家蚕素斑品种菁松的茶斑限性定向转育

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230794

浙江农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 1032-1041.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230794

家蚕素斑品种菁松的茶斑限性定向转育

廖鹏飞(), 李琼艳, 罗顺高, 刘敏, 朱红涛, 李继娅, 白红英, 陈海佺, 范永慧, 董占鹏^*()

云南省农业科学院蚕桑蜜蜂研究所,云南蒙自 661101

收稿日期:2023-06-26 出版日期:2024-05-25 发布日期:2024-05-29
作者简介:廖鹏飞(1973—),男,四川中江人,硕士,研究员,主要从事家蚕种质资源创新利用研究。E-mail:liaopengfei@yaas.org.cn
通讯作者: * 董占鹏,E-mail: dzp@yaas.org.cn
基金资助:
向仲怀院士工作站(202305AF150166);云南省科技厅重点研发(农业领域)专项(202102AE090010);云南省现代农业蚕桑产业技术体系(2019KJTX006);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-18)

The directional transfer of the plain silkworm variety Jingsong into a sex-limited multilunar silkworm variety

LIAO Pengfei(), LI Qiongyan, LUO Shungao, LIU Min, ZHU Hongtao, LI Jiya, BAI Hongying, CHEN Haiquan, FAN Yonghui, DONG Zhanpeng^*()

Sericultural & Apicultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mengzi 661101, Yunnan, China

Received:2023-06-26 Online:2024-05-25 Published:2024-05-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为在家蚕现行素斑品种菁松的幼虫发育早期进行雌雄性别鉴别,实现雌雄分养分缫差异化利用目的,用普斑限性品系云蚕7A的雌与茶斑品系Cb的雄杂交后,再分别与现行素斑品系菁松A、菁松B杂交,其后代连续数次回交素斑亲本后自交,结合分类选择进行个体和蛾区选择淘汰,将云蚕7A的普斑限性基因和Cb的茶斑基因转入现行素斑品种菁松中,定向转育得到菁A茶限和菁B茶限。结果表明:转育过程中,幼虫斑纹分化成颜色与形状易于分辨的茶斑与非茶斑2种类型,转育得到的菁A茶限和菁B茶限幼虫在3龄初期就会呈现茶斑颜色深浅明显不同的分化,能准确分辨雌雄,其虫蛹率分别为96.91%和96.40%,全茧量分别为1.62 g和1.56 g,茧层率分别为23.78%和23.26%,经济性状与其轮回亲本的差异较小,表现出健康好养、茧质优良等特性。研究结果可为创建特殊性状的育种材料、差异化利用雌雄蚕,以及降低雄蚕种繁育成本奠定基础。

关键词: 家蚕品种, 普斑限性, 素斑, 茶斑限性, 定向转育

Abstract:

To identify the gender of the larvae in the early developmental stages of the current plain silkworm variety Jingsong, for the purpose of achieving sex-separation in rearing and differential utilization, the female of the sex-limited normal marking silkworm race Yuncan 7A was crossed with the male of multilunar silkworm race Cb. Then, these hybrids were respectively crossed with the commercial plain silkworm race Jingsong A and Jingsong B. The progeny were backcrossed to the commercial plain silkworm race for several times and then selfed, combined with categorized selection for individual and batches. This process introduced sex-limited normal marking gene of Yuncan 7A and multilunar gene of Cb into the commercial plain silkworm race Jingsong, directed breeding resulted in Jing A Chaxian and Jing B Chaxian. The results showed that during the breeding process, the larval spot differentiation turned into easy-to-distinguish multilunar and non-multilunar types by color and shape. The cultivated Jing A Chaxian and Jing B Chaxian larvae displayed clearly different color differentiation of multilunar at the beginning of the 3rd instar, allowing for accurate gender identification. The economic traits of Jing A Chaxian and Jing B Chaxian, such as the larva-pupa rate of 96.91% and 96.40%, the whole cocoon weight of 1.62 g and 1.56 g, the cocoon shell ratio of 23.78% and 23.26%, were slightly different from their recurrent parents, exhibiting characteristics of good health, easy rearing, and high-quality cocoons. This study laid a foundation for creating breeding materials with special traits, the differential utilization of male and female silkworms, and reducing the breeding costs of male silkworms.

