模拟酸雨对茶园土壤磷素溶出特征与形态的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.12.13

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (12): 2700-2709.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.12.13

模拟酸雨对茶园土壤磷素溶出特征与形态的影响

姚龙仁¹(), 王肖君¹, 卓超², 冷明珠³, 倪吾钟¹^,^*()

1.浙江大学环境与资源学院,浙江省农业资源与环境重点实验室,浙江杭州 310058
2.浙江安吉宋茗白茶有限公司,浙江安吉 313300
3.浙江省安吉县农业农村局,浙江安吉 313300

收稿日期:2021-12-10 出版日期:2022-12-25 发布日期:2022-12-26
通讯作者: 倪吾钟
作者简介:*倪吾钟,E-mail:wzni@zju.edu.cn
姚龙仁(1996—),男,安徽马鞍山人,硕士,主要从事养分资源管理与农业面源污染控制研究。E-mail:yaolongren@zju.edu.cn
基金资助:
农业农村部农业绿色发展先行先试支撑体系建设专项(安吉县)(NG/LS2020-71-05)

Effects of simulated acid rain on dissolution characteristics and fraction of phosphorus in tea garden soil

YAO Longren¹(), WANG Xiaojun¹, ZHUO Chao², LENG Mingzhu³, NI Wuzhong¹^,^*()

1. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2. Zhejiang Anji Summit Angeltea Co., Ltd., Anji 313300, Zhejiang, China
3. Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Anji County, Zhejiang Province, Anji 313300, Zhejiang, China

Received:2021-12-10 Online:2022-12-25 Published:2022-12-26
Contact: NI Wuzhong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为进一步探讨酸雨与土壤磷素流失之间的内在联系,通过土柱淋溶试验,研究模拟酸雨对茶园土壤磷素溶出动力学特征和形态变化的影响。试验共设置4个处理:T1,pH值为3.5的模拟酸雨;T2,pH值为4.5的模拟酸雨;T3,pH值为5.5的模拟酸雨;CK,pH值为6.5的蒸馏水。结果表明,T1、T2、T3处理的土壤可溶性总磷(TDP)累积溶出量均显著(P<0.05)大于CK处理,增幅分别为17.3%、38.8%、20.4%。T1和T2处理的可溶性有机磷(DOP)累积溶出量显著(P<0.05)大于CK处理。回归分析表明,淋出液中总磷(TP)、可溶性无机磷(DIP)的累积溶出量与淋洗液体积的关系符合一级动力学方程(R²>0.999)。与CK相比,T1、T2、T3处理的DIP最大溶出量分别增加了16.0%、49.9%、16.0%,T2处理的TP最大溶出量增加了13.35%。模拟酸雨淋洗结束后,土壤中NaHCO₃提取的无机磷、NaHCO₃提取的有效磷的质量分数较CK显著(P<0.05)增加,NH₄Cl提取的无机磷、NaOH提取的无机磷、浓盐酸提取的全磷质量分数较CK显著(P<0.05)减少。上述结果说明,酸雨既可以直接促进土壤中无机磷和有机磷的溶出,又能够增加土壤中较高活性磷组分的比例,从而增大土壤磷素流失风险。

关键词: 酸雨, 茶园土壤, 磷素溶出, 磷素流失

Abstract:

In order to explore the internal relationship between acid rain and soil phosphorus loss, the effects of simulated acid rain on phosphorus leaching dynamic characteristics and phosphorus form changes in tea garden soil were studied by soil column experiment. Four treatments were designed in this experiment: T1, simulated acid rain with pH value of 3.5; T2, simulated acid rain with pH value of 4.5; T3, simulated acid rain with pH value of 5.5; CK, distilled water with pH value of 6.5 as control. The results showed that the accumulative dissolution amount of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) under T1, T2, T3 treatments was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of CK by 17.3%, 38.8% and 20.4, respectively. The accumulative dissolution amount of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) under T1 and T2 treatments was also significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of CK. The regression analysis results showed that the relationship between the accumulative dissolution amount of total phosphorus (TP), the accumulative dissolution amount of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and the leaching volume fit the first-order kinetic equation (R²>0.999). Compared with CK, the maximum accumulative dissolution amount of DIP under T1, T2, T3 treatments was increased by 16.0%, 49.9% and 16.0%, respectively, and the maximum accumulative dissolution amount of TP under T2 treatment was increased by 13.4%. After leaching with the simulated acid rain, the mass fraction of NaHCO₃ extractable inorganic phosphorus and NaHCO₃ extractable total phosphorus in tea garden soil was significantly (P<0.05) increased compared with CK, yet the mass fraction of NH₄Cl extractable inorganic phosphorus, NaOH extractable inorganic phosphorus, and concentrated hydrochloric acid extractable total phosphorus was significantly (P<0.05) decreased. In general, acid rain could directly promote the release of inorganic and organic phosphorus from soil, increase the proportion of active phosphorus components in soil, and eventually increase the risk of soil phosphorus loss.

