白菜型油菜黄芽白与甘蓝型油菜湘油15种间杂交及其杂种后代的遗传学特征

doi:10.3949/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.07.02

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (7): 1170-1176.DOI: 10.3949/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.07.02

白菜型油菜黄芽白与甘蓝型油菜湘油15种间杂交及其杂种后代的遗传学特征

陈纪鹏(), 刘小林, 李生强, 刘显军, 胡月清, 陈桃

宜春学院生命科学与资源环境学院,江西省作物生长发育调控重点实验室,江西宜春 336000

收稿日期:2020-10-01 出版日期:2021-07-25 发布日期:2021-08-06
作者简介:陈纪鹏(1974—),男,河南西平人,博士,副教授,主要从事油菜远缘杂交和细胞遗传研究。E-mail: chensi20020606@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31460357);江西省自然科学基金(20202BABL205017);江西省教育厅科研项目(GJJ170908)

Obtaining and genetic analysis of hybrid progeny between Brassica napus cv. Xiangyou 15 and Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis

CHEN Jipeng(), LIU Xiaolin, LI Shengqiang, LIU Xianjun, HU Yueqing, CHEN Tao

Key Laboratory of Regulation of Crop Growth and Development in Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China

Received:2020-10-01 Online:2021-07-25 Published:2021-08-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用人工杂交方法,以甘蓝型油菜湘油15和白菜型油菜黄芽白为亲本进行正反交获得杂种一代,杂种一代自交产生杂种二代。结果表明,以甘蓝型油菜为母本杂交容易获得杂种后代,而反交组合却比较困难。正反交杂种一代株型和叶片形态都与甘蓝型油菜接近。在花粉母细胞第一次减数分裂前期,染色体主要形成二价体或单价体,但也有少数染色体参与非同源联会形成多价体。第一次减数分裂和第二次减数分裂的中期和后期,落后染色体和染色体桥也较多出现在花粉母细胞中。杂种一代雄蕊发育不良,花粉育性低,自交结实率也比较低。杂种二代花粉育性极显著(P<0.01)提高,自交结实率也比杂种一代极显著(P<0.01)提高。预期经多代自交,杂种育性能得到较好恢复,可以作为甘蓝型油菜改良的遗传资源。

关键词: 甘蓝型油菜, 白菜型油菜, 种间杂交, 减数分裂, 育性

Abstract:

In the present study, Brassica napus cv. Xiangyou 15 and B. campestris ssp. pekinensis were used as parents to obtain the interspecific hybrid, and the second generation was gained by self-crossing to obtain rapeseed germplasm with valuable traits. And the meiosis of pollen mother cells (PMCs) were observed via microscope. The results showed that it was easier to obtain hybrid progenies when B. napus was used as female parent, but it was more difficult when B. campestris was used as female parent. The plant type and leaf morphology of progenies from reciprocal crosses were similar to those of B. napus. At the diakinesis, the majority of the chromosomes formed bivalents or univalents, and a few of chromosomes formed multivalents. At metaphase and anaphase, laggard chromosomes and anaphase bridges were observed in PMCs. The stamen did not develop very well and a lot of pollens were not fertile, and the seed setting rate was relatively low in the first generation. The pollen fertility and seed setting rate of the second generation were significantly (P<0.01) higher than those of the first generation. It is expected that the hybrid fertility will be restored well via selfing crossing, which can be used as genetic resources for further genetic improvement of B. napus.

Key words: Brassica napus, Brassica campestris, interspecific hybridization, meiosis, fertility

中图分类号:

S565.4

陈纪鹏, 刘小林, 李生强, 刘显军, 胡月清, 陈桃. 白菜型油菜黄芽白与甘蓝型油菜湘油15种间杂交及其杂种后代的遗传学特征[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(7): 1170-1176.

CHEN Jipeng, LIU Xiaolin, LI Shengqiang, LIU Xianjun, HU Yueqing, CHEN Tao. Obtaining and genetic analysis of hybrid progeny between Brassica napus cv. Xiangyou 15 and Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(7): 1170-1176.

