辣椒炭疽病病原菌分离鉴定及防治药剂筛选

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250101

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (11): 2315-2324.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250101

辣椒炭疽病病原菌分离鉴定及防治药剂筛选

刘亚婷¹(), 吴立东¹^,², 邱胤晖¹, 陈国钰¹, 钟柳青¹^,^*()

1.三明市农业科学研究院,福建三明 365509
2.福建省(山区)作物遗传改良与创新利用重点实验室,福建三明 365509

收稿日期:2025-02-11 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-12-08
作者简介:刘亚婷(1989—),女,浙江丽水人,硕士,助理研究员,主要从事蔬菜遗传育种研究工作。E-mail: 598288001@qq.com
通讯作者: ^*钟柳青,E-mail: 303721640@qq.com
基金资助:
福建省农业引导性项目(2023N0046)

Pathogens identification of pepper anthracnose and fungicide screening

LIU Yating¹(), WU Lidong¹^,², QIU Yinhui¹, CHEN Guoyu¹, ZHONG Liuqing¹^,^*()

1. Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanming 365509, Fujian, China
2. Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Innovative Utilization of Mountain Area, Sanming 365509, Fujian, China

Received:2025-02-11 Online:2025-11-25 Published:2025-12-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确福建省三明市辣椒炭疽病的病原菌,筛选出有效的防治药剂,为辣椒炭疽病的科学防治提供依据,本研究从当地主产区采集辣椒炭疽病病果,通过组织分离法分离纯化病原菌,利用形态学特征观察,并结合多基因序列(ITS、ACT、CHS-1、TUB2、GAPDH和CAL)联合构建系统发育树进行病原菌鉴定,采用菌丝生长速率法和田间防效试验测定10种杀菌剂对病原菌的抑菌效果和田间防效。结果表明,引起研究区辣椒炭疽病的病原菌为暹罗炭疽菌(Colletotrichum siamense)。室内毒力测定结果表明,24%双胍·吡唑酯可湿性粉剂的抑菌效果最好,有效中浓度(EC₅₀)为0.176 mg·L^-1;其次为30%苯甲·吡唑酯悬浮剂、60%唑醚·戊唑醇水分散粒剂和17%唑醚·氟环唑悬浮剂,EC₅₀分别为0.263、0.367、0.371 mg·L^-1。在田间防效试验中,第3次药后7 d,30%苯甲·吡唑酯悬浮剂和50%咪鲜胺铜盐悬浮剂对辣椒炭疽病的防治效果最好,分别为91.51%和90.83%,其次为24%双胍·吡唑酯可湿性粉剂。综上,30%苯甲·吡唑酯悬浮剂和24%双胍·吡唑酯可湿性粉剂可作为研究区内防治辣椒炭疽病的首选药剂,可交替使用。

关键词: 辣椒炭疽病, 暹罗炭疽菌(Colletotrichum siamense), 药剂筛选, 防治效果

Abstract:

To identify the causal pathogen of pepper anthracnose in Sanming City, Fujian Province, China, and to screen out effective fungicides for disease control, diseased fruits were collected from major production areas. The pathogen was isolated and purified by tissue separation, and was identified through morphological characterization and multilocus phylogenetic analysis (ITS, ACT, CHS-1, TUB2, GAPDH and CAL). Antifungal activities of 10 fungicides were evaluated by using the mycelial growth inhibition method, as well as their field efficacy. It was shown that the pathogen was identified as Colletotrichum siamense. In vitro toxicity tests revealed that the 24% guazatine pyraclostrobin wettable powder exhibited the highest inhibitory effect, with a median effective concentration (EC₅₀) of 0.176 mg·L^-1, which was followed by 30% difenoconazole pyraclostrobin suspension concentrate (EC₅₀ of 0.263 mg·L^-1), 60% azoxystrobin + tebuconazole water dispersible granules (EC₅₀ of 0.367 mg·L^-1), 17% azoxystrobin epoxiconazole suspension concentrate (EC₅₀ of 0.371 mg·L^-1). In field trials, 30% difenoconazole pyraclostrobin suspension concentrate and 50% prochloraz-copper salt suspension concentrate demonstrated the highest control efficacy of 91.51% and 90.83%, respectively, on the 7th day after the third application, which was followed by 24% guazatine pyraclostrobin wettable powder. Therefore, 30% difenoconazole pyraclostrobin suspension concentrate and 24% guazatine pyraclostrobin wettable powder could be used as preferred agents to control pepper anthracnose in peppers, and should be used alternately.

