毛白杨凋落叶对节节麦种子萌发和表型可塑性的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.03.14

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (3): 615-623.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.03.14

毛白杨凋落叶对节节麦种子萌发和表型可塑性的影响

陈浩(), 张跃伟, 王宁, 王梓, 常青山

河南科技大学园艺与植物保护学院,河南洛阳 471000

收稿日期:2022-04-21 出版日期:2023-03-25 发布日期:2023-04-07
作者简介:陈浩(1988—),男,河南洛阳人,硕士,讲师,主要从事植物逆境生理研究。E-mail:kdlinch@163.com
基金资助:
河南省自然科学基金(182300410092)

Effects of litter leaves of Populus tomentosa Carr. on seed germination and phenotypic plasticity of Aegilops tauschii Coss.

CHEN Hao(), ZHANG Yuewei, WANG Ning, WANG Zi, CHANG Qingshan

College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China

Received:2022-04-21 Online:2023-03-25 Published:2023-04-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以节节麦(Aegilops tauschii Coss.)种子和幼苗为研究对象,分别用毛白杨(Populus tomentosa Carr.)凋落叶浸提液和毛白杨凋落叶进行处理,探讨毛白杨凋落叶化感防除节节麦的可行性,并分析节节麦在化感逆境中的入侵机制。结果表明:毛白杨凋落叶化感物质对节节麦种子和幼苗均能产生明显的低促高抑化感作用,5 mg·mL^-1凋落叶浸提液对种子萌发有促进效应,大于等于40 mg·mL^-1时转为抑制效应,使发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数显著(P<0.05)降低,60 mg·mL^-1时抑制作用最强;毛白杨凋落叶低添加量(30 g)时,显著促进节节麦各部分构件生物量积累,显著增加总叶面积;施用120 g凋落叶可强烈抑制其生长,使根、茎、叶生物量,以及总叶面积、平均叶面积、叶生物量比、叶根比、相对生长速率显著(P<0.05)降低,证明毛白杨凋落叶对节节麦具备一定的化感作用,具备抑草潜力,高浓度毛白杨凋落叶化感物质显著抑制其种子萌发和植株生长。节节麦作为入侵植物,在适应环境的过程中,根、茎、叶均表现出较强的表型可塑性,尤其是叶片相关指标,总叶面积、叶重、叶生物量比的表型可塑性指数分别为0.81、0.78、0.34。

关键词: 节节麦, 毛白杨, 化感作用, 表型可塑性

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to investigate the allelopathic effects of leaf litter extraction and litter decomposition of Populus tomentosa Carr. on seeds and seedings of Aegilops tauschii Coss. Seeds and seedlings of A.tauschi were used as materials in the experiment, and the dish method and pot method were used respectively. The results showed that the regulation of allelopathic substances of P. tomentosa Carr. litters had a concentration effect. The concentration aqueous extract of P. tomentosa Carr. promoted germination at low concentration (5 mg·mL^-1) and significantly (P<0.05) inhibited it at high concentration (40, 60 mg·mL^-1). The biomass accumulation and total leaf area were significantly (P<0.05) increased with low leaf litter addition (30 g) of P. tomentosa Carr. to the soil, while in the treatment of high addition (120 g), biomass accumulation, total leaf area, mean leaf area, leaf area ratio, leaf area root mass ratio and relative growth rate were significantly inhibited. The leaves of P. tomentosa Carr. had an allelopathic effect on A. tauschii Coss, high concentrations of allelochemicals in the fallen leaves of P. tomentosa Carr. significantly inhibit seed germination and plant growth of A. tauschii Coss. On the other hand, A. tauschii Coss. showed high phenotypic plasticity in adapting to the environment of fallen leaves of P. tomentosa Carr, leaf had the highest phenotypic plasticity among all plant components, phenotypic plasticity index of total leaf area, leaf biomass, leaf biomass allocation were 0.81, 0.78 and 0.34, respectively.

Key words: Aegilops tauschii Coss., Populus tomentosa Carr., allelopathy, phenotypic plasticity

中图分类号:

S451

陈浩, 张跃伟, 王宁, 王梓, 常青山. 毛白杨凋落叶对节节麦种子萌发和表型可塑性的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(3): 615-623.

CHEN Hao, ZHANG Yuewei, WANG Ning, WANG Zi, CHANG Qingshan. Effects of litter leaves of Populus tomentosa Carr. on seed germination and phenotypic plasticity of Aegilops tauschii Coss.[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(3): 615-623.

图/表 7

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浸提液浓度 Leachate concentrations/(mg·mL^-1)	发芽率 Germination rate/%	发芽势 Germination energy/%	发芽指数 Germination index	平均发芽时间 Mean germination time/d
0	60.67±4.67 a	37.33±1.33 ab	9.27±0.49 ab	4.27±0.10 ab
5	64.67±4.37 a	47.33±1.33 a	10.45±0.06 a	3.67±0.30 b
10	58.67±1.33 a	35.33±5.33 ab	8.34±0.67 ab	4.75±0.39 a
20	55.33±2.91 ab	30.67±4.67 bc	7.34±0.77 b	4.63±0.27 ab
40	44.00±6.11 bc	18.67±3.93 cd	5.12±1.15 c	5.33±0.51 a
60	33.33±4.81 c	17.33±1.33 d	4.05±0.51 c	4.61±0.11 ab

