饲粮中添加牛至精油对芦花鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、器官指数和肠道形态的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.01.06

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 41-49.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.01.06

饲粮中添加牛至精油对芦花鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、器官指数和肠道形态的影响

江小帆¹(), 吴涛¹, 魏玉明², 杨发荣², 陈国顺¹, 焦婷³, 蔡原¹^,^*(), 赵生国¹

1.甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,甘肃兰州 730070
2.甘肃省农业科学院畜草与绿色农业研究所,甘肃兰州 730070
3.甘肃农业大学草业学院,甘肃兰州 730070

收稿日期:2021-04-29 出版日期:2022-01-25 发布日期:2022-02-05
通讯作者: 蔡原
作者简介:* 蔡原,E-mail: caiyuan@gsau.edu.cn
江小帆(1984—),女,甘肃定西人,硕士,讲师,研究方向为畜禽动物健康养殖。E-mail: 407951091@qq.com
基金资助:
中央引导地方科技发展专项;甘肃省科协学会助力精准扶贫项目(甘科协20190002);甘肃省现代农业科技支撑体系区域创新中心重点科技项目(2019GAAS51);兰州市科技计划(2020-1-10);兰州市科技计划(2019-4-52)

Effects of dietary oregano essential oil on growth performance, slaughter performance, organ indexes and intestinal morphology of Luhua chickens

JIANG Xiaofan¹(), WU Tao¹, WEI Yuming², YANG Farong², CHEN Guoshun¹, JIAO Ting³, CAI Yuan¹^,^*(), ZHAO Shengguo¹

1. College of Animal Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
2. Institute of Pasture and Green Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China
3. College of Pratacultural Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China

Received:2021-04-29 Online:2022-01-25 Published:2022-02-05
Contact: CAI Yuan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究饲粮中添加牛至精油对芦花鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、器官指数和肠道组织形态的影响,选取120只49日龄健康雌性芦花鸡,体重(1 478.75±85.81)g,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只鸡,各组饲粮分别添加0(Q8组)、50(QO50组)、100(QO100组)和150(QO150组)mg·kg^-1牛至精油,试验期为75 d。结果表明:与Q8组相比,添加牛至精油对芦花鸡生长性能无显著影响(P>0.05),QO50组和QO100组的半净膛重、屠宰率、全净膛率和胸肌率均显著(P<0.05)提高,且QO100组的屠宰率、全净膛率与牛至精油的添加水平存在线性和二次曲线关系,半净膛重和胸肌率随着牛至精油添加水平的提高呈二次曲线变化;QO50、QO100和QO150组腺胃指数分别提高21.05%、21.05%和26.32%(P<0.05),且与牛至精油的添加水平存在线性和二次曲线关系;QO50、QO100组回肠隐窝深度分别降低6.07%、6.43%(P<0.05);QO100、QO150组空肠隐窝深度分别降低5.11%、4.45%(P<0.05);QO150组十二指肠绒毛高度增加14.00%(P<0.05);空肠隐窝深度和十二指肠绒毛高度与牛至精油添加水平呈线性和二次曲线关系。综上所述,饲粮中添加50 mg·kg^-1牛至精油可显著提高芦花鸡屠宰性能,并对腺胃指数和空肠、回肠的隐窝深度有明显改善作用。