Key words: silkworm race, sex-limited normal marking, plain, sex-limited multilunar, directional transfer

中图分类号:

S882

廖鹏飞, 李琼艳, 罗顺高, 刘敏, 朱红涛, 李继娅, 白红英, 陈海佺, 范永慧, 董占鹏. 家蚕素斑品种菁松的茶斑限性定向转育[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(5): 1032-1041.

LIAO Pengfei, LI Qiongyan, LUO Shungao, LIU Min, ZHU Hongtao, LI Jiya, BAI Hongying, CHEN Haiquan, FAN Yonghui, DONG Zhanpeng. The directional transfer of the plain silkworm variety Jingsong into a sex-limited multilunar silkworm variety[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(5): 1032-1041.

图/表 6

参考文献 21

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年份 Year	蚕期 Silkworm rearing season	世代 Generation	饲育形式 Rearing form	饲育数量/区 Rearing amount/ batch	5龄期经过 Duration of 5^th instar/h	全龄龄期经过 Larval duration/h	死笼率 Dead cocoons ratio/%	虫蛹率 Larva- pupa rate/%	全茧量 Cocoon weight/g	茧层量 Cocoon shell weight/g	茧层率 Cocoon shell ratio/%
2015	春Spring	P₁(云蚕7A Yuncan 7A)	○	1	204	648	4.16	94.47	1.93	0.44	22.99
		P₂(Cb)	○	1	132	540	4.00	85.38	1.16	0.15	12.72
	秋Autumn	P₃(菁松A Jingsong A)	○	1	174	611	2.50	95.91	1.66	0.39	23.63
		F₁(云蚕7A×Cb	○	1	150	560	3.82	91.76	1.69	0.31	18.07
		Yuncan 7A×Cb)
	晚秋Late autumn	F2(云蚕7A·Cb×菁松A	○	1	174	612	6.11	90.49	1.65	0.28	16.94
		Yuncan 7A·Cb×Jingsong A)
2016	春Spring	BC₁	□	12	175	606	1.07	97.05	1.75	0.39	22.37
	秋Autumn	BC₂	○	1	169	606	7.50	91.80	1.81	0.37	20.62
	晚秋Late autumn	BC₃	○	1	188	678	4.76	73.04	1.04	0.19	18.70
2017	春Spring	BC₄	○	1	174	654	1.66	92.45	1.45	0.28	19.54
	秋Autumn	BC₅	○	1	161	580	1.23	96.05	1.79	0.35	19.55
	晚秋Late autumn	BC₆	○	1	198	660	10.25	78.69	1.32	0.25	19.01
2018	春Spring	S₁	○	1	212	678	5.41	73.55	1.56	0.33	21.25
	秋Autumn	S₂	□	16	150	582	2.35	94.66	1.54	0.33	21.43
	晚秋Late autumn	S₃	○	13	180	666	3.02	90.51	1.38	0.28	20.29
2019	春Spring	S₄	○	4	201	662	9.00	81.91	1.69	0.39	22.95
	秋Autumn	S₅	□	16	164	582	2.25	93.56	1.55	0.36	23.12
2020	春Spring	S₆	□	16	216	705	15.41	72.33	1.69	0.38	22.19
	秋Autumn	S₇	□	16	183	610	0.79	98.06	1.69	0.41	24.10
2021	春Spring	S₈	□	16	175	618	1.42	95.76	1.55	0.36	23.46
	秋Autumn	S₉	□	12	191	644	2.63	93.86	1.48	0.33	22.31

