油菜脱出物双向切流喂入式旋风分离清选装置的设计与试验

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.05.22

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 1178-1186.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.05.22

油菜脱出物双向切流喂入式旋风分离清选装置的设计与试验

沈宇峰¹(), 罗海峰²^,^*(), 吴明亮², 官春云³

1.长沙航空职业技术学院,湖南长沙 410124
2.湖南农业大学机电工程学院,湖南长沙 410128
3.南方粮油作物协同创新中心,湖南长沙 410128

收稿日期:2021-12-07 出版日期:2023-05-25 发布日期:2023-06-01
作者简介:沈宇峰(1991—),男,湖北随州人,硕士研究生,主要从事机械创新设计与试验研究工作。E-mail:359736619@qq.com
通讯作者: *罗海峰,E-mail: luohaifeng@hunau.edu.cn
基金资助:
湖南省重点领域研发计划项目(2019NK2151)

Design and test of bidirectional tangential flow feeding cyclone separation and cleaning device for rapeseed separation

SHEN Yufeng¹(), LUO Haifeng²^,^*(), WU Mingliang², GUAN Chunyun³

1. Changsha Aeronautical Vocational and Technical College, Changsha 410124, China
2. Electromechanical Engineering College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
3. Collaporative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Changsha 410128, China

Received:2021-12-07 Online:2023-05-25 Published:2023-06-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为满足小型油菜联合收获机清选要求,创新设计了一种油菜脱出物双向切入式旋风分离清选装置。对其圆筒筛、双向输送绞龙、双向切入式旋风分离筒、吸杂风机等关键部件进行了结构设计和参数确定,试制了样机并实施了室内台架试验。选取对清选性能影响较大的喂入量、抛料板转速、吸杂风机转速为因素,籽粒清洁率与损失率为评价指标开展单因素试验,以探明喂入量、抛料板转速和吸杂风机转速的较优范围; 在此基础上开展了正交试验以寻求喂入量、抛料板转速、吸杂风机转速的优化参数组合。单因素试验结果表明,在喂入量不超过0.07 kg·s^-1、抛料板转速为600~800 r·min^-1、吸杂风机转速为1 600~1 800 r·min^-1时,籽粒清洁率≥94%,清选损失率≤8%。正交试验结果表明,影响清选性能的主次因素依次为:吸杂风机转速、喂入量、抛料板转速,优化参数组合为喂入量0.06 kg·s^-1、抛料板转速700 r·min^-1、吸杂风机转速1 800 r·min^-1,对应的籽粒清洁率为97.1%,损失率为4.8%,远超国家标准要求,清选性能较好。研究结果为小型油菜联合收获机清选装置设计和运用提供了理论参考依据。

关键词: 油菜脱出物, 双向切入式, 旋风分离, 清选装置

Abstract:

In order to meet the cleaning requirements of small rapeseed combine harvesters, a two-way cut-in cyclone separation and cleaning device for rapeseed separation was innovatively designed. The key components such as the cylindrical screen, the two-way conveying auger, the two-way cut-in cyclone separator, and the suction fan were designed and parameters were determined. The prototype was trial-produced and the indoor bench test was carried out. A single factor test was carried out with the feeding rate, the speed of the throwing plate and the speed of the suction fan as the factors that had a great impact on the cleaning performance, and the grain cleaning rate and loss rate were selected as the evaluation indexes, so as to find out the better range of the feeding rate, the speed of the throwing plate and the speed of the suction fan. The parameter combination of the feeding rate,the speed of the throwing plate and the speed of the suction fan were optimized. The single factor test results showed that under the condition that the feeding rate did not exceed 0.07 kg·s^-1, the speed of the throwing plate was 600-800 r·min^-1 and the speed of the suction fan was 1 600-1 800 r·min^-1, the cleaning rate was ≥94%, and the cleaning loss rate was ≤8%. The orthogonal test results showed that the primary and secondary factors that affected the cleaning performance were: the speed of the suction fan, the feeding rate, and the speed of the throwing plate. The optimized parameter combination was that the feeding rate was 0.06 kg · s^-1, the speed of throwing plate was 700 r · min^-1, and the speed of suction fan was 1 800 r· min^-1. The corresponding grain cleaning rate was 97.1% and the loss rate was 4.8%, far exceeded the requirements of national standards, with good cleaning performance. The research results provide a theoretical reference for the design and application of the cleaning device of the small rapeseed combine harvester.

