技术进步视角下小农户与现代农业有机衔接的实证研究——基于全国微观固定观察点336户蜂农面板数据

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.02.23

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 409-418.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.02.23

• 农业经济与发展 • 上一篇

技术进步视角下小农户与现代农业有机衔接的实证研究——基于全国微观固定观察点336户蜂农面板数据

陈永朋(), 罗慧, 赵芝俊^*()

中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所,北京 100081

收稿日期:2021-03-10 出版日期:2022-02-25 发布日期:2022-03-02
通讯作者: 赵芝俊
作者简介:赵芝俊,E-mail: zhaozhijun@caas.cn
陈永朋(1993—),男,辽宁朝阳人,硕士研究生,主要从事农业技术经济研究。E-mail: 1016590042@qq.com
基金资助:
国家蜂产业技术体系(CARS-44-KXJ18);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-IAED-2020-11);中国农业科学院基本科研业务费项目(Y2018ZK07)

An empirical study on organic connection between smallholder farmers and modern agriculture from perspective of technological progress: based on panel data of 336 households of beekeepers at national micro fixed observation points

CHEN Yongpeng(), LUO Hui, ZHAO Zhijun^*()

Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2021-03-10 Online:2022-02-25 Published:2022-03-02
Contact: ZHAO Zhijun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以养蜂业为例,基于随机前沿分析框架对2014—2019年国家蜂产业体系固定观察点的6期336户蜂农面板数据进行技术进步率和要素弹性定量分析,从技术进步的视角剖析蜂农与现代农业的衔接程度。研究发现,2014—2019年中国养蜂业的广义技术进步率仅为0.3%,养蜂业产值的增长主要依赖于要素投入,蜂农与现代农业的衔接水平不高。基于此,提出促进蜂农与现代农业有机衔接的政策建议:一是加强新型职业蜂农培训,提升蜂农自身水平;二是大力推进节本增效提质养蜂技术研发;三是规范蜂农与合作社之间风险共担、利益共享的联结机制,推进形成蜂蜜市场优质优价机制。

关键词: 养蜂业, 现代农业, 技术进步率, 随机前沿分析

Abstract:

Based on the stochastic frontier analysis framework, this study took apiculture as an example to conduct quantitative analysis on the technological progress rate and factor elasticity of 336 household beekeepers panel data from six periods of fixed observation points of the national apicutlture system from 2014 to 2019. From the perspective of technological progress, we deeply analyzed the degree of convergence between Chinese beekeepers and modern agriculture. It was found that the general technological progress rate of China’s apiculture was only 0.3% in 2014-2019, and the growth of the output value of apiculture was mainly dependent on the input of factors, and the connection level between smallholder beekeepers and modern agriculture was relatively low. Based on this, corresponding policy suggestions to promote their organic connection level were put forward.Firstly, strengthen the training of new professional beekeepers and improve their own level. Secondly, promote the research and development of cost-saving, efficiency and quality-improving beekeeping technologies. Finally, standardize the connection mechanism of risk and benefit sharing between beekeepers and cooperatives, and promote the formation of a high-quality and good price mechanism in the honey market.

Key words: apiculture, modern agriculture, technological progress rate, stochastic frontier analysis

中图分类号:

F325.15

陈永朋, 罗慧, 赵芝俊. 技术进步视角下小农户与现代农业有机衔接的实证研究——基于全国微观固定观察点336户蜂农面板数据[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(2): 409-418.

CHEN Yongpeng, LUO Hui, ZHAO Zhijun. An empirical study on organic connection between smallholder farmers and modern agriculture from perspective of technological progress: based on panel data of 336 households of beekeepers at national micro fixed observation points[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(2): 409-418.

图/表 7

表1 变量名称及其含义

Table 1 Name and meaning of variables

变量类别 Variable category	变量 Variable	变量符号 Variable symbol	变量含义 Variable meaning
因变量 Dependent variable	养蜂业总产值 Annual output value of apiculture	Y	年蜂蜜总产值 Annual production value of honey/yuan
解释变量 Explanatory variables	劳动力投入 Labor input	L	全年劳动力投工天数 Days of annual labor force work/d
	蜂群投入 Bee colony input	B	全年饲养蜂群数量 Annual quantity of reared bee colonies
	蜂药投入 Bee medicine input	F	全年蜂药支出 Annual expenditure on bee drug/yuan
	机械投入 Mechanical input	M	全年养蜂机具支出费用 Annual expenditure on apiculture equipment/yuan

表2 变量的描述性统计结果

Table 2 Descriptive statistics of variables

变量 Variable	浙江Zhejiang		山西Shanxi		河南Henan		湖北Hubei		甘肃Gansu		吉林Jilin		四川Sichuan
变量 Variable	n	$x -$	n	$x -$	n	$x -$	n	$x -$	n	$x -$	n	$x -$	n	$x -$
Y	306	69 579	252	49 527	312	46 255	360	61 839	258	48 399	282	75 497	246	120 443
L	306	451	252	321	312	370	360	562	258	441	282	297	246	757
B	306	106	252	77	312	76	360	122	258	116	282	96	246	310
F	306	1 013	252	477	312	1 012	360	820	258	610	282	551	246	1 511
M	306	124	252	64	312	60	360	90	258	73	282	106	246	181

