浙江省规模化蔬菜基地连作障碍与土壤环境调查分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.07.15

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (7): 1474-1484.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.07.15

浙江省规模化蔬菜基地连作障碍与土壤环境调查分析

姚燕来¹(), 朱为静¹, 丁检², 洪磊东¹, 洪春来¹, 王卫平¹^,^*(), 朱凤香¹, 何伟科³, 洪海清³

1.浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所,浙江杭州 310021
2.浙江省农业技术推广中心,浙江杭州 310020
3.松阳县农业农村局,浙江松阳 331124

收稿日期:2021-04-14 出版日期:2022-07-25 发布日期:2022-07-26
通讯作者: 王卫平
作者简介:* 王卫平,E-mail: wangweiping119@126.com
姚燕来(1981—),男,浙江余姚人,博士,副研究员,研究方向为农业环境微生物、障碍土壤生态修复。E-mail: 30814766@qq.com
基金资助:
浙江省科技计划(2020C02030);大宗蔬菜产业体系岗位科学家项目(CARS-25-A-04);浙江省农业重大技术协同推广计划(2019XTTGSC04-3);浙江省“三农六方”科技协作项目(CTZB-F170623LWZ-SNY1-11);台州市院地合作项目(TZ2018018);鄞州区院地合作项目(2020R20A77D02)

Investigation and analysis of continuous cropping obstacle and soil environment in large-scale vegetable bases in Zhejiang Province, China

YAO Yanlai¹(), ZHU Weijing¹, DING Jian², HONG Leidong¹, HONG Chunlai¹, WANG Weiping¹^,^*(), ZHU Fengxiang¹, HE Weike³, HONG Haiqing³

1. Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
2. Zhejiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Hangzhou 310020, China
3. Songyang Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Songyang 331124,Zhejiang, China

Received:2021-04-14 Online:2022-07-25 Published:2022-07-26
Contact: WANG Weiping

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

蔬菜产业是浙江省十大农业主导产业之一,但近年来规模化蔬菜基地土壤质量退化、连作障碍频发,已成为制约浙江蔬菜产业绿色可持续发展的重要限制因子。为探明浙江省规模化蔬菜基地连作障碍发生情况和土壤环境状况,调查了8个地级市24个县市区的65家规模化蔬菜基地,采集101个土壤样品,分析其土壤理化性状和部分样品中2种典型土传病害病原微生物的数量。调查表明,浙江省规模化蔬菜基地种植年限长,46.2%以上的规模化基地种植年限大于10 a,连作现象较为普遍,平均土传病害发病率达到17.82%,平均减产达到22.12%,部分基地重病年份甚至绝收。当前,浙江省部分规模化蔬菜基地土壤退化严重,土壤pH值≤5.0的样品占比33.7%,土壤电导率>1 000 μS·cm^-1的样品占比42.6%。土壤中养分大量积累,有效磷和速效钾含量的平均值分别达到184.30 mg·kg^-1和387.20 mg·kg^-1。相关性分析表明,土壤中尖孢镰刀菌数量与碱解氮和有效磷含量间存在显著(P<0.05)相关性。土壤酸化、次生盐渍化、速效养分和病原菌的大量积累等成为当前规模化蔬菜基地土壤环境质量退化与连作障碍频发的重要原因,研究结果可为浙江省规模化蔬菜基地连作障碍的有效防控提供依据。

关键词: 规模化蔬菜基地, 连作障碍, 土壤酸化, 次生盐渍化, 土传病害

Abstract:

Vegetable industry is one of the 10 leading agricultural industries in Zhejiang Province. However, in recent years, soil quality degradation and continuous cropping obstacles in large-scale vegetable bases have become important limiting factors for the green and sustainable development of vegetable industry in Zhejiang. In order to investigate the continuous cropping obstacles and the soil environment of large-scale vegetable bases in Zhejiang Province, 65 large-scale vegetable bases in 24 counties (cities, districts) were surveyed. A total of 101 soil samples were collected,and the physiochemical properties were analyzed, and the quantity of pathogens of two typical soil-borne diseases in some samples was also determined. The results showed that the planting years of large-scale vegetable bases in Zhejiang Province were relatively long. More than 46.2% of large-scale bases have been planted for more than 10 years. Continuous cropping was common.The average incidence of soil-borne diseases reached 17.82%,the average yield reduction reached 22.12%, and some bases even failed to harvest in some years. The soil degradation of some large-scale vegetable bases was serious. The proportion of soil samples with pH≤5.0 reached 33.7%, and the proportion of soil samples with electrical conductivity>1 000 μS·cm^-1 reached 42.6%. Available nutrients were accumulated in soil. The average soil available P and available K contents reached 184.30 mg·kg^-1 and 387.20 mg·kg^-1, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant (P<0.05) correlation between the quantity of Fusarium oxysporum and the content of soil available nitrogen and available phosphorus. Soil acidification, secondary salinization and accumulation of soil available nutrients and pathogens have become the important reasons for the soil quality degradation and the frequent occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles of large-scale vegetable bases. The investigation results could provide basis for the effective control of continuous cropping obstacles of large-scale vegetable bases in Zhejiang Province.