关键词: 芦花鸡, 牛至精油, 生长性能, 屠宰性能, 器官指数, 肠道形态

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with oregano essential oil on growth performance, slaughter performance, organ indexes and intestinal morphology of Luhua chickens.A total of 120 49-day-old female Luhua chickens [body weight was (1 478.75±85.81) g] were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates per group and 10 chickens per replicate. Each group was fed diets supplemented with 0 (Q8 group), 50 (QO50 group), 100 (QO100 group) and 150 mg·kg^-1(QO150 group) oregano essential oil, respectively. The experiment lasted for 75 days.The results showed as follows: compared with Q8 group, addition of oregano essential oil had no significant effect on growth performance of Luhua chickens(P>0.05);Half-eviscerated weight, slaughter percentage, eviscerated percentage and bectoral muscle percentage of QO50 group and QO100 group were significantly increased (P<0.05),and there were linear and quadratic relationships between slaughter percentage, eviscerated percentage and oregano essential oil supplemental level(P<0.05) of QO100 group, half-eviscerated weight and pectoral muscle percentage showed a quadratic curve with the increase of oregano essential oil supplemental level; Glandular stomach index in QO50, QO100 and QO150 groups were increased by 21.05%, 21.05% and 26.32%, respectively (P<0.05),and had linear and quadratic relationship with oregano essential oil supplemental level (P<0.05);Ileal crypt depth in QO50 and QO100 groups was decreased by 6.07% and 6.43% (P<0.05), respectively; Jejunal crypt depth in QO100 and QO150 groups was decreased by 5.11% and 4.45% (P<0.05), respectively; Duodenal villus height in QO150 group was increased by 14.00% (P<0.05), and there were linear and quadratic relationships between jejunar crypt depth, duodena villus height and oregano essential oil supplemental level(P<0.05).In conclusion, adding 50 mg·kg^-1 oregano essential oil to dietary could significantly improve the slaughter performance,glandular stomach index and crypt depth in jejunum and ileum of Luhua chickens.

Key words: Luhua chickens, oregano essential oil, growth performance, slaughter performance, organ index, intestinal morphology

中图分类号:

S831

江小帆, 吴涛, 魏玉明, 杨发荣, 陈国顺, 焦婷, 蔡原, 赵生国. 饲粮中添加牛至精油对芦花鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、器官指数和肠道形态的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(1): 41-49.

JIANG Xiaofan, WU Tao, WEI Yuming, YANG Farong, CHEN Guoshun, JIAO Ting, CAI Yuan, ZHAO Shengguo. Effects of dietary oregano essential oil on growth performance, slaughter performance, organ indexes and intestinal morphology of Luhua chickens[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(1): 41-49.

图/表 6

参考文献 43

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处理	成分Ingredients
处理	玉米 Corn	次粉 Wheat middling	藜麦 Quinoa seeds	去皮豆粕 Soybean meal	石粉 Limestone	磷酸氢钙 CaHPO₄	饲料级氯化钠 NaCl	1%复合预混料 1% pemix	牛至精油 Oregano oil	沸石粉 Zeolite powder
Q8	64	4	8	20	1.2	1.2	0.3	1	0	0.300
QO50	64	4	8	20	1.2	1.2	0.3	1	0.005	0.295
QO100	64	4	8	20	1.2	1.2	0.3	1	0.010	0.290
QO150	64	4	8	20	1.2	1.2	0.3	1	0.015	0.285

处理	成分Ingredients
处理	玉米 Corn	次粉 Wheat middling	藜麦 Quinoa seeds	去皮豆粕 Soybean meal	石粉 Limestone	磷酸氢钙 CaHPO₄	饲料级氯化钠 NaCl	1%复合预混料 1% pemix	牛至精油 Oregano oil	沸石粉 Zeolite powder
Q8	64	4	8	20	1.2	1.2	0.3	1	0	0.300
QO50	64	4	8	20	1.2	1.2	0.3	1	0.005	0.295
QO100	64	4	8	20	1.2	1.2	0.3	1	0.010	0.290
QO150	64	4	8	20	1.2	1.2	0.3	1	0.015	0.285

处理	代谢能 Metabolic energy/ (MJ·kg^-1)	营养水平Nutrient levels/%
处理	代谢能 Metabolic energy/ (MJ·kg^-1)	干物质 Dry matter	粗蛋白质 Crude Protein	粗纤维 Crude fiber	粗脂肪 EE	钙 Ca	TP	AP	Lys	Met	Met+Cys	Thr	Trp
Q8	12.4	84.66	16.25	2.74	3.1	0.88	0.58	0.2	0.84	0.33	0.61	0.62	0.18
QO50	12.4	84.66	16.25	2.74	3.1	0.88	0.58	0.2	0.84	0.33	0.61	0.62	0.18
QO100	12.4	84.66	16.25	2.74	3.1	0.88	0.58	0.2	0.84	0.33	0.61	0.62	0.18
QO150	12.4	84.66	16.25	2.74	3.1	0.88	0.58	0.2	0.84	0.33	0.61	0.62	0.18