图/表 4

表1 黄芽白与湘油15杂种后代的杂交亲和性

Table 1 Crossability for reciprocal crosses between B.campestris ssp. pekinensis and B.napus cv. Xiangyou 15

杂交组合 Combination	授粉花蕾数 Flowers pollinated	形成角数 Pods per plant	形成种子数 Seeds per pod	成苗数 Plants number	杂种数 Hybrids number	亲和指数 Affinity index/%
AACC×AA	345	228	380	256	156	45
AA×AACC	275	30	42	31	12	4

图1 黄芽白与湘油15种间杂种后代形态、花粉、花药和细胞学特征 A,甘蓝型油菜幼苗(标尺=20 cm);B,杂种一代F1幼苗(标尺=20 cm);C,黄芽白幼苗(标尺=20 cm);D,以湘油15为母本、黄芽白为父本授粉6 h后的花粉管萌发情况(标尺=1 mm);E,杂种一代花的雄蕊和雌蕊(雄蕊发育较慢,明显比雌蕊短)(标尺=1 cm);F,醋酸洋红染色杂种一代花粉(大而圆且着色较深的为可育花粉,小而瘪且着色较浅的为不育花粉)(标尺=1 mm);G,减数分裂前期的杂种二代花粉母细胞(标尺=10 μm);H,带有一个三价体(箭头所示)的终变期杂种一代花粉母细胞(标尺=10 μm);I,大部分染色体排列于中央、少数染色体分散于外围的杂种二代中期花粉母细胞(标尺=10 μm)。

Fig.1 Phenotype and cytology of hybrids between B.campestris ssp. pekinensis and B. napus cv. Xiangyou 15 A, Young plants of B. napus (scale bar=20 cm); B, Young plants of hybrid F1 (scale bar=20 cm); C, Young plants of B.campestris ssp. pekinensis (scale bar=20 cm); D, Germination of pollens on pistil after 6 h (scale bar=1 mm); E, Stamina and pistils of hybrid F1 (scale bar=1 cm); F, pollens of hybrid F1 (scale bar=1 mm); G, One pollen mother cell (PMC) of hybrid F2 in meiotic prophase (scale bars=10 μm); H, One PMC of hybrid F1 with one trivalents in diakinesis (arrow indicates) (scale bars=10 μm); I, One PMC of hybrid F2 with lagged chromosomes in metaphase I (scale bars=10 μm).

表2 黄芽白与湘油15杂种后代的形态学和育性特征

Table 2 Phenotypes of hybrids from reciprocal crosses between B. campestris ssp. pekinensis and B. napus cv. Xiangyou 15

杂交组合 Combination	株高 Plant height/cm	第一分枝高度 Branching position/cm	一级分枝数 Number of first branches	可育花粉比例 Ratio of fertile pollens/%	每株角果数 Pods per plant	每个角果种子粒数 Seeds per pod
AACC×AA	205.2±26.0	45.2±10.4	13.5±3.7	100.0±0	458.5±84.5	25.6±4.8
AA×AACC	152.9±15.5	20.8±8.5	10.1±3.0	97.1±2.1	202.5±58.2	17.5±4.0
F₁	228.5±25.0	40.8±12.7	16.5±2.0	49.4±5.6	480.8±52.2	7.4±3.8
F₁'	197.2±18.3	38.6±17.2	11.5±2.5	47.8±4.0	352.8±47.5	4.5±2.4
F₂	211.3±17.5	45.2±11.8	15.6±5.4	61.7±7.4	461.4±63.3	10.2±5.5
F₂'	215.5±15.6	40.6±13.4	12.4±4.5	55.9±3.7	361.1±21.9	7.1±2.1

表3 黄芽白与湘油15杂种后代的减数分裂染色体联会构型

Table 3 Meiotic configurations in hybrids between B. campestris ssp. pekinensis and B. napus cv. Xiangyou 15

杂交组合 Combination	2n	花粉母细胞数 Number of pollen mother cells	各染色体联会形式的数量(比例) Number (proportion) of various associations
杂交组合 Combination	2n	花粉母细胞数 Number of pollen mother cells	9Ⅰ	7Ⅰ	5Ⅰ	1Ⅲ	1Ⅳ
F₁	29	58	27(47%)	18(31%)	11(19%)	2(3%)	0(0)
F₁'	29	60	26(43%)	19(32%)	11(18%)	2(3%)	2(3%)
F₂	25~27	57	24(42%)	17(30%)	12(21%)	3(5%)	1(2%)
F₂'	25~27	63	30(48%)	19(30%)	9(15%)	2(3%)	3(5%)

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白菜型油菜黄芽白与甘蓝型油菜湘油15种间杂交及其杂种后代的遗传学特征

Obtaining and genetic analysis of hybrid progeny between Brassica napus cv. Xiangyou 15 and Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis

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