Key words: pepper anthracnose, Colletotrichum siamense, fungicide screening, control efficacy

中图分类号:

S436.418.11

刘亚婷, 吴立东, 邱胤晖, 陈国钰, 钟柳青. 辣椒炭疽病病原菌分离鉴定及防治药剂筛选[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(11): 2315-2324.

LIU Yating, WU Lidong, QIU Yinhui, CHEN Guoyu, ZHONG Liuqing. Pathogens identification of pepper anthracnose and fungicide screening[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(11): 2315-2324.

图/表 6

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目标基因/序列 Target gene/ sequence	正向引物序列(5'→3') Forward primer sequence(5'→3')	反向引物序列(5'→3') Reverse primer sequence(5'→3')	退火温度 Annealing temperature/℃	扩增片段大小 Amplified fragment size/bp
ITS	TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC	GGAAGTAAAAGTCGTAACAAGG	56	540
ACT	ATGTGCAAGGCCGGTTTCGC	TACGAGTCCTTCTGGCCCAT	59	240
CHS-1	TGGGGCAAGGATGCTTGGAAGAAG	TGGAAGAACCATCTGTGAGAGTTG	56	280
TUB2	GGTAACCAAATCGGTGCTGCTTTC	ACCCTCAGTGTAGTGACCCTTGGC	52	490
GAPDH	GCCGTCAACGACCCCTTCATTGA	GGGTGGAGTCGTACTTGAGCATGT	59	980
CAL	GAATTCAAGGAGGCCTTCTC	CTTCTGCACTGAGCTGGAC	50	240

目标基因/序列 Target gene/ sequence	正向引物序列(5'→3') Forward primer sequence(5'→3')	反向引物序列(5'→3') Reverse primer sequence(5'→3')	退火温度 Annealing temperature/℃	扩增片段大小 Amplified fragment size/bp
ITS	TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC	GGAAGTAAAAGTCGTAACAAGG	56	540
ACT	ATGTGCAAGGCCGGTTTCGC	TACGAGTCCTTCTGGCCCAT	59	240
CHS-1	TGGGGCAAGGATGCTTGGAAGAAG	TGGAAGAACCATCTGTGAGAGTTG	56	280
TUB2	GGTAACCAAATCGGTGCTGCTTTC	ACCCTCAGTGTAGTGACCCTTGGC	52	490
GAPDH	GCCGTCAACGACCCCTTCATTGA	GGGTGGAGTCGTACTTGAGCATGT	59	980
CAL	GAATTCAAGGAGGCCTTCTC	CTTCTGCACTGAGCTGGAC	50	240

杀菌剂 Fungicide	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	EC₅₀/(mg·L^-1)
杀菌剂 Fungicide	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	平均值Mean	95%CI
45%吡醚·甲硫灵悬浮剂	y=1.481+2.147x	0.999 5	0.690	0.635~0.751
45% Pyraclostrobin + thiophanate-methyl suspension concentrate
60%唑醚·戊唑醇水分散粒剂	y=1.196+3.261x	0.990 3	0.367	0.331~0.410
60% Azoxystrobin+tebuconazole water dispersible granules
50%咪鲜胺铜盐悬浮剂	y=1.594+3.861x	0.996 1	0.413	0.339~0.563
50% Prochloraz-copper salt suspension concentrate
40%吡唑萘菌胺戊唑醇悬浮剂	y=1.193+1.572x	0.945 7	0.759	0.667~0.913
40% Isopyrazam + tebuconazole suspension concentrate
17%唑醚·氟环唑悬浮剂	y=1.402+2.970x	0.986 4	0.371	0.292~0.570
17% Azoxystrobin epoxiconazole suspension concentrate
42%肟菌·戊唑醇悬浮剂	y=1.804+3.107x	0.968 4	0.581	0.530~0.656
42% Trifloxystrobin tebuconazole suspension concentrate
27.8%噻呋·苯醚甲悬浮剂	y=1.597+3.016x	0.991 0	0.530	0.484~0.593
27.8% Thifluzamide difenoconazole suspension concentrate
30%苯甲·吡唑酯悬浮剂	y=1.932+3.333x	0.968 2	0.263	0.213~0.319
30% Difenoconazole pyraclostrobin suspension concentrate
24%双胍·吡唑酯可湿性粉剂	y=1.929+2.555x	0.998 0	0.176	0.158~0.200
24% Guazatine pyraclostrobin wettable powder
27%春雷·溴菌腈可湿性粉剂	y=1.098+1.876x	0.965 2	0.889	0.783~1.063
27% Bromothalonil+kasugamycin wettable powder