年份 Year	蚕期 Silkworm rearing season	世代 Generation	饲育形式 Rearing form	饲育数量/区 Rearing amount/ batch	5龄期经过 Duration of 5^th instar/h	全龄龄期经过 Larval duration/h	死笼率 Dead cocoons ratio/%	虫蛹率 Larva- pupa rate/%	全茧量 Cocoon weight/g	茧层量 Cocoon shell weight/g	茧层率 Cocoon shell ratio/%
2015	春Spring	P₁(云蚕7A Yuncan 7A)	○	1	204	648	4.16	94.47	1.93	0.44	22.99
		P₂(Cb)	○	1	132	540	4.00	85.38	1.16	0.15	12.72
	秋Autumn	P₃(菁松A Jingsong A)	○	1	174	611	2.50	95.91	1.66	0.39	23.63
		F₁(云蚕7A×Cb	○	1	150	560	3.82	91.76	1.69	0.31	18.07
		Yuncan 7A×Cb)
	晚秋Late autumn	F2(云蚕7A·Cb×菁松A	○	1	174	612	6.11	90.49	1.65	0.28	16.94
		Yuncan 7A·Cb×Jingsong A)
2016	春Spring	BC₁	□	12	175	606	1.07	97.05	1.75	0.39	22.37
	秋Autumn	BC₂	○	1	169	606	7.50	91.80	1.81	0.37	20.62
	晚秋Late autumn	BC₃	○	1	188	678	4.76	73.04	1.04	0.19	18.70
2017	春Spring	BC₄	○	1	174	654	1.66	92.45	1.45	0.28	19.54
	秋Autumn	BC₅	○	1	161	580	1.23	96.05	1.79	0.35	19.55
	晚秋Late autumn	BC₆	○	1	198	660	10.25	78.69	1.32	0.25	19.01
2018	春Spring	S₁	○	1	212	678	5.41	73.55	1.56	0.33	21.25
	秋Autumn	S₂	□	16	150	582	2.35	94.66	1.54	0.33	21.43
	晚秋Late autumn	S₃	○	13	180	666	3.02	90.51	1.38	0.28	20.29
2019	春Spring	S₄	○	4	201	662	9.00	81.91	1.69	0.39	22.95
	秋Autumn	S₅	□	16	164	582	2.25	93.56	1.55	0.36	23.12
2020	春Spring	S₆	□	16	216	705	15.41	72.33	1.69	0.38	22.19
	秋Autumn	S₇	□	16	183	610	0.79	98.06	1.69	0.41	24.10
2021	春Spring	S₈	□	16	175	618	1.42	95.76	1.55	0.36	23.46
	秋Autumn	S₉	□	12	191	644	2.63	93.86	1.48	0.33	22.31

年份 Year	蚕期 Silkworm rearing season	世代 Generation	饲育形式 Rearing form	饲育数量/区 Rearing amount/ batch	5龄期经过 Duration of 5^th instar/h	全龄龄期经过 Larval duration/h	死笼率 Dead cocoons ratio/%	虫蛹率 Larva- pupa rate/%	全茧量 Cocoon weight/g	茧层量 Cocoon shell weight/g	茧层率 Cocoon shell ratio/%
2015	春Spring	P₁(云蚕7A Yuncan 7A)	○	1	204	648	4.16	94.47	1.93	0.44	22.99
		P₂(Cb)	○	1	132	540	4.00	85.38	1.16	0.15	12.72
	秋Autumn	P₃(菁松B Jingsong B)	○	1	192	635	1.73	96.28	1.64	0.37	22.71
		F₁(云蚕7A×Cb	○	1	150	560	3.82	91.76	1.69	0.31	18.07
		Yuncan 7A×Cb)
	晚秋Late autumn	F₂(云蚕7A·Cb×菁松B	○	1	180	618	5.03	91.25	1.58	0.27	17.09
		Yuncan 7A·Cb×Jingsong B)
2016	春Spring	BC₁	□	12	175	606	1.98	95.33	1.79	0.41	22.72
	秋Autumn	BC₂	○	1	175	612	0.68	97.64	1.48	0.31	20.88
	晚秋Late autumn	BC₃	○	1	188	678	5.00	75.74	1.12	0.22	19.29
2017	春Spring	BC₄	○	1	173	653	1.02	97.68	1.48	0.32	21.62
	秋Autumn	BC₅	○	1	161	580	2.5	94.65	1.78	0.34	19.24
	晚秋Late autumn	BC₆	○	1	198	660	11.27	74.56	1.29	0.25	19.38
2018	春Spring	S₁	○	1	212	678	7.68	83.33	1.56	0.35	22.53
	秋Autumn	S₂	□	16	154	586	3.12	95.02	1.50	0.31	20.31
	晚秋Late autumn	S₃	○	11	184	668	2.79	90.87	1.41	0.29	20.12
2019	春Spring	S₄	○	5	198	659	7.72	82.28	1.61	0.36	22.16
	秋Autumn	S₅	□	16	164	582	1.98	94.65	1.50	0.34	22.69
2020	春Spring	S₆	□	16	228	707	10.53	73.15	1.68	0.35	21.02
	秋Autumn	S₇	□	16	188	617	1.08	96.47	1.60	0.37	23.35
2021	春Spring	S₈	□	16	182	601	1.39	96.32	1.52	0.35	23.16
	秋Autumn	S₉	□	12	186	610	2.56	95.19	1.53	0.34	22.47

年份 Year	蚕期 Silkworm rearing season	世代 Generation	饲育形式 Rearing form	饲育数量/区 Rearing amount/ batch	5龄期经过 Duration of 5^th instar/h	全龄龄期经过 Larval duration/h	死笼率 Dead cocoons ratio/%	虫蛹率 Larva- pupa rate/%	全茧量 Cocoon weight/g	茧层量 Cocoon shell weight/g	茧层率 Cocoon shell ratio/%
2015	春Spring	P₁(云蚕7A Yuncan 7A)	○	1	204	648	4.16	94.47	1.93	0.44	22.99
		P₂(Cb)	○	1	132	540	4.00	85.38	1.16	0.15	12.72
	秋Autumn	P₃(菁松B Jingsong B)	○	1	192	635	1.73	96.28	1.64	0.37	22.71
		F₁(云蚕7A×Cb	○	1	150	560	3.82	91.76	1.69	0.31	18.07
		Yuncan 7A×Cb)
	晚秋Late autumn	F₂(云蚕7A·Cb×菁松B	○	1	180	618	5.03	91.25	1.58	0.27	17.09
		Yuncan 7A·Cb×Jingsong B)
2016	春Spring	BC₁	□	12	175	606	1.98	95.33	1.79	0.41	22.72
	秋Autumn	BC₂	○	1	175	612	0.68	97.64	1.48	0.31	20.88
	晚秋Late autumn	BC₃	○	1	188	678	5.00	75.74	1.12	0.22	19.29
2017	春Spring	BC₄	○	1	173	653	1.02	97.68	1.48	0.32	21.62
	秋Autumn	BC₅	○	1	161	580	2.5	94.65	1.78	0.34	19.24
	晚秋Late autumn	BC₆	○	1	198	660	11.27	74.56	1.29	0.25	19.38
2018	春Spring	S₁	○	1	212	678	7.68	83.33	1.56	0.35	22.53
	秋Autumn	S₂	□	16	154	586	3.12	95.02	1.50	0.31	20.31
	晚秋Late autumn	S₃	○	11	184	668	2.79	90.87	1.41	0.29	20.12
2019	春Spring	S₄	○	5	198	659	7.72	82.28	1.61	0.36	22.16
	秋Autumn	S₅	□	16	164	582	1.98	94.65	1.50	0.34	22.69
2020	春Spring	S₆	□	16	228	707	10.53	73.15	1.68	0.35	21.02
	秋Autumn	S₇	□	16	188	617	1.08	96.47	1.60	0.37	23.35
2021	春Spring	S₈	□	16	182	601	1.39	96.32	1.52	0.35	23.16
	秋Autumn	S₉	□	12	186	610	2.56	95.19	1.53	0.34	22.47

品种名 Variety	斑纹 Dapple	类型 Type	5龄期经过 Duration of 5^th instar/h	全龄龄期经过 Larval duration/h	死笼率 Dead cocoons ratio/%	虫蛹率 Larva- pupa rate/%	全茧量 Cocoon weight/g	茧层量 Cocoon shell weight/g	茧层率 Cocoon shell ratio/%
Cb	茶斑	供体亲本	154	579	4.01	87.55	1.22	0.17	14.31
	Multilunar marking	Donor parent
云蚕7A	普斑限性	供体亲本	207	644	2.18	94.35	1.79	0.40	22.33
Yuncan 7A	Sex-limited normal marking	Donor parent
菁松A Jingsong A	素斑 Plain	受体亲本(轮回亲本) Receptor parent (Reincarnation parent)	174	606	0.91	97.02	1.68	0.40	23.99
菁A茶限 Jing A Chaxian	茶斑限性 Sex-limited multilunar marking	新创建品系 Newly created strain	184	614	1.11	96.91	1.62	0.39	23.78
菁松B Jingsong B	素斑 Plain	受体亲本(轮回亲本) Receptor parent (Reincarnation parent)	188	612	1.98	95.76	1.61	0.37	23.01
菁B茶限 Jing B Chaxian	茶斑限性 Sex-limited multilunar marking	新创建品系 Newly created strain	185	609	1.24	96.40	1.56	0.36	23.26

家蚕素斑品种菁松的茶斑限性定向转育

The directional transfer of the plain silkworm variety Jingsong into a sex-limited multilunar silkworm variety

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