and hydroxyl radical scavenging rates increased by 13.50%, 11.00%, and 17.88%, respectively. Additionally, 73 volatile flavor compounds were detected, primarily esters, alcohols, aldehydes, and phenols, with higher concentrations of ethyl nonanoate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, linalool, 1-nonanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 1-heptanol, and 1-pentanol. Fermentation promoted the conversion of acids to esters, significantly increasing the ester content and imparting a fresh, sweet, and smooth taste to the beverage. Lactic acid bacteria fermentation significantly improved the quality and flavor of the blueberry-D. officinale leaf composite beverage, enhancing its antioxidant activity and nutritional value. This study provides a new approach for the deep processing and high-value utilization of agricultural by-products, demonstrating significant application potential.

Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra) has high nutritional value and unique flavor. In this study, Lactobacillus plantarum was used to ferment bayberry pulp, and the optimal fermentation process was investigated using one-way and orthogonal tests, and the effects of different fermentation levels on the functional components, antioxidant capacity and flavor components of bayberry pulp were analyzed. The results showed that the optimal fermentation process of bayberry pulp was as follows: solid-liquid ratio of 2∶1, initial pH of 6.0, alginate addition amount of 8%, and bacterial addition amount of 0.8%. After 48 h of fermentation under these process conditions, the content of functional compounds in bayberry pulp was significantly (P<0.05) increased, as the contents of total phenols, total flavonoids and total anthocyanosides reached 1.83 μmol·mL^-1, 5.54 mg·mL^-1 and 31.56 μg·mL^-1, respectively; and the antioxidant activity was also significantly enhanced, with the DPPH radical scavenging rate, ABTS⁺ radicals scavenging rate, hydroxyl radical scavenging rate and total antioxidant capacity being 80.30%, 83.95%, 65.97% and 24.20 mmol·L^-1, respectively. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) and principal component analysis showed that the relative contents of alcohols, aldehydes and olefins increased in the fermented bayberry pulp, and the pulp fermented for 48 h retained the fruity, woody and fatty flavors of bayberry with the best quality.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of microwave-assisted superheated steam heating on the physicochemical property and sensory quality of pork batters, which was prepared from pork shoulder meat. Microwave (MW), superheated steam (SHS), microwave-assisted steam (MS), and microwave-assisted superheated steam (MSHS) were used for heating of pork batters. The pH value, color, moisture content, cooking loss, texture property, and sensory evaluation were measured to characterize the changes of pork batters in physicochemical property and sensory quality during different heating treatments. The results showed that the best sensory quality was achieved after 9 min, 4 min, 2 min, and 2 min heating (P<0.05), respectively, for pork batters subjected to MW, SHS, MS, and MSHS. Under the optimal heating time the pork batters subjected to MSHS had significantly (P<0.05) higher pH, gumminess, cohesiveness, and resilience, as well as lower cooking loss and hardness than the samples subjected to SHS. Moreover, compared with MW, MSHS could not only significantly (P<0.05) reduce the cooking loss, but also significantly (P<0.05) improve the pH value, moisture content, texture property, and sensory quality of pork batters. MSHS could not only promote the cooking efficiency of pork batters, but also relieve the quality deterioration of pork batters induced by MW, resulting in a higher retention of preferable physicochemical and sensory properties for cooked pork batters.

In order to establish an general, efficient and accurate residue analysis method for high risk quinolone antibiotics in cultured aquatic products, such as Larimichthys crocea, Carassius auratus, Pelodiscus sinensis, etc, all the samples were extracted using ultrasonic and vibrating extraction coupling, and then cleaned by liquid-liquid extraction and determined by UPLC-MS/MS. The optimal pretreatment conditions were determined by combining hydrochloric acid concentration in extraction reagent, oscillation time, ultrasonic time, nitrogen blowing pressure, temperature with Box-Behnken response surface analysis. The matrix effects of the target objects were evaluated in this study, and the compensation method of matrix effects in Larimichthys crocea, Carassius auratus, Pelodiscus sinensis, Penaeus vannemei, Scylla serrata and its gonad, and Sinonovacula constricta was discussed by isotope internal standard and matrix matching curve. The results showed that the average recovery rate of 6 target substances was 82.20%-118.00%. The linear correlation coefficients were above 0.997 in spiked range of 0.2-20 ng·mL^-1. The limits of detection and limits of quantitation were 0.5 μg·kg^-1 and 1.0 μg·kg^-1, respectively. It showed that the method met the requirements for the analysis of antibiotic residues in cultured aquatic products. To varying degrees, the matrix of Penaeus vannamei, Scylla serrata gonad and Larimichthys crocea inhibited the 6 target substances. The matrix matching curve and internal standard method could compensate the matrix effect effectively.

