城市化有利于农业机械化吗?——基于中国县域面板数据的实证分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.12.21

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (12): 2778-2788.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.12.21

城市化有利于农业机械化吗?——基于中国县域面板数据的实证分析

魏政¹(), 曹光乔²^,^*()

1.南京农业大学经济管理学院,江苏南京 210095
2.农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,江苏南京 210014

收稿日期:2021-03-10 出版日期:2022-12-25 发布日期:2022-12-26
通讯作者: 曹光乔
作者简介:*曹光乔,E-mail: caoguangqiao@126.com
魏政(1997—),男,江苏宿迁人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业经济、资源与环境经济学。E-mail: 15852911650@163.com
基金资助:
中国农业科学院科技创新工程(农科院办〔2014〕216号);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程(PAPD);南京农业大学“中国粮食安全研究中心”课题

Does urbanization promote development of agricultural mechanization?: an empirical study based on county level panel data of China

WEI Zheng¹(), CAO Guangqiao²^,^*()

1. College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
2. Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China

Received:2021-03-10 Online:2022-12-25 Published:2022-12-26
Contact: CAO Guangqiao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以县域面板数据为研究样本,利用卫星监测的夜间灯光数据表征城市化水平,就城市化对地区农业机械化水平的影响及其作用机制进行考查,并检验不同地形下城市化对农业机械化水平的异质性影响。研究发现:就全国整体而言,城市化发展促进了地区农业机械化水平的提高,稳健性检验结果强化了这一结论。分地形样本显示,平原、丘陵地区的城市化发展引起农业机械化水平的提高,而山区的城市化发展引起农业机械化水平的下降。影响机制分析表明,农村劳动力转移、种植结构调整与农村交通设施建设是城市化推进农业机械化的传导途径。

关键词: 城市化, 农业机械化, 夜间灯光数据, 地形

Abstract:

In the present study, the county-level panel data of China, as well as the lighting data at night monitored by satellite characterizing the urbanization level, was used to empirically investigate the impact of urbanization level on the agricultural mechanization level in China and to explore its action mechanism. Besides, the heterogeneous impacts of urbanization on the development of agricultural mechanization under different terrain were also tested. It was