处理	代谢能 Metabolic energy/ (MJ·kg^-1)	营养水平Nutrient levels/%
处理	代谢能 Metabolic energy/ (MJ·kg^-1)	干物质 Dry matter	粗蛋白质 Crude Protein	粗纤维 Crude fiber	粗脂肪 EE	钙 Ca	TP	AP	Lys	Met	Met+Cys	Thr	Trp
Q8	12.4	84.66	16.25	2.74	3.1	0.88	0.58	0.2	0.84	0.33	0.61	0.62	0.18
QO50	12.4	84.66	16.25	2.74	3.1	0.88	0.58	0.2	0.84	0.33	0.61	0.62	0.18
QO100	12.4	84.66	16.25	2.74	3.1	0.88	0.58	0.2	0.84	0.33	0.61	0.62	0.18
QO150	12.4	84.66	16.25	2.74	3.1	0.88	0.58	0.2	0.84	0.33	0.61	0.62	0.18

处理 Treatment		项目Items
处理 Treatment		初始体重(49日龄) Initial body weight/g	终末体重(121日龄) Final body weight/g	平均日增重 Average daily gain/ (g·d^-1)	平均日采食量 Average daily feed intake/(g·d^-1)	料重比 F/G
Q8		1 486.13±77.82 a	2 787.04±176.46 a	20.33±2.30 a	106.55±4.07 a	4.85±0.37 a
QO50		1 473.64±90.37 a	2 790.37±151.75 a	20.87±1.88 a	105.97±4.30 a	4.78±0.35 a
QO100		1 488.78±76.39 a	2 797.04±192.59 a	21.38±1.92 a	106.47±4.36 a	4.74±0.34 a
QO150		1 466.44±99.48 a	2 714.44±205.36 a	20.20±1.93 a	104.70±4.47 a	4.76±0.31 a
P值	处理Treatment	0.753	0.308	0.189	0.370	0.800
P value	线性Linear	0.555	0.182	0.869	0.176	0.408
	二次Quadratic	0.804	0.195	0.134	0.311	0.602

饲粮中添加牛至精油对芦花鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、器官指数和肠道形态的影响

Effects of dietary oregano essential oil on growth performance, slaughter performance, organ indexes and intestinal morphology of Luhua chickens

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处理 Treatment		活体重 Live weight/g	屠体重 Slaughte- ring weight/g	半净膛重 Half-evis- cerated weight/g	全净膛重 All evis- cerated weight/g	腿肌重 Leg muscle weight/g	胸肌重 Chest muscle weight/g	腹脂重 Abdominal fat weight/g	屠宰率 Slaughter percentage /%	半净膛率 Half-evisce- rated per- centage/%	全净膛率 Eviscerated percentage /%	胸肌率 Pectoral muscle per- centage/%	腿肌率 Leg muscle percentage /%	腹脂率 Abdominal fat percent- age/%
Q8		2 890.00±92.09 a	2 573.12±121.04 a	2 339.45±89.21 b	1 994.68±76.47 a	470.94±35.80 a	345.79±24.31 b	53.40±1.12 b	89.02±2.35 b	80.96±2.02 b	69.02±1.56 b	16.34±2.01 b	23.69±2.66 a	2.80±0.06 a
QO50		2 898.33±64.01 a	2 646.57±71.14 a	2 466.75±59.35 a	2 088.39±60.84 a	509.22±33.66 a	394.91±28.46 a	58.15±1.83 a	92.06±0.59 a	85.15±2.87 a	72.09±2.87 a	18.90±1.01 a	24.39±1.51 a	2.85±0.13 a
QO100		2 898.33±86.58 a	2 664.58±74.74 a	2 454.39±66.34 a	2 075.13±59.41 a	483.40±42.86 a	386.50±13.83 a	58.61±1.92 a	91.94±0.32 a	84.70±1.61 a	71.61±1.57 a	18.64±0.77 a	24.14±1.52 a	2.82±0.06 a
QO150		2 805.00±131.11 a	2 570.25±116.51 a	2 403.82±123.38 ab	2 035.69±117.67 a	458.12±33.66 a	363.97±26.10 ab	56.18±3.00 a	91.64±0.44 a	85.68±0.98 a	72.55±1.17 a	17.88±0.80 ab	22.50±0.95 a	2.76±0.04 a
P值	处理	0.293	0.25	0.032	0.222	0.13	0.012	0.007	0.002	0.002	0.02	0.017	0.305	0.581
P value	Treatment
	线性Linear	0.161	0.961	0.317	0.492	0.382	0.545	0.261	0.009	0.002	0.011	0.172	0.248	0.54
	二次	0.167	0.128	0.039	0.123	0.089	0.006	0.02	0.001	0.002	0.018	0.009	0.157	0.375
	Quadratic