Key words: rapeseed separation, two way cut in, cyclone separation, cleaning device

中图分类号:

S233.4

沈宇峰, 罗海峰, 吴明亮, 官春云. 油菜脱出物双向切流喂入式旋风分离清选装置的设计与试验[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(5): 1178-1186.

SHEN Yufeng, LUO Haifeng, WU Mingliang, GUAN Chunyun. Design and test of bidirectional tangential flow feeding cyclone separation and cleaning device for rapeseed separation[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(5): 1178-1186.

图/表 12

图1 双向切入式旋风分离清选装置 1,物料喂入口;2,固定毛刷;3,圆筒筛轴;4,圆筒筛;5,双向输送绞龙;6,落料管;7,吸杂口;8,抛料板;9,切向入口;10,旋风分离筒;11,落料口; 12,出风口;13,吸杂风机;14,吸杂管道;15,排杂口。

Fig.1 Structure diagram of bidirectional cyclone separation and cleaning system 1, Material feed inlet; 2, Fixed brush; 3, Cylinder screen shaft; 4, Cylinder screen; 5, Two-way conveying auger; 6, Blanking pipe; 7, Suction port; 8, Throwing plate; 9, Tangential inlet; 10, Cyclone separator; 11, Blanking port; 12, Air outlet; 13, Suction fan; 14, Suction pipe; 15, Miscellaneous discharge port.

图2 圆筒筛的展开图

Fig.2 Expanded view of cylinder screen

图3 油菜籽粒直径变化曲线

Fig.3 Variation curve of rape grain diameter

图4 物料受力分析图

Fig.4 Analysis diagram of material stress

图5 双向切入式旋风分离筒结构简图

Fig.5 Structure diagram of bidirectional cut-in cyclone separator

图6 双向切入式旋风分离清选试验台

Fig.6 Two way cut-in cyclone separation and cleaning test bed

图7 不同喂入量对清选性能指标的影响

Fig.7 Effect of different feeding rate on cleaning performance index

图8 不同抛料板转速对清选性能指标的影响

Fig.8 Effect of different speeds of throwing plate on cleaning performance index

图9 不同吸杂风机转速对清选性能指标的影响

Fig.9 Effect of different speeds of suction fan on cleaning performance index

表1 正交试验因素和水平

Table 1 Orthogonal experimental factors and levels

水平 Level	因素Factor
水平 Level	A喂入量 Feeding rate/ (kg·s^-1)	B抛料板转速 Speed of throwing plate/ (r·min^-1)	C吸杂风机转速 Speed of suction fan/ (r·min^-1)
1	0.05	600	1 600
2	0.06	700	1 700
3	0.07	800	1 800

表2 正交试验因素结果

Table 2 Orthogonal test factor results

试验号 No.	A/(kg·s^-1)	B/( r·min^-1)	C/( r·min^-1)	清洁率 Cleaning rate/%	损失率 Loss rate/%	清洁率隶属度 Membership degree of cleanliness rate	损失率隶属度 Membership degree of loss rate	综合评分 Comprehensive score
1	0.05	600	1 600	95.4	5.6	0.60	0.01	0.21
2	0.05	700	1 700	96.1	7.8	0.80	0.59	0.67
3	0.05	800	1 800	95.8	9.1	0.71	0.95	0.86
4	0.06	600	1 700	95.2	7.2	0.54	0.43	0.47
5	0.06	700	1 800	96.8	9.3	1.00	1.00	1.00
6	0.06	800	1 600	95.9	6.9	0.74	0.35	0.49
7	0.07	600	1 800	94.1	8.1	0.23	0.68	0.52
8	0.07	700	1 600	93.3	6.7	0.01	0.30	0.19
9	0.07	800	1 700	93.9	6.5	0.17	0.24	0.22

表3 极差分析结果

Table 3 Results of range analysis

因素 Factor	综合评分Comprehensive score
因素 Factor	K₁	K₂	K₃	R	最优水平 Optimal level
A喂入量Feeding rate	1.74	1.96	0.93	1.03	2
B抛料板转速	1.20	1.86	1.57	0.66	2
Speed of throwing plate
C吸杂风机转速	0.89	1.36	2.38	1.49	3
Speed of suction fan

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油菜脱出物双向切流喂入式旋风分离清选装置的设计与试验

Design and test of bidirectional tangential flow feeding cyclone separation and cleaning device for rapeseed separation

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