To improve the mobile navigation accuracy of field management equipment for leafy vegetables under facility ridge cultivation mode, a deep learning based algorithm for extracting navigation lines between leafy vegetable ridges was proposed. Firstly, the model was trained on the navigation path dataset between leafy vegetable ridges. An improved YOLOv5s-Seg convolutional neural network was used to extract feature points from greenhouse operation road images, and the navigation line was generated through least squares fitting. In the experiment, a series of improvements were made to the internal structure of the model, which improved the accuracy and computational speed of the algorithm. By collecting 800 images of the growth of leafy vegetables under ridge planting mode, and expanding the total number of datasets to four times of the original through data augmentation, the overall segmentation average precision was 99.50% on an independent test set composed of 320 images. The precision of images were 94.33%, 97.77% and 96.23% respectively at germination stage, seedling stage, and formation stage. The average deviation between the fitted navigation line and the manually observed navigation line was 5.60 cm. The results showed that the navigation algorithm could meet the navigation requirements of intelligent management of mobile equipment for leafy vegetables in the ridge planting mode within the facility.

Low-carbon and green development is an intrinsic requirement for high-quality development of agriculture. In the present assay, the SSBM model and the global Malmquist-Luenberger index were used to measure the efficiency of agricultural carbon emissions, and the issue rate of land contractual management right certificate was used to characterize the degree of rural land empowerment. Based on the panel data of 30 province-level administrative regions in China from 2006 to 2020, the panel data regression model was used to explore the effect and influencing mechanism of rural land empowerment on agricultural carbon emission efficiency, and the moderating effect of rural land transfer on the relationship between rural land empowerment and agricultural carbon emission efficiency was investigated. The variable coefficient panel data regression model was used to test the heterogeneity of the impact of rural land empowerment on agricultural carbon emission efficiency. The results showed that: 1) rural land empowerment could improve the efficiency of agricultural carbon emission, especially for the major agricultural provinces. 2) Rural land empowerment was conducive to accelerating the transfer of rural labor to urban or non-agricultural industries, improving the level of large-scale farmland management, promoting the rationalization of agricultural industrial structure, and improving the efficiency of agricultural carbon emission. 3) The impact of rural land empowerment on agricultural carbon emission efficiency was moderated by the development degree of rural land transfer market. With the improvement of rural land transfer level, the promotion effect of rural land empowerment on agricultural carbon emission efficiency would be stronger. Accordingly, it is suggested that farmers should be given clear land property right and the construction of a rural land circulation and transaction market system should be accelerated, so as to better play the role of rural land empowerment in the low-carbon and sustainable development of agriculture.

Pork quality is crucial for consumer health and the sustainable development of the swine industry. Traditional breeding methods face limitations in improving meat quality due to insufficient genetic understanding of these traits. With the development of high-throughput technologies, genomic selection(GS) technology has emerged as a key tool for breaking through the genetic improvement bottleneck in meat quality, owing to its high precision and low cost. This paper systematically reviews the development of GS models, categorizing various types of models and discussing their predictive accuracy. Several challenges remain: the technology for precise in vivo phenotypic data collection has yet to be fully realized; existing models show insufficient adaptability to cross-population and cross-environment data; and the integration of multi-omics mechanisms and epigenetic networks into breeding systems is still lacking. Future research should focus on developing dynamic phenotypic sensing technologies, constructing interpretable deep learning frameworks, and creating multi-omics-based predictive models. By establishing a genetic evaluation system covering the entire breeding-production-processing industry chain, this study aims to provide a theoretical foundation and technical pathway for the innovation of high-quality pig germplasm in China, enabling cross-scale analysis from genomics to phenomics.

Magnaporthe oryzae is a plant pathogenic fungus that seriously threatens the growth and development of cereals and causes yield reduction. In recent years, rice blast has spread in more than 85 countries, resulting in an annual decline of about 30% in rice yields, with severe epidemics causing rice yields to be lost by up to 80%. Although fungicides can briefly control the epidemic of rice blast, misuse and excessive use of fungicides lead to soil pollution and food security risks. Therefore, it is urgent to develop green biological control agents instead of chemical fungicides to prevent and control plant diseases. Biological control is an environmentally friendly and promising strategy for plant disease control. Studies have found that many microorganisms and their secondary metabolites and plant-derived bioactive substances can significantly inhibit the growth of Magnaporthe oryzae and are environmentally friendly. In this paper, the infection routes of Magnaporthe oryzae and the effective prevention and control methods of rice blast were reviewed. The mechanism of microorganisms and their secondary metabolites and plant-derived bioactive substances in the prevention and control of rice blast was discussed, which will provide new ideas and insights for the green comprehensive prevention and control of rice blast.