岩溶槽谷区撂荒耕地空间分异特征及其驱动因子

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.06.10

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 1049-1061.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.06.10

岩溶槽谷区撂荒耕地空间分异特征及其驱动因子

施厚军¹(), 兰安军¹^,²^,^*(), 易兴松³, 翟香¹, 廖艳梅¹, 钟九生¹^,²

1.贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵州贵阳 550025
2.国家喀斯特石漠化防治工程技术研究中心,贵州贵阳 550001
3.贵州大学林学院,贵州贵阳 550004

收稿日期:2020-12-14 出版日期:2021-06-25 发布日期:2021-06-25
通讯作者: 兰安军
作者简介:*兰安军,E-mail: 493486980@qq.com
施厚军(1993—),男,贵州毕节人,硕士研究生,研究方向为遥感与地理信息系统应用。E-mail: 1787326997@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41661081);贵州省科技计划(黔科合平台人才〔2017〕5726-56)

Spatial differentiation characteristics and driving factors of abandoned cultivated land in Karst trough valley

SHI Houjun¹(), LAN Anjun¹^,²^,^*(), YI Xingsong³, ZHAI Xiang¹, LIAO Yanmei¹, ZHONG Jiusheng¹^,²

1. School of Geography & Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
2. State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, China
3. College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550004, China

Received:2020-12-14 Online:2021-06-25 Published:2021-06-25
Contact: LAN Anjun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以地处岩溶槽谷区的贵州省铜仁市碧江区和万山区为研究区,以2017年土地利用变更调查数据库和2019年高分遥感影像为基础,经目视解译和野外实地调查获取撂荒耕地数据,运用热点分析揭示撂荒耕地的空间分异特征,并采用二分类Logistic回归模型分析撂荒耕地的驱动因子。结果表明:研究区耕地总体撂荒率为17.32%,旱地撂荒率比水田高,分别为23.54%和9.52%。撂荒水田的极热点区分布于西南部和东北部的城乡结合部乡镇,冷点区空间分布规律不明显;撂荒旱地的极热点区分布于西部和东北部的城乡结合部乡镇,极冷点区和冷点区主要分布于东部乡镇。水田和旱地撂荒的驱动因子大致相同,但主次有所差异。水田撂荒的驱动因子从高到低依次为地块面积>距聚落距离>坡度>灌溉距离>交通距离>高程>地块形状指数,旱地撂荒的驱动因子从高到低依次为距聚落距离>地块面积>坡度>灌溉距离>高程>交通距离>地块形状指数。总体而言,岩溶槽谷区耕地撂荒的主要驱动因子是距聚落距离,说明劳动力析出、农村空心化是影响耕地撂荒的主要原因。同时,地块面积、坡度、灌溉距离等也与耕地撂荒密切相关。

关键词: 耕地撂荒, 空间分异, 驱动因子, 热点分析, 岩溶槽谷区

Abstract:

To understand the spatial differentiation characteristics of abandoned cultivated land and its driving factors, Bijiang District and Wanshan District, Tongren City, Guizhou Province, located in the Karst trough valley area, were selected as the study area in the present study. The data of abandoned cultivated land was obtained through visual interpretation based on the 2017 land use change survey database and 2019 high-scoring remote sensing imagery and field surveys. The hot spots were used to analyze the spatial differentiation characteristics of abandoned cultivated land, and a two-class Logistic regression model was used to analyze driving factors. The results showed that the overall abandonment rate of cultivated land in the study area was 17.32%, and the abandonment rate of dry land (23.54%) was higher than that of paddy fields (9.52%). The extremely hot spots of abandoned paddy fields were distributed in the southwest and the rural-urban junction towns in the northeast, yet the spatial distribution of cold spots was not obvious. The extreme hot spots of abandoned dry land were distributed in the west and northeast, while the extreme cold and cold spots were mainly distributed in the east. The driving factors of paddy field and dry land abandonment were roughly the same, but the priority was different. The driving factors of the abandonment of paddy fields decreased as plot area>distance from settlement>slope>distance from irrigation>transportation distance>elevation>plot shape index, and the driving factors of the dry land abandonment decreased as distance from settlement>plot area>slope>distance from irrigation>elevation>transportation distance>plot shape index. In general, the main driving factor for the abandonment of cultivated land in the Karst trough valley was the distance from settlement, which indicated that the labor separation and rural hollowing were the main reasons for the abandonment of cultivated land. In addition, the abandonment of cultivated land was also closely related to the plot area, slope, distance from irrigation, etc.

Key words: farmland abandonment, spatial differentiation, driving factors, hot spot analysis, Karst trough valley

中图分类号:

F323.211

施厚军, 兰安军, 易兴松, 翟香, 廖艳梅, 钟九生. 岩溶槽谷区撂荒耕地空间分异特征及其驱动因子[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(6): 1049-1061.

SHI Houjun, LAN Anjun, YI Xingsong, ZHAI Xiang, LIAO Yanmei, ZHONG Jiusheng. Spatial differentiation characteristics and driving factors of abandoned cultivated land in Karst trough valley[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(6): 1049-1061.

