Abstract:

The ectopic fermentation system is one of the important technologies for the resource utilization of fecal residue and waste water of livestock and poultry, and it has been widely applied both domestically and internationally. In the present assay, the research progress on ectopic fermentation system is summarized in the treatment of fecal residue and waste water of livestock and poultry. It is shown that the key control factors of this technology consist of temperature, bedding materials, bed volume, manure addition rate, moisture content and ventilation. Thermophilic bacteria such as Pseudomonas and Bacillus play a critical role in cellulose degradation and element cycling within this system. Tetracyclines are the most frequently detected and concentrated antibiotics in the ectopic fermentation system. During the resource utilization process, the ectopic fermentation system can effectively reduce the relative and absolute abundance of certain antibiotics (such as tetracyclines and sulfonamides). However, the ectopic fermentation system also produces three major greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide) and odorous gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide during manure treatment. To date, research on the ectopic fermentation system has been primarily focused on the selection of thermophilic bacterial agents and bedding material combinations, element cycling, and the detection and removal of antibiotic resistance genes. In contrast, little research has been done on reducing greenhouse gas and odor emissions.

Key words: ectopic fermentation system, fecal residue and waste water of livestock and poultry, bacteria agent, bedding material, antibiotic resistance genes, greenhouse gas emission