浙江农业学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (3): 469-476.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.03.17

• 环境科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

菜-稻耦合梯级消纳氮磷模式研究

冯云钰, 罗龙皂, 田光明*   

  1. 浙江大学 环境与资源学院 环境生态工程研究所,浙江 杭州 310058
  • 收稿日期:2016-11-08 出版日期:2017-03-20 发布日期:2017-03-31
  • 通讯作者: 田光明,E-mail:gmtian@zju.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:冯云钰(1991—),女,四川泸州人,硕士研究生,从事农业面源污染控制研究。E-mail:fyyxinyuan@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2014ZX07101-012)

Study on greenhouse vegetables-paddy coupled mode in interception of nitrogen and phosphorus

FENG Yunyu, LUO Longzao, TIAN Guangming*   

  1. Institution of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
  • Received:2016-11-08 Online:2017-03-20 Published:2017-03-31

摘要: 针对设施蔬菜施肥强度高、灌溉量大等造成的氮磷流失问题,利用稻田具有净化进水污染物的作用,构建菜-稻耦合梯级消纳氮磷模式,在研究设施蔬菜产流规律、稻田田面水氮磷动态特征的基础上,通过对不同面积比的菜-稻耦合模式氮磷净排量估算,探讨常规水肥管理水平下菜-稻耦合模式氮磷减排的可行性。结果表明,设施蔬菜产流多发生在播种时的灌溉期间,单茬蔬菜季总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)平均流失量分别为4.97和0.42 kg·hm-2。施肥显著影响稻田田面水氮磷浓度:氮肥施入后田面水TN和铵态氮(NH4+-N)浓度分别在1 和2 d 内达到峰值,之后不断下降并在7 d 后趋于稳定;硝态氮(NO3--N)浓度在3~5 d 内达到峰值,9 d后趋于稳定;田面水TP和溶解态磷(DP)浓度在磷肥施入后1 d 内达到峰值,之后不断下降,10 d后趋于稳定。相较于对照的非耦合情形,菜-稻耦合模式具有减氮控磷的效果,当菜-稻面积比为1∶3时,可实现TN减排32.66%,TP减排37.72%。

关键词: 菜-稻耦合, 氮磷减排, 产流, 田面水, 氮磷净排量

Abstract: Greenhouse vegetables are prone to lager nitrogen and phosphorus loss caused by the intensive fertilization and flooding irrigation. Considering the potential capacity of paddy field which could purify the inflow, the present research on greenhouse vegetables-paddy coupled mode in nitrogen and phosphorus interception was carried out. Based on the studies of the greenhouse vegetables outflow and the dynamic characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in the paddy field surface water, the nitrogen and phosphorus discharge of the coupled mode with different area ratios was estimated and the feasibility of nitrogen and phosphorus reduction under the coupled mode was investigated. It was shown that the water outflow of greenhouse vegetables mainly occurred during the irrigation period of planting, the average loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in a single crop season was 4.97 and 0.42 kg·hm-2, respectively. The nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in paddy field surface water were significantly influenced by fertilization. The peak concentration of total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen occurred on the 1st and 2nd day after fertilization, and descended to a low level and became stable within 7 d. The peak concentration of nitrate nitrogen in the surface water occurred during the 3rd day to 5th day and decreased to a stable background level 9 d later. Total phosphorus and dissolved phosphorus concentration in surface water showed similar variation trends, reaching peak values on the 1st day after application of phosphate fertilizer, and getting stable within 10 d. Compared with uncoupled mode, the greenhouse vegetables-paddy coupled mode could achieve nitrogen and phosphorus interception under the conventional fertilization level, and mitigate the emission of total nitrogen and total phosphorus by 32.66% and 37.72%, respectively, when the area ratio was 1∶3.

Key words: greenhouse vegetables-paddy coupled mode, nitrogen and phosphorus reduction, outflow, surface water, net discharge of nitrogen and phosphorus

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