浙江农业学报

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长江赣皖段中华绒螯蟹成体资源变动及资源保护对策

  

  1. (1.中国水产科学研究院 东海水产研究所,农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,上海 200090; 2.上海海洋大学 水产与生命学院,上海 201306; 3.江西省水产科学研究所 中心实验室,江西 南昌 330039)
  • 出版日期:2016-04-25 发布日期:2016-04-27

Present situation of Eriocheir sinensis resources and protection countermeasures in Jiangxi and Anhui reaches of Yangtze River#br#

  1. (1. East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, China; 2. College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; 3. Central Laboratory, Jiangxi Institute for Fisheries Sciences, Nanchang 330039, China)
  • Online:2016-04-25 Published:2016-04-27

摘要: 采用沿江实地调查、跟船监测、渔民访谈和渔政部门核实相结合的方式,调查了2008—2014年长江中下游江西、安徽段中华绒螯蟹成体资源变动情况。研究表明:长江中下游江西、安徽段汛期时间和捕捞期均有变化,中游捕捞期增加了20~30 d,下游捕捞期减少了7~12 d;成蟹渔获物平均体质量达到了大蟹标准,肥满度均值达到了一级蟹标准。研究还发现,2008—2014年中华绒螯蟹捕捞量呈现一个先升后降的“∧”形曲线,与同期长江水质污染物总量存在显著的负相关关系。在此基础上,针对长江水系中华绒螯蟹资源保护,提出了强化长江污染物排放总量控制,设立长江口中华绒螯蟹产卵场保护区;加强长江渔政管理力度,畅通中华绒螯蟹洄游通道;继续加大长江中华绒螯蟹增殖放流力度,采取生态调度等管理对策。

关键词: 中华绒螯蟹, 蟹汛, 资源量, 长江

Abstract: In 2008-2014, the changes of adult mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis resources were investigated in Jiangxi, Anhui reaches of Yangtze River by field survey, ship monitoring, interviews with fishermen and fishery administrations. It was shown that the crab fishing season and fishing period has changed in both Jiangxi and Anhui reaches of Yangtze River. In midstream, fishing period increased by 20 to 30 d, while, fishing period decreased by 7 to 12 d in downstream. Statistics showed that the average individual weight of crab reached the big crab standard, and the mean fatness value exceeded the standard level of crab. During 2008 to 2014, the quantity of crab captured increased first and then decreased as the “∧” shaped curve a significant negative correlation with the total pollutant of Yangtze River water. On this basis, for the protection of mitten crab in Yangtze River, suggestions were proposed as follows: strengthening the control of pollutant discharge in Yangtze River; establishing protected areas of crab in Yangtze River Estuary; strengthening fishery management in Yangtze River; smoothing crab migration routes; enhancing propagation and releasing of crab; exploring ecological scheduling and so on.

Key words: Eriocheir sinensis, crab fishing season, resource, Yangtze River