图/表 11

参考文献 39

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变量类别 Variable category	指标 Variable	含义 Connotation
因变量 Dependent variable	耕地是否撂荒 Whether cultivated land is abandoned	0代表未撂荒,1代表撂荒 0, Unabandoned; 1, Abandoned
自变量 Independent variable	高程 Elevation/m	地块内高程的平均像元值 Average pixel value of elevation in the plot
	坡度 Slope/(°)	地块内坡度的平均像元值 Average pixel value of slope in the plot
	交通距离 Transportation distance/m	地块到道路的空间距离 Spatial distance between plot and road
	河流距离 Distance from river/m	地块到河流的空间距离 Spatial distance from plot to river
	距聚落距离 Distance from settlement/m	居民点到地块的空间距离 Spatial distance between settlement and plot
	灌溉距离 Distance from irrigation/m	地块到灌溉渠的空间距离 Spatial distance from plot to irrigation canal
	地块面积 Plot area/hm²	地块的面积大小 Size of the plot
	地块形状指数 Plot shape index	由式(5)计算 Calculated by formula (5)

变量类别 Variable category	指标 Variable	含义 Connotation
因变量 Dependent variable	耕地是否撂荒 Whether cultivated land is abandoned	0代表未撂荒,1代表撂荒 0, Unabandoned; 1, Abandoned
自变量 Independent variable	高程 Elevation/m	地块内高程的平均像元值 Average pixel value of elevation in the plot
	坡度 Slope/(°)	地块内坡度的平均像元值 Average pixel value of slope in the plot
	交通距离 Transportation distance/m	地块到道路的空间距离 Spatial distance between plot and road
	河流距离 Distance from river/m	地块到河流的空间距离 Spatial distance from plot to river
	距聚落距离 Distance from settlement/m	居民点到地块的空间距离 Spatial distance between settlement and plot
	灌溉距离 Distance from irrigation/m	地块到灌溉渠的空间距离 Spatial distance from plot to irrigation canal
	地块面积 Plot area/hm²	地块的面积大小 Size of the plot
	地块形状指数 Plot shape index	由式(5)计算 Calculated by formula (5)

类型 Type	耕地面积 Area of cultivated land/hm²	撂荒块数 Plot number of abandoned cultivated land	撂荒面积 Area of abandoned cultivated land/hm²	撂荒率 Abondaonment rate/%
水田Paddy field	14 159.93	2 913	1 347.72	9.52
旱地Dry land	17 749.32	10 145	4 179.07	23.54
合计Total	31 909.25	13 058	5 526.79	17.32

类型 Type	耕地面积 Area of cultivated land/hm²	撂荒块数 Plot number of abandoned cultivated land	撂荒面积 Area of abandoned cultivated land/hm²	撂荒率 Abondaonment rate/%
水田Paddy field	14 159.93	2 913	1 347.72	9.52
旱地Dry land	17 749.32	10 145	4 179.07	23.54
合计Total	31 909.25	13 058	5 526.79	17.32

乡(镇、街道) Town (Township, street)	耕地面积 Area of cultivated land/hm²	撂荒面积 Area of abandoned cultivated land/hm²	撂荒率 Abandonment rate/%
桐木坪乡Tongmuping Township	1 209.38	340.28	28.14
川硐镇Chuandong Town	1 434.61	385.38	26.86
云场坪镇Yunchangping Town	389.64	94.67	24.30
坝黄镇Bahuang Town	3 748.35	775.58	20.69
环北街道Huanbei Street	270.04	54.11	20.04
河西街道Hexi Street	437.16	82.67	18.91
鱼塘乡Yutang Township	4 675.82	864.52	18.49
灯塔街道Dengta Street	779.27	143.57	18.42
茶店街道Chadian Street	2 529.01	455.31	18.00
六龙山乡Liulongshan Township	508.97	91.06	17.89
万山镇Wanshan Town	142.14	24.18	17.01
滑石乡Huashi Township	2 574.01	436.23	16.95
大坪乡Daping Township	3 804.84	589.7	15.50
漾头镇Yangtou Town	527.38	81.54	15.46
高楼坪乡Gaolouping Township	1 986.19	303.83	15.30
和平乡Heping Township	1 892.27	286.47	15.14
谢桥街道Xieqiao Street	913.99	132.12	14.45
下溪乡Xiaxi Township	704.24	101.23	14.37
瓦屋乡Wawu Township	856.98	99.67	11.63
敖寨乡Aozhai Township	921.89	77.7	8.43
黄道乡Huangdao Township	1 602.28	106.96	6.68
市中街道Shizhong Street	0.82	0	0

岩溶槽谷区撂荒耕地空间分异特征及其驱动因子

Spatial differentiation characteristics and driving factors of abandoned cultivated land in Karst trough valley

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自变量 Independent variable	β	Wald χ2	P	发生比率 Odds ratio
高程Elevation	0.038	7.401	<0.01	0.999
坡度Slope	0.076	37.569	<0.01	0.979
交通距离Transportation distance	0.039	15.437	<0.01	0.973
河流距离Distance from river	0	23.367	0.064	1.000
距聚落距离Distance from settlement	0.045	46.824	<0.01	1.231
灌溉距离Distance from irrigation	0.001	24.587	<0.01	1.022
地块面积Plot area	-0.026	60.302	<0.01	0.999
地块形状指数Plot shape index	0.239	6.953	<0.01	1.043
常量Constant	0.912	4.643	0.028	1.879

自变量 Independent variable	β	Wald χ2	P	发生比率 Odds ratio
高程Elevation	0.021	29.004	<0.01	0.989
坡度Slope	0.061	43.101	<0.01	0.934
交通距离Transportation distance	0.022	14.078	<0.01	0.986
河流距离Distance from river	0	5.146	0.069	1.000
距聚落距离Distance from settlement	0.084	71.091	<0.01	1.032
灌溉距离Distance from irrigation	0.003	32.503	<0.01	1.014
地块面积Plot area	-0.001	62.213	<0.01	0.999
地块形状指数Plot shape index	0.147	11.981	<0.01	1.013
常量Constant	0.866	6.124	0.031	1.908