处理 Treatment		心指数 Cardiac index	肝指数 Liver index	肺指数 Lungs index	肾指数 Kidney index	胰腺指数 Pancreas index	腺胃指数 Gland stomach index	肌胃指数 Gizzard index	脾脏指数 Spleen index	法氏囊指数 Bursa of Fabricius index	胸腺指数 Thymus index
Q8		0.33±0.02 a	1.73±0.40 a	0.47±0.14 a	0.14±0.03 a	0.17±0.01 a	0.19±0.02 b	1.20±0.09 a	0.13±0.03 ab	0.12±0.02 a	0.22±0.06 a
QO50		0.33±0.03 a	1.57±0.20 a	0.38±0.02 a	0.14±0.02 a	0.17±0.02 ab	0.23±0.02 a	1.25±0.11 a	0.16±0.02 a	0.09±0.01 a	0.16±0.02 a
QO100		0.32±0.04 a	1.66±0.26 a	0.38±0.04 a	0.17±0.04 a	0.14±0.03 bc	0.23±0.03 a	1.30±0.15 a	0.14±0.03 ab	0.11±0.03 a	0.18±0.04 a
QO150		0.34±0.04 a	1.73±0.44 a	0.36±0.04 a	0.13±0.01 a	0.13±0.02 c	0.24±0.02 a	1.32±0.20 a	0.12±0.01 b	0.10±0.02 a	0.19±0.04 a
P值	处理Treatment	0.78	0.88	0.132	0.109	0.011	0.015	0.447	0.099	0.187	0.182
Pvalue	线性Linear	0.517	0.923	0.038	0.976	0.001	0.007	0.102	0.235	0.325	0.277
	二次Quadratic	0.763	0.767	0.069	0.278	0.005	0.011	0.261	0.096	0.402	0.119

处理 Treatment		十二指肠Duodenum			空肠Jejunum			回肠Ileal
处理 Treatment		绒毛高度 Villus height/μm	隐窝深度 Crypt depth/μm	绒毛高度/ 隐窝深度 V/C	绒毛高度 Villus height/μm	隐窝深度 Crypt depth/μm	绒毛高度/ 隐窝深度 V/C	绒毛高度 Villus height/μm	隐窝深度 Crypt depth/μm	绒毛高度/ 隐窝深度 V/C
Q8		1272.79±182.78b	175.79±9.28 d	7.52±0.81 a	1120.73±77.11 a	153.62±11.84 a	7.53±0.59 a	833.59±58.24 a	138.27±14.62 a	6.11±0.54 a
QO50		1195.92±52.33c	197.34±13.97 b	6.17±0.52 c	869.33±67.33 d	157.57±8.81 a	5.43±0.54 d	539.66±56.83 d	129.88±8.31 b	4.18±0.51 d
QO100		1239.18±86.00bc	186.22±8.59 c	6.84±0.72 b	985.98±72.84 b	145.77±12.46 b	6.77±0.84 b	610.22±36.27 c	129.38±11.41 b	4.65±0.56 c
QO150		1450.96±82.04a	208.54±20.54 a	6.89±0.53 b	938.54±57.44 c	146.78±12.29 b	6.42±0.66 c	728.91±41.54 b	133.64±12.27 ab	5.49±0.61 b
P值	处理Treatment	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.024	<0.001
P value	线性Linear	<0.001	<0.001	0.552	<0.001	0.002	0.010	0.002	0.126	0.066
	二次Quadratic	<0.001	<0.001	0.001	<0.001	0.008	<0.001	<0.001	0.009	0

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