CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在植物中的应用与政策监管

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.08.24

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (8): 1806-1814.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.08.24

• 综述 • 上一篇

CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在植物中的应用与政策监管

偶春¹(), 张敏¹, 丁霖², 姚侠妹³, 王泽璐¹, 彭城²^,^*(), 徐俊锋²

1.阜阳师范大学生物与食品工程学院,安徽阜阳 236037
2.浙江省农业科学院浙江省农产品质量安全危害因子与风险防控国家重点实验室,浙江杭州 310021
3.安徽建筑大学建筑与规划学院,安徽合肥 230022

收稿日期:2021-11-03 出版日期:2022-08-25 发布日期:2022-08-26
通讯作者: 彭城
作者简介:*彭城,E-mail: pc_phm@163.com
偶春(1983—),男,安徽肥西人,硕士,副教授,研究方向为城市园林植物应用。E-mail: ouchun_2007@163.com
基金资助:
浙江省基础公益研究计划(LGN22C130015);浙江省农业新品种选育重大科技专项(2021C02064-6);安徽省高校自然科学研究重点项目(KJ2020A0519);安徽省高校自然科学研究重点项目(KJ2020A0456)

Application and policy regulation of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology in plants

OU Chun¹(), ZHANG Min¹, DING Lin², YAO Xiamei³, WANG Zelu¹, PENG Cheng²^,^*(), XU Junfeng²

1. College of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, Anhui, China
2. State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
3. School of Architecture & Urban Planning, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China

Received:2021-11-03 Online:2022-08-25 Published:2022-08-26
Contact: PENG Cheng

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基因编辑技术是一种在基因组水平上对DNA序列进行精准修饰,从而促使基因组序列定向改造的技术。随着近几年CRISPR/Cas9技术的快速发展,基因组编辑技术在作物育种领域发挥了越来越重要的作用。本文综述了基因编辑技术的发展历程,以及CRISPR/Cas9的工作原理,分析了CRISPR/Cas9的局限性并提出了改进方法。重点阐述了植物CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑体系的建立、在植物性状改良方面的应用,以及最终致力于基因编辑产品商业化的应用案例。同时还分析了美国、欧盟、英国、日本和中国这5个代表性国家/地区的基因编辑监管政策和态度,以期为我国科学监管框架的建立提供参考,促进CRISPR/Cas9在我国乃至全球的产业化应用。

关键词: 基因编辑技术, CRISPR/Cas9, 性状改良, 局限性, 监管政策

Abstract:

Gene editing technology is a technology that making precise modification of DNA sequence at the genome level, so as to promote targeted modification of the genome sequence. With the rapid development of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in recent years, gene editing technology plays an increasingly important role in crop breeding. The paper reviewed the development of gene editing technology and the working principle of CRISPR/Cas9, analysed the limitations of CRISPR/Cas9 and put forward improvement methods. In addition, this paper focused on the establishment of the plant CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system, its application in plant trait improvement, and the application cases that were finally committed to the commercialization of gene editing products. At the same time, it also analysed the regulatory policies and attitudes of gene editing in five representative countries/regions, including the United States, the European Union, Britain, Japan and China, in order to provide reference for the establishment of scientific regulatory frame work in China and promote the industrial application of CRISPR/Cas9 in China or even the world.

Key words: gene editing technology, CRISPR/Cas9, traits improvement, limitation, regulatory policy, future prospects

中图分类号:

Q943.2

偶春, 张敏, 丁霖, 姚侠妹, 王泽璐, 彭城, 徐俊锋. CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在植物中的应用与政策监管[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(8): 1806-1814.

OU Chun, ZHANG Min, DING Lin, YAO Xiamei, WANG Zelu, PENG Cheng, XU Junfeng. Application and policy regulation of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology in plants[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(8): 1806-1814.

图/表 1

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CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在植物中的应用与政策监管

Application and policy regulation of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology in plants

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