表2 变量的描述性统计结果

Table 2 Descriptive statistics of variables

变量 Variable	浙江Zhejiang		山西Shanxi		河南Henan		湖北Hubei		甘肃Gansu		吉林Jilin		四川Sichuan
变量 Variable	n	$x -$	n	$x -$	n	$x -$	n	$x -$	n	$x -$	n	$x -$	n	$x -$
Y	306	69 579	252	49 527	312	46 255	360	61 839	258	48 399	282	75 497	246	120 443
L	306	451	252	321	312	370	360	562	258	441	282	297	246	757
B	306	106	252	77	312	76	360	122	258	116	282	96	246	310
F	306	1 013	252	477	312	1 012	360	820	258	610	282	551	246	1 511
M	306	124	252	64	312	60	360	90	258	73	282	106	246	181

表3 LR假设检验结果

Table 3 LR hypothesis test results

原假设 Original assumption	LR统计量 LR statistic	临界值 Critical value	检验结论 Inspection
H₀:γ=μ=η=0	40.46^***	22.96	拒绝Reject
H₀:β₅=β₆=...=β₂₀=0	31.90^***	10.00	拒绝Reject
H₀:β₁₅=β₁₆=...=β₂₀=0	17.30^***	7.09	拒绝Reject
H₀:β₁₇=β₁₈=...=β₂₀=0	187.79^***	5.53	拒绝Reject

表4 超越对数随机前沿模型的估计结果

Table 4 Estimation results of beyond logarithmic stochastic frontier model

变量 Variable	参数 Parameter	变量 Variable	参数 Parameter
常数项Constant	4.328^***	lnB lnM	0.054
lnL	-0.142	lnF lnM	-0.044
lnB	0.717^*	t	-0.157
lnF	-0.247	t²	0.095^***
lnM	1.891^***	t lnL	0.044
(lnL)²	0.072	t lnB	-0.139^***
(lnB)²	-0.185	t lnF	0.041^***
(lnF)²	-0.012	t lnM	-0.003
(lnM)²	-0.074	σ²	12.043^***
lnL lnB	0.122	γ	0.806^***
lnL lnF	0.016	μ	-6.231^***
lnL lnM	-0.231^**	η	-0.206^***
lnB lnF	0.068^**

图1 各投入要素的平均产出弹性

Fig.1 Average output elasticity of input factors

表5 2014—2019年养蜂业的技术进步率及其分解

Table 5 Technological progress rate of apiculture and its decomposition in 2014-2019

年份 Year	中性技术进步率 Neutral rate of progress	偏性技术进步率 Skew rate of progress	狭义技术进步率 Narrow sense of technological progress rate	技术效率 Technical efficiency	技术效率变化率 Change rate of technical efficiency	广义技术进步率 Generalized technological progress rate
2014	-0.061	-0.146	-0.208	0.717	—	—
2015	0.034	-0.176	-0.142	0.673	-0.061	-0.203
2016	0.129	-0.137	-0.008	0.626	-0.070	-0.078
2017	0.224	-0.138	0.086	0.577	-0.079	0.007
2018	0.319	-0.129	0.191	0.525	-0.090	0.100
2019	0.415	-0.127	0.287	0.472	-0.100	0.187
2014—2019	0.177	-0.142	0.034	0.598	-0.080	0.003

表6 2014—2019年各省养蜂业的技术进步率

Table 6 Technological progress rate of apiculture at provincial level in 2014-2019

省份 Province	偏性技术进步率 Skew rate of progress	狭义技术进步率 Narrow sense of rate of technological progress	技术效率 Technical efficiency	技术效率变化率 Change rate of technical efficiency	广义技术进步率 Generalized technological progress rate
甘肃Gansu	-0.222	-0.046	0.453	-0.173	-0.219
河南Henan	-0.111	0.066	0.659	-0.075	-0.009
湖北Hubei	-0.118	0.059	0.615	-0.090	-0.032
吉林Jilin	-0.147	0.030	0.659	-0.078	-0.048
山西Shanxi	-0.102	0.075	0.611	-0.105	-0.031
四川Sichuan	-0.225	-0.048	0.612	-0.168	-0.216
浙江Zhejiang	-0.119	0.058	0.557	-0.115	-0.057

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技术进步视角下小农户与现代农业有机衔接的实证研究——基于全国微观固定观察点336户蜂农面板数据

An empirical study on organic connection between smallholder farmers and modern agriculture from perspective of technological progress: based on panel data of 336 households of beekeepers at national micro fixed observation points

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