Key words: large-scale vegetable bases, continuous cropping obstacle, soil acidification, secondary salinization, soil-borne diseases

中图分类号:

S159

姚燕来, 朱为静, 丁检, 洪磊东, 洪春来, 王卫平, 朱凤香, 何伟科, 洪海清. 浙江省规模化蔬菜基地连作障碍与土壤环境调查分析[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(7): 1474-1484.

YAO Yanlai, ZHU Weijing, DING Jian, HONG Leidong, HONG Chunlai, WANG Weiping, ZHU Fengxiang, HE Weike, HONG Haiqing. Investigation and analysis of continuous cropping obstacle and soil environment in large-scale vegetable bases in Zhejiang Province, China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(7): 1474-1484.

图/表 8

图1 规模化基地基肥中化肥和有机肥的施用情况

Fig.1 Utilization status of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer in basal fertilizer of large-scale vegetable bases

图2 调查中部分基地连作障碍发生情况的照片 A、B,温州番茄青枯病和“半边疯”发病情况;C、D,台州地区线虫病害发生情况;E、F,衢州和宁波甜瓜枯萎病发病情况;G,嘉兴叶菜连作障碍;H,宁波西瓜连作情况。

Fig.2 Photos of occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles in large-scale vegetable bases A and B, Occurrence of tomato bacterial wilt and “half madness” disease in Wenzhou; C and D, Occurrence of nematode disease in Taizhou; E and F, Occurrence of melon Fusarium wilt in Quzhou and Ningbo; G, Continuous cropping obstacles of leaf vegetables in Jiaxing; H, Continuous cropping obstacles of watermelon in Ningbo.

图3 种植年限与土传病害发病率

Fig.3 Relationship between planting years and soil-borne disease incidence

图4 调查土壤样品的pH值、EC值,及有机质、全氮含量

Fig.4 Soil pH, EC value and contents of organic matter and total nitrogen of samples

图5 调查土壤样品的速效养分含量

Fig.5 Contents of soil available nutrients of samples

图6 番茄、茄子、甜瓜等连作土壤中尖孢镰刀菌和青枯病菌的数量(以干土计)

Fig.6 Quantity of Fusarium oxysporum and Ralstoniasolanacearum(based on dry weight) in continuous cropping soil of tomato, eggplant or melon

表1 土壤理化性状指标与尖孢镰刀菌数量的主成分分析结果

Table 1 Principal component analysis result of soil physiochemical indexes and quantity of Fusarium oxysporum

指标 Index	因子载荷Factor loading
指标 Index	因子1 Factor 1	因子2 Factor 2	因子3 Factor 3
尖孢镰刀菌数量	0.104	0.836	0.272
Quantiy of Fusarium oxysporum
pH	-0.603	-0.342	0.572
EC	0.619	-0.252	0.583
有机质Organic matter	0.812	-0.367	-0.072
全氮Total nitrogen	0.920	-0.248	-0.056
碱解氮Available nitrogen	0.688	0.507	-0.339
有效磷Available phosphorus	0.437	0.577	0.473
速效钾Available potassium	0.845	-0.251	0.109

表2 土壤理化性状指标与尖孢镰刀菌数量的相关性分析

Table 2 Correlation analysis of soil physiochemical indexes and quantity of Fusarium oxysporum

指标 Index	尖孢镰刀菌数量 Quantity of Fusarium oxysporum	pH	EC	有机质 Organic matter	全氮 Total nitrogen	碱解氮 Available nitrogen	有效磷 Available phosphorus
pH	-0.143
EC	0.002	-0.061
有机质Organic matter	-0.146	-0.328^*	0.415^**
全氮Total nitrogen	-0.120	-0.425^**	0.568^**	0.883^**
碱解氮Available nitrogen	0.375^*	-0.674^**	0.143	0.334^*	0.566
有效磷Available phosphorus	0.473^**	-0.217	0.289	0.132	0.242	0.382^*
速效钾Available potassium	-0.058	-0.383^*	0.606^**	0.717^**	0.738	0.382^*	0.242

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浙江省规模化蔬菜基地连作障碍与土壤环境调查分析

Investigation and analysis of continuous cropping obstacle and soil environment in large-scale vegetable bases in Zhejiang Province, China

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