浙江农业学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (3): 353-359.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.03.01

• 作物科学 •    下一篇

叶面喷施有机氮和无机氮对旱作水稻生理特性的影响

武美燕   

  1. 长江大学 农学院/湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程中心,湖北 荆州 434025
  • 收稿日期:2016-08-22 出版日期:2017-03-20 发布日期:2017-03-31
  • 作者简介:武美燕(1977—),女,内蒙古呼和浩特人,博士,副教授,主要从事植物营养逆境生理方面的研究工作。E-mail:wumeiyan2002 @163.com
  • 基金资助:
    湖北省教育厅青年基金项目(Q20121211); 湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程中心开放基金(KF201506); 河南商丘农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站开放基金(SQZ2015-03)

Effects of spraying organic and inorganic nitrogen on physiological characteristics of rice in dry cultivation

WU Meiyan   

  1. College of Agriculture, Yangtze University/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Jingzhou 434025, China
  • Received:2016-08-22 Online:2017-03-20 Published:2017-03-31

摘要: 主要探讨了干旱胁迫下有机氮和无机氮对旱作水稻生理特性的影响,为有机氮应用于旱作水稻生产及有机营养肥料的研发提供理论依据。以杂交中稻两优培九为试验材料,通过盆栽方法模拟水稻孕穗期遭遇干旱胁迫,以常规旱作管理(WSM)和喷施清水(DW)为对照,研究了叶面喷施硫酸铵(AS)、甘氨酸(Gly)和谷氨酸(Glu)对水稻叶片叶绿素含量、保护酶活性、渗透调节物质含量、产量和蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明,与常规旱作管理相比,干旱胁迫导致水稻叶片叶绿素含量下降,丙二醛(MDA)含量显著上升,最终使得水稻减产。喷施硫酸铵、甘氨酸和谷氨酸后,不同程度地提高了水稻叶片叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,降低了MDA含量,并使水稻叶片中脯氨酸(Pro)含量、游离氨基酸总量(TFA)和可溶性蛋白(SP)含量显著增加,从而提高了水稻产量和蛋白质含量,产量的提高主要是由于穗粒数、千粒重和结实率明显增加。硫酸铵和甘氨酸处理效果较好,2个处理间没有显著差异,与清水对照相比,喷施硫酸铵使水稻产量和蛋白质含量分别提高了56.3%和20.5%,喷施甘氨酸分别比对照提高了44.2%和22.0%。无论有机氮还是无机氮,均可通过提高抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量,降低干旱胁迫下旱作水稻植株的过氧化物质含量,增强旱作水稻抵抗干旱的能力。

关键词: 有机氮, 保护酶, 渗透调节, 旱作水稻

Abstract: A potted culture experiment was conducted to study the effects of organic and inorganic nitrogen on physiological characteristics of rice in dry cultivation, the results would provide a scientific basis for the application of organic nitrogen in rice production and the development of organic fertilizer. The effect of spraying ammonium sulphate (AS), glycine (Gly) and glutamine (Glu) on the leaf surface of rice (Oryza sativa L., Liangyoupeijiu) in dry cultivation under drought stress at the booting stage was evaluated with water-saving management (WSM) and distilled water (DW) as the control, and the chlorophyll content, protective enzymes, osmotic regulation matters, yield and protein content of rice were measured. The results showed that chlorophyll content and yield were decreased, and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased obviously compared to WSM (P<0.05). After spraying AS, Gly and Glu, the chlorophyll content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) of flag leaves of rice in dry cultivation under drought stress were increased, and MDA content was decreased significantly. The osmotic regulators were enhanced, such as proline (Pro), total free amino acid (TFA) and the contents of soluble protein (SP). As a result, the yield and protein content of rice in dry cultivation were improved obviously (P<0.05). The increase of kernel numbers, 1000 grain yield and seed setting rate were the key point of harvesting higher yield for these treatments. Effects of AS and Gly were better than Glu, there was no significant difference between AS and Gly. Compared to DW, the yield and protein content of rice in dry cultivation were increased by 56.3% and 20.5% for AS and 44.2% and 22.0% for Gly. It suggested that spraying exogenous organic and inorganic nitrogen on rice in dry cultivation under drought stress could help rice keeping low peroxide contents and enhance rice resistance to drought by increasing activities of antioxidant enzymes and contents of osmotic regulators.

Key words: organic nitrogen, protective enzyme, osmotic regulation, rice in dry cultivation

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