Key words: acid rain, tea garden soil, phosphorus dissolution, phosphorus loss

中图分类号:

S153.6

姚龙仁, 王肖君, 卓超, 冷明珠, 倪吾钟. 模拟酸雨对茶园土壤磷素溶出特征与形态的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(12): 2700-2709.

YAO Longren, WANG Xiaojun, ZHUO Chao, LENG Mingzhu, NI Wuzhong. Effects of simulated acid rain on dissolution characteristics and fraction of phosphorus in tea garden soil[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(12): 2700-2709.

图/表 11

图1 土柱淋溶试验装置示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of soil column leaching test device

图2 不同处理下土壤淋出液的总磷(TP)质量浓度

Fig.2 Mass concentration of total phosphorus (TP) in soil leachate under different treatments

图3 不同处理下土壤淋出液的可溶性总磷(TDP)质量浓度

Fig.3 Mass concentration of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) in soil leachate under different treatments

图4 不同处理下淋出液的可溶性无机磷(DIP)质量浓度

Fig.4 Mass concentration of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) in soil leachate under different treatments

图5 不同处理的总磷(TP)累积溶出量

Fig.5 Accumulative dissolution amount of total phosphorus (TP) under different treatments

表1 不同处理下土壤总磷(TP)溶出的动力学方程

Table 1 Kinetic equation of total phosphorus (TP) leaching from soil under different treatments

处理Treatment	回归方程Regression equation	R²
T1	y₁=2.514 7×(1-e^-0^.^{208 7}^x)	0.999 8
T2	y₁=3.061 7×(1-e^-0^.^{221 8}^x)	0.999 8
T3	y₁=2.705 4×(1-e^-0^.^{229 0}^x)	0.999 9
CK	y₁=2.701 1×(1-e^-0^.^{175 4}^x)	0.999 9

图6 不同处理的可溶性无机磷(DIP)累积溶出量

Fig.6 Accumulative dissolution amount of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) under different treatments

表2 不同处理下土壤可溶性无机磷(DIP)溶出的动力学方程

Table 2 Kinetic equation of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) leaching from soil under different treatments

处理Treatment	回归方程Regression equation	R²
T1	y₂=0.952 9×(1-e^-0^.^{279 9}^x)	0.999 9
T2	y₂=1.232 0×(1-e^-0^.^{299 2}^x)	0.999 1
T3	y₂=0.954 4×(1-e^-0^.^{406 3}^x)	0.999 2
CK	y₂=0.821 7×(1-e^-0^.^{305 4}^x)	0.999 9

表3 不同处理下各形态磷素的累积溶出量

Table 3 Accumulative amount of dissolved phosphorus in various forms under different treatments mg

处理Treatment	TP	TDP	DIP	DOP	PP
T1	1.41±0.03 c	1.15±0.01 b	0.64±0.01 c	0.50±0.02 a	0.27±0.04 b
T2	1.79±0.05 a	1.36±0.02 a	0.87±0.01 a	0.50±0.03 a	0.43±0.03 a
T3	1.62±0.02 b	1.18±0.02 b	0.77±0.01 b	0.40±0.03 b	0.45±0.03 a
CK	1.36±0.01 c	0.98±0.03 c	0.58±0.01 d	0.40±0.01 b	0.38±0.01 a

表4 处理后土壤中各形态磷的质量分数

Table 4 Mass fraction of various phosphorus forms in soil after treatments mg·kg-1

处理Treatment	TP	P₁	P₂	P₃	P₄	P₅	P₆	P₇	P₈	P₉
T1	948.0 a	10.0 b	60.8 b	71.3 a	395.4 b	221.0 a	7.2 b	110.2 b	7.9 b	64.3 a
T2	947.3 a	9.3 c	64.0 a	71.5 a	391.1 b	221.1 a	8.2 a	114.5 a	6.2 b	61.6 c
T3	948.2 a	9.2 c	62.2 ab	67.4 a	395.3 b	222.8 a	6.5 b	113.7 ab	8.3 b	62.8 b
CK	950.9 a	10.6 a	57.6 c	60.1 b	411.4 a	216.8 a	6.8 b	110.2 b	13.1 a	64.4 a

表5 处理后土壤中各形态磷占总磷的比例

Table 5 Proportion of various phosphorus forms to total phosphorus in soil after treatments %

处理Treatment	P₁	P₂	P₃	P₄	P₅	P₆	P₇	P₈	P₉
T1	1.05 b	6.41 b	7.52 a	41.70 b	23.32 a	0.76 b	11.62 b	0.83 b	6.78 a
T2	0.98 c	6.76 a	7.54 a	41.29 b	23.34 a	0.86 a	12.08 a	0.65 b	6.50 c
T3	0.97 c	6.56 ab	7.10 a	41.69 b	23.49 a	0.69 b	11.99 ab	0.87 b	6.63 b
CK	1.11 a	6.05 c	6.32 b	43.27 a	22.80 a	0.71 b	11.58 b	1.38 a	6.77 a

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模拟酸雨对茶园土壤磷素溶出特征与形态的影响

Effects of simulated acid rain on dissolution characteristics and fraction of phosphorus in tea garden soil

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