双速毛刷辊式水果清洗机设计与试验

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.09.19

浙江农业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (9): 1702-1710.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.09.19

双速毛刷辊式水果清洗机设计与试验

何晓东¹, 朱德泉^1,*, 朱健军¹, 廖娟¹, 张顺¹, 李镜发²

1.安徽农业大学工学院,安徽合肥 230036;
2.江西绿萌科技控股有限公司,江西信丰 341600

收稿日期:2020-02-20 出版日期:2020-09-25 发布日期:2020-10-10
通讯作者: *朱德泉,E-mail:dqzhu@sina.com
作者简介:何晓东(1995—),男,安徽萧县人,硕士,主要从事现代农业装备技术研究。E-mail:dongxiaohe2018@sina.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0700304)

Design and experiment on washer with two-speed hair brush rollers for fruits

HE Xiaodong¹, ZHU Dequan^1,*, ZHU Jianjun¹, LIAO Juan¹, ZHANG Shun¹, LI Jingfa²

1. College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;
2. Jiangxi Reemoon Technology Holdings Co. , Ltd. , Xinfeng 341600, China

Received:2020-02-20 Online:2020-09-25 Published:2020-10-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对类球形脆皮水果在清洗过程中洗净率偏低、损伤率高的问题,采用毛刷辊差速原理,设计集浸泡、刷洗、喷洗与集果等功能的双速毛刷辊式水果清洗机,阐述其基本结构和工作原理,并对浸泡装置、喷淋装置、刷洗装置等关键部件进行设计与分析。选取红富士苹果为试验物料,以奇数排毛刷辊转速、偶数排毛刷辊转速、浸泡时间为试验因素,洗净率和损伤率为评价指标,进行单因素试验,确定试验因素水平;通过3因素3水平正交试验,分析了试验因素对各试验指标影响的显著性,确定了水果清洗的最佳清洗工艺参数组合,即奇数排毛刷辊转速为80 r·min^-1,偶数排毛刷辊转速为100 r·min^-1,浸泡时间为25 s。在此条件下,水果洗净率为98.08%,损伤率为3.07%。

关键词: 农业机械, 清洗机, 类球形脆皮水果, 毛刷辊, 差速

Abstract: In order to solve the problems of low cleaning rate and high damage rate of spherical crispy fruits during the cleaning process, the differential speed principle of brush roller was adopted to design a washer with dual-speed brush rollers for fruits which had the functions of soaking, brushing, spraying and collecting fruit. Its basic structure and working principle were explained, and its key components such as soaking device, spraying device, brushing device and so on were designed and analyzed. Red Fuji apple was selected as the test material. The rotation speed of the odd-numbered brush rollers, the rotation speed of the even-numbered brush rollers, and soaking time were taken as test factors. The cleaning rate and damage rate were used as evaluated indicators. The single factor test was executed to determine the levels of factors. Through the orthogonal test with three-factor and three-level, the significance of the influence of the test factors on each test index was analyzed, and the optimal cleaning parameter combination for fruit cleaning was determined. The results showed that the rotation speed of the odd-numbered rows of brush rollers was 80 r·min^-1, the rotation speed of the even-numbered brush roller was 100 r·min^-1, and the soaking time was 25 s. Under these conditions, the fruit cleaning rate was 98.08%, and the damage rate was 3.07%.

Key words: agricultural machinery, washing machine, spherical and crispy fruit, brush roller, differential speed

中图分类号:

TS255.35

何晓东, 朱德泉, 朱健军, 廖娟, 张顺, 李镜发. 双速毛刷辊式水果清洗机设计与试验[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2020, 32(9): 1702-1710.

HE Xiaodong, ZHU Dequan, ZHU Jianjun, LIAO Juan, ZHANG Shun, LI Jingfa. Design and experiment on washer with two-speed hair brush rollers for fruits[J]. , 2020, 32(9): 1702-1710.