杀菌剂 Fungicide	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	EC₅₀/(mg·L^-1)
杀菌剂 Fungicide	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	平均值Mean	95%CI
45%吡醚·甲硫灵悬浮剂	y=1.481+2.147x	0.999 5	0.690	0.635~0.751
45% Pyraclostrobin + thiophanate-methyl suspension concentrate
60%唑醚·戊唑醇水分散粒剂	y=1.196+3.261x	0.990 3	0.367	0.331~0.410
60% Azoxystrobin+tebuconazole water dispersible granules
50%咪鲜胺铜盐悬浮剂	y=1.594+3.861x	0.996 1	0.413	0.339~0.563
50% Prochloraz-copper salt suspension concentrate
40%吡唑萘菌胺戊唑醇悬浮剂	y=1.193+1.572x	0.945 7	0.759	0.667~0.913
40% Isopyrazam + tebuconazole suspension concentrate
17%唑醚·氟环唑悬浮剂	y=1.402+2.970x	0.986 4	0.371	0.292~0.570
17% Azoxystrobin epoxiconazole suspension concentrate
42%肟菌·戊唑醇悬浮剂	y=1.804+3.107x	0.968 4	0.581	0.530~0.656
42% Trifloxystrobin tebuconazole suspension concentrate
27.8%噻呋·苯醚甲悬浮剂	y=1.597+3.016x	0.991 0	0.530	0.484~0.593
27.8% Thifluzamide difenoconazole suspension concentrate
30%苯甲·吡唑酯悬浮剂	y=1.932+3.333x	0.968 2	0.263	0.213~0.319
30% Difenoconazole pyraclostrobin suspension concentrate
24%双胍·吡唑酯可湿性粉剂	y=1.929+2.555x	0.998 0	0.176	0.158~0.200
24% Guazatine pyraclostrobin wettable powder
27%春雷·溴菌腈可湿性粉剂	y=1.098+1.876x	0.965 2	0.889	0.783~1.063
27% Bromothalonil+kasugamycin wettable powder

杀菌剂 Fungicide	病情指数Disease index				防治效果Control efficacy/%
杀菌剂 Fungicide	药前 Before medication	第1次药后7 d 7 days after the 1^st medication	第2次药后7 d 7 days after the 2^nd medication	第3次药后7 d 7 days after the 3^rd medication	第1次药后7 d 7 days after the 1^st medication	第2次药后7 d 7 days after the 2^nd medication	第3次药后7 d 7 days after the 3^rd medication
45%吡醚·甲硫灵悬浮剂	7.18	5.71	5.41	5.33	58.71 bcd	70.21 c	81.24 cd
45% Pyraclostrobin + thiophanate- methyl suspension concentrate
60%唑醚·戊唑醇水分散粒剂	7.21	7.18	7.27	7.05	47.91 e	59.82 e	75.15 ef
60% Azoxystrobin+tebuconazole water dispersible granules
50%咪鲜胺铜盐悬浮剂	7.22	4.91	4.23	2.61	64.17 abc	76.65 b	90.83 a
50% Prochloraz-copper salt suspension concentrate
40%吡唑萘菌胺戊唑醇悬浮剂	7.29	6.39	6.19	6.43	53.64 cde	65.83 d	77.32 e
40% Isopyrazam + tebuconazole suspension concentrate
17%唑醚·氟环唑悬浮剂	7.23	6.83	6.39	5.39	50.53 de	64.72 d	80.95 d
17% Azoxystrobin epoxiconazole suspension concentrate
42%肟菌·戊唑醇悬浮剂	7.24	7.41	7.52	7.64	46.33 e	58.49 a	73.15 f
42% Trifloxystrobin tebuconazole suspension concentrate
27.8%噻呋·苯醚甲悬浮剂	7.35	6.01	5.36	4.63	56.37 bcde	70.41 c	83.68 c
27.8% Thifluzamide difenoconazole suspension concentrate
30%苯甲·吡唑酯悬浮剂	7.41	4.16	3.31	2.42	69.86 a	81.71 a	91.51 a
30% Difenoconazole pyraclostrobin suspension concentrate
24%双胍·吡唑酯可湿性粉剂	7.08	5.33	5.20	3.40	61.46 abc	71.30 c	88.00 b
24% Guazatine pyraclostrobin wettable powder
27%春雷·溴菌腈可湿性粉剂	7.28	4.68	4.24	5.25	66.14 ab	76.59 b	81.48 cd
27% Bromothalonil+kasugamycin wettable powder
CK	7.21	13.92	18.17	28.46	—	—	—

辣椒炭疽病病原菌分离鉴定及防治药剂筛选

Pathogens identification of pepper anthracnose and fungicide screening

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