天然气锅炉和地源热泵协同加热连栋玻璃温室的可行性分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240641

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (7): 1533-1544.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240641

天然气锅炉和地源热泵协同加热连栋玻璃温室的可行性分析

陈同强¹(), 徐凤娇¹, 周宝昌², 王福林¹, 孟令钊¹, 李友丽²^,^*()

1.凯盛浩丰农业集团有限公司,山东青岛 266606
2.北京市农林科学院智能装备技术研究中心,北京 100097

收稿日期:2024-07-16 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-08-20
作者简介:陈同强(1990—),男,山东青岛人,硕士,高级农艺师,研究方向为设施环境调控与番茄作物高效栽培。E-mail: chenxiaotianah@163.com
通讯作者: ^*李友丽,E-mail:liyl@nercita.org.cn
基金资助:
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2023BCF0)

Feasibility of ground-source heat pump heating system assisted by natural gas boiler in large-scale terraced glass greenhouse

CHEN Tongqiang¹(), XU Fengjiao¹, ZHOU Baochang², WANG Fulin¹, MENG Lingzhao¹, LI Youli²^,^*()

1. Triumph Haofeng Intelligent Agriculture Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266606, Shandong, China
2. Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China

Received:2024-07-16 Online:2025-07-25 Published:2025-08-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究地源热泵耦合天然气锅炉协同对玻璃温室加温的可行性,于2022年10月4日—2023年5月15日在山东德州面积25.44 hm²的玻璃温室展开试验,以采用天然气锅炉单一加热方式的玻璃温室作为对照,处理温室采用地源热泵(主)+天然气锅炉(辅)的耦合加热方式,从温室热环境、节能减排、经济性等方面展开分析,探究耦合加热方式在冬季加热的应用效果。结果表明:耦合加热模式下,加热期间处理温室的热环境(温度、空气焓值)与对照温室基本一致,处理温室的能源成本为73.12元·m^-2,较对照温室低22.72元·m^-2,基于该试验条件下的能源价格和气候条件测算,投资收回周期为6年。该试验条件下,地源热泵的性能系数为2.64,节能率为25.82%。温室的每周天然气用量与每周温室内外全天温差之和存在线性正相关关系,同等温差下对照温室的每周天然气总用量高于处理温室,随温差增大,天然气用量差异增大。加热期间,处理温室的天然气用量为12.92 m³·m^-2,仅为对照温室的52.56%,加热期间可减少2 397 t的CO₂排放。综上,在中国北方,采用地源热泵与天然气锅炉耦合的加热方案,既可满足温室加热需求,又能显著降低能耗成本,具有推广意义。

关键词: 地源热泵, 天然气, 连栋玻璃温室, 经济性, 加热能源成本, 投资收回周期

Abstract:

In this study, the feasibility of ground-source heat pump (GSHP) heating system assisted by natural gas boiler was explored in large-scale terraced glass greenhouse. The experiment was conducted from October 4^th, 2022 to May 15^th, 2023, in a 25.44 hm² glass greenhouse in Dezhou, Shandong Province of China. In the control group, a natural gas boiler was used as the sole heating equipment, while in the experimental group, a GSHP heating system assisted by natural gas boiler was employed. The effectiveness of this coupled heating system was examined from thermal environment, energy savings, greenhouse gas emission reduction, and economic performance. The results showed that the thermal environment (temperature, air enthalpy) in the experimental greenhouse was consistent with that in the control greenhouse during the heating period. The energy cost for the experimental greenhouse was 73.12 yuan·m^-2, lower than the control greenhouse by 22.72 yuan·m^-2. Based on the energy prices and climate under the experiment conditions, the payback period was 6 years. The coefficient of performance (COP) for the experiment group was 2.64, with an energy-saving rate of 25.82%. Additionally, there was a linear positive correlation between the weekly natural gas consumption in both greenhouses and the sum of the daily temperature differences inside and outside the greenhouse. Under the same temperature difference, the control group consumed more natural gas weekly than the experimental group, and as the temperature difference increased, the gap in natural gas consumption widened. During the heating period, the experimental greenhouse consumed 12.92 m³·m^-2 of natural gas, which was 52.56% of the control group, resulting in a reduction of 2 397 t of CO₂ emission. In conclusion, heating glass greenhouses with the GSHP heating system assisted by natural gas boiler in northern China, could meet the heating demand, and significantly reduce energy consumption and costs, showing great potential for widespread application.

Key words: ground-source heat pump, natural gas, terraced glass greenhouse, economical efficiency, heating energy cost, capital pay-off time

中图分类号:

S215

陈同强, 徐凤娇, 周宝昌, 王福林, 孟令钊, 李友丽. 天然气锅炉和地源热泵协同加热连栋玻璃温室的可行性分析[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(7): 1533-1544.

CHEN Tongqiang, XU Fengjiao, ZHOU Baochang, WANG Fulin, MENG Lingzhao, LI Youli. Feasibility of ground-source heat pump heating system assisted by natural gas boiler in large-scale terraced glass greenhouse[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(7): 1533-1544.

图/表 10

图1 G1温室的风机盘管

Fig.1 Fan coil unit under growth gutter in G1 greenhouse

图2 供试温室与地热交换管(GHE)布局

Fig.2 Layout of greenhouse and ground heat exchanger (GHE) borehole

图3 温室内测量盒的分布示意图

Fig.3 Distribution diagram of measurement boxes in greenhouse

图4 不同加热方式下温室的每周全天平均温度与空气焓值(a)、日间平均温度与相对湿度(b)、夜间平均温度与相对湿度的变化趋势(2022-10-04—2023-05-17)

Fig.4 Weekly temperature and air enthalpy(a), average daytime temperature and relative humidity by week (b) and average night temperature and relative humidity by week (c) of greenhouse under different heating modes (2022-10-04—2023-05-17)

表1 不同加热方式下温室的温度与空气焓值(2022-10-04—2023-05-17)

Table 1 Temperature and air enthalpy condition of greenhouse under different heating modes (2022-10-04—2023-05-17)

场所 Location	累计温度 Accumulated temperature/ ℃	全天平均温度 Daily temperature/ ℃	全天平均湿度 Daily relative humidity/%	空气焓值 Air enthalpy/ (kJ·kg^-1)	日间平均温度 Average daytime temperature/℃	日间平均湿度 Average daytime relative humidity/%	夜间平均温度 Average night temperature/℃	夜间平均湿度 Average night relative humidity/%
G1	4 959.9	19.15	79.13	47.82	22.46	77.07	16.07	81.57
G2	4 983.1	19.23	78.70	47.97	22.36	78.01	16.34	79.94
室外	2 584.6	9.98	—	—	12.17	—	7.87	—
Outside

表2 不同加热方式的能源成本

Table 2 Energy cost under different heating modes

温室 Greenhouse	天然气用量 Gas comsumpition/m³	天然气费用 Gas cost/ (10⁶ yuan)	用电量 Electricity consumption/ (kW·h)	电费 Electricity cost/ (10⁶yuan)	总能源成本 Total energy cost/ (10⁶yuan)
G1	1 615 141	6.30	5 404 360	2.84	9.14
G2	3 072 270	11.98	—	—	11.98

图5 温室每周天然气用量与每周总全天温差的相关性

Fig.5 Correlation of weekly gas consumption and total temperature difference between greenshouse and outside per week

图6 天然气系统与地源热泵系统的供热量(2022-10-04—2023-05-17)

Fig.6 Heating energy by gas and ground-source heat pump (GSHP) system (2022-10-04—2023-05-17)

表3 不同模式加热期间的温室热需求

Table 3 Daily heating energy demand of different modes during heating period

加热模式 Heating mode	时期 Period	最大加热需求 Maximum heating demand/ (MJ·m^-2·d^-1)	平均加热需求 Average heating demand/ (MJ·m^-2·d^-1)	地源热泵最大供热量 Maximum energy input by GSHP/ (MJ·m^-2·d^-1)	地源热泵平均供热量 Average energy input by GSHP/ (MJ·m^-2·d^-1)	平均COP Average COP
GSHP	2022-10-04—2022-11-04	3.69	2.28	3.69	2.28	4.90
GSHP+GB	2022-11-05—2023-05-17	8.57	4.14	4.20	1.81	2.64
GB	2022-10-04—2023-05-17	8.57	3.88	—	—	—

图7 11月5日G1温室内的温度与目标温度

Fig.7 Greenhouse temperature and heating set of G1 on November 5th

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天然气锅炉和地源热泵协同加热连栋玻璃温室的可行性分析

Feasibility of ground-source heat pump heating system assisted by natural gas boiler in large-scale terraced glass greenhouse

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