参考文献

[1] 何幸保, 高英武, 汤楚宙, 等. 我国蔬菜清洗技术的研究现状与展望[J]. 湖南农机, 2009, 36(3): 1-2.
HE X B, GAO Y W, TANG C Z, et al.The research status and development trend of vegetable cleaning technology in China[J]. Hunan Agricultural Machinery, 2009, 36(3): 1-2.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2] 李继兰, 葛玉全. 我国果蔬采后商品化处理现状及发展趋势[J]. 中国果菜, 2012, 32(5): 48-50.
LI J L, GE Y Q.Status and development trend of post-harvest commercialization of fruits and vegetables in China[J]. China Fruit Vegetable, 2012, 32(5): 48-50.(in Chinese)
[3] 李明珠. 农产品产后处理技术[J]. 现代农业科技, 2013(12): 257-258.
LI M Z.Post-processing technology of agricultural products[J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2013(12): 257-258.(in Chinese)
[4] 李佳伟, 杜志龙, 宋程. 我国蔬菜清洗技术及设备研究进展[J]. 包装与食品机械, 2017, 35(3): 46-51.
LI J W, DU Z L, SONG C.Developing status of vegetables cleaning techniques and equipments in China[J]. Packaging and Food Machinery, 2017, 35(3): 46-51.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5] 王春生, 李建华. 水果采后的商品化处理综述[J]. 中国果菜, 2001, 21(4): 7-8.
WANG C S, LI J H.Review of commercial processing of fruits after harvest[J]. China Fruit and Vegetable, 2001, 21(4): 7-8.(in Chinese)
[6] 李建华, 王春生. 水果采后的商品化处理[J]. 中国食物与营养, 2002, 8(2): 21-24.
LI J H, WANG C S.Commercialization of post-harvest fruits[J]. Food and Nutrition in China, 2002, 8(2): 21-24.(in Chinese)
[7] 刘海军, 鲁闻庆, 侯显奇, 等. 浅谈果品采后商品化处理[J]. 北方园艺, 2003(5): 68.
LIU H J, LU W Q, HOU X Q, et al.Preliminary study on the post-harvest commercialization of fruits[J]. Northern Horticulture, 2003(5): 68.(in Chinese)
[8] 戴桂芝, 陈利梅, 李燕. 果蔬采后商品化处理要点综述[J]. 食品研究与开发, 2006, 27(2): 154-156.
DAI G Z, CHEN L M, LI Y.The significance of commercialized treatment and main technologies on the fruits and vegetables adopted[J]. Food Research and Development, 2006, 27(2): 154-156.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9] BUTZ P, EDENHARDER R, GARCı'A A, et al. Changes in functional properties of vegetables induced by high pressure treatment[J]. Food Research International, 2002, 35(2/3): 295-300.
[10] BUTZ P, FERNÁNDEZ GARCı'A A, LINDAUER R, et al. Influence of ultra high pressure processing on fruit and vegetable products[J]. Journal of Food Engineering, 2003, 56(2/3): 233-236.
[11] KAYE P L, PICKLES C S J, FIELD J E, et al. Investigation of erosion processes as cleaning mechanisms in the removal of thin deposited soils[J]. Wear, 1995, 186/187: 413-420.
[12] 王海鸥, 胡志超, 吴峰, 等. 超声波臭氧组合果蔬清洗机设计与试验[J]. 农业机械学报, 2011, 42(7): 165-169.
WANG H O, HU Z C, WU F, et al.Design and experiment on ultrasonic-ozone washer for fruits and vegetables[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2011, 42(7): 165-169.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13] 滕桂君, 弋景刚, 刘江涛, 等. 毛刷辊式扇贝清洗机[J]. 食品与机械, 2015, 31(2): 168-170.
TENG G J, YI J G, LIU J T, et al.Brush roll washing machine of scallops[J]. Food & Machinery, 2015, 31(2): 168-170.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14] 杨然兵, 杨红光, 尚书旗, 等. 拨辊推送式马铃薯收获机设计与试验[J]. 农业机械学报, 2016, 47(7): 119-126.
YANG R B, YANG H G, SHANG S Q, et al.Design and test of poking roller shoving type potato harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2016, 47(7): 119-126.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15] 王相友, 孙景彬, 许英超, 等. 拨辊推送式马铃薯清选分选机设计与试验[J]. 农业机械学报, 2017, 48(10): 316-322.
WANG X Y, SUN J B, XU Y C, et al.Design and experiment of potato cleaning and sorting machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2017, 48(10): 316-322.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16] 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 鲜苹果:GB/T 10651—2008[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2008.
[17] 杨红兵, 丁为民, 陈坤杰, 等. 新型蔬菜清洗机的研制[J]. 农业工程学报, 2005, 21(1): 92-96.
YANG H B, DING W M, CHEN K J, et al.Research and development of a new-style washer of vegetable[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2005, 21(1): 92-96.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18] 马雪飞, 杜志龙, 马季威, 等. 整叶类蔬菜清洗机设计与试验[J]. 农业机械学报, 2018, 49(S1): 419-425.
MA X F, DU Z L, MA J W, et al.Design and experiment on washer for whole-leaf vegetables[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2018, 49(S1): 419-425.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19] 杨红兵. 新型蔬菜清洗机的研制与试验研究[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2004.
YANG H B.Development and experimental study of a new vegetable washing machine[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2004.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20] 陈魁. 试验设计与分析[M]. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1996.
[21] 李云雁, 胡传荣. 试验设计与数据处理[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2008.

双速毛刷辊式水果清洗机设计与试验

Design and experiment on washer with two-speed hair brush rollers for fruits

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 5

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	张雄一, 徐新良, 张正, 庄大春, 曾钦, 毕仁贵, 严灿. 2000—2017年中国农业机械总动力水平空间演变特征[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2020, 32(4): 714-722.
[2]	张顺, 杨继涛, 李勇, 廖娟, 李兆东, 朱德泉. 水稻内充气力式精量穴直播排种器吸种性能试验[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2019, 31(8): 1379-1387.
[3]	吴磊琦, 谌凯, 赵志娟, 应向伟. 农业机械动力装置燃油喷射技术专利竞争态势分析[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2017, 29(6): 1037-1042.
[4]	魏丽娟，戴飞，韩正晟*，李兴凯，高爱民. 小区小麦育种联合收获机试验研究[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2016, 28(6): 1082-.
[5]	马广;周建忠. 基于灰色关联度的农机作业水平影响因素分析[J]. , 2007, 19(2): 0-100.