浸提液浓度 Leachate concentrations/(mg·mL^-1)	发芽率 Germination rate/%	发芽势 Germination energy/%	发芽指数 Germination index	平均发芽时间 Mean germination time/d
0	60.67±4.67 a	37.33±1.33 ab	9.27±0.49 ab	4.27±0.10 ab
5	64.67±4.37 a	47.33±1.33 a	10.45±0.06 a	3.67±0.30 b
10	58.67±1.33 a	35.33±5.33 ab	8.34±0.67 ab	4.75±0.39 a
20	55.33±2.91 ab	30.67±4.67 bc	7.34±0.77 b	4.63±0.27 ab
40	44.00±6.11 bc	18.67±3.93 cd	5.12±1.15 c	5.33±0.51 a
60	33.33±4.81 c	17.33±1.33 d	4.05±0.51 c	4.61±0.11 ab

处理 Treatments	生物量Biomass
处理 Treatments	叶Leaf	根Root	茎Stem	地上部Aboveground	总Total
CK	0.255±0.013 b	0.095±0.005 b	0.789±0.025 ab	1.044±0.035 b	1.139±0.040 b
Y30	0.384±0.023 a	0.141±0.008 a	1.024±0.148 a	1.408±0.157 a	1.549±0.161 a
Y60	0.223±0.007 b	0.116±0.006 b	0.728±0.037 b	0.951±0.038 b	1.067±0.042 b
Y120	0.085±0.012 c	0.059±0.012 c	0.393±0.066 c	0.478±0.072 c	0.537±0.082 c

处理 Treatments	生物量Biomass
处理 Treatments	叶Leaf	根Root	茎Stem	地上部Aboveground	总Total
CK	0.255±0.013 b	0.095±0.005 b	0.789±0.025 ab	1.044±0.035 b	1.139±0.040 b
Y30	0.384±0.023 a	0.141±0.008 a	1.024±0.148 a	1.408±0.157 a	1.549±0.161 a
Y60	0.223±0.007 b	0.116±0.006 b	0.728±0.037 b	0.951±0.038 b	1.067±0.042 b
Y120	0.085±0.012 c	0.059±0.012 c	0.393±0.066 c	0.478±0.072 c	0.537±0.082 c

处理 Treatments	生物量比Biomass allocation/%			叶重分数 Leaf mass fraction/(g·g^-1)	根冠比 Root to shoot ratio
处理 Treatments	叶Leaf	根Root	茎Stem	叶重分数 Leaf mass fraction/(g·g^-1)	根冠比 Root to shoot ratio
CK	22.33±0.71 a	8.33±0.27 b	69.34±0.63 a	0.244±0.007 ab	0.091±0.003 b
Y30	25.47±2.14 a	9.38±0.83 ab	65.15±2.93 a	0.282±0.026 a	0.104±0.011 ab
Y60	21.02±0.92 ab	10.90±0.28 a	68.08±0.84 a	0.236±0.012 ab	0.122±0.004 a
Y120	16.79±2.14 b	10.75±0.89 a	72.46±2.40 a	0.188±0.024 b	0.121±0.011 a

毛白杨凋落叶对节节麦种子萌发和表型可塑性的影响

Effects of litter leaves of Populus tomentosa Carr. on seed germination and phenotypic plasticity of Aegilops tauschii Coss.

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处理 Treatments	总叶面积 Total leaf area/cm²	平均叶面积 Mean leaf area/cm²	叶面积比 Leaf area ratio/(cm²·g^-1)	比叶面积 Specific leaf area/(cm²·g^-1)	叶根比 Leaf area root mass ratio/(cm²·g^-1)
CK	42.90±2.801 b	3.34±0.18 a	37.81±2.663 a	168.90±9.01 a	459.70±46.20 a
Y30	57.30±4.347 a	3.36±0.14 a	42.75±4.126 a	167.40±5.10 a	456.40±22.10 a
Y60	35.39±3.845 b	2.70±0.27 b	33.75±4.604 ab	158.50±16.85 a	313.40±48.90 b
Y120	12.06±1.416 c	1.66±0.14 c	23.44±1.987 b	142.90±6.81 b	223.60±24.65 b

处理 Treatments	平均相对生长速率 Relative growth rate/(g·g^-1·d^-1)	净同化速率 Net assimilation rate/(g·m^-2·d^-1)	平均叶面积比 Average leaf area ratio/(m²·kg^-1)
CK	0.060±0.001 ab	9.881±0.516 a	6.158±0.267 a
Y30	0.068±0.003 a	10.750±1.120 a	6.451±0.426 a
Y60	0.059±0.001 b	10.490±1.042 a	5.776±0.475 a
Y120	0.040±0.004 c	7.945±1.231 a	5.262±0.331 a

浸提液浓度 Leachate concentrations/ (mg·mL^-1)	化感效应指数Response index				综合化感效应 Synthetical allelopathic effect
浸提液浓度 Leachate concentrations/ (mg·mL^-1)	发芽率 Germination rate	发芽势 Germination energy	发芽指数 Germination index	平均发芽时间 Mean germination time	综合化感效应 Synthetical allelopathic effect
5	0.06	0.21	0.11	0.14	0.13
10	-0.03	-0.05	-0.10	-0.10	-0.07
20	-0.09	-0.18	-0.21	-0.08	-0.14
40	-0.27	-0.50	-0.45	-0.20	-0.36
60	-0.45	-0.54	-0.56	-0.07	-0.41

处理 Treatments	化感效应指数Response index						综合化感效应 Synthetical allelopathic effect
处理 Treatments	叶重 Leaf biomass	根重 Root biomass	茎重 Stem biomass	总重 Total biomass	总叶面积 Total leaf area	平均相对生长速率 Relative growth rate	综合化感效应 Synthetical allelopathic effect
Y30	0.34	0.33	0.23	0.26	0.33	0.11	0.27
Y60	-0.12	0.22	-0.08	-0.06	-0.18	-0.13	-0.06
Y120	-0.66	-0.38	-0.5	-0.53	-0.72	-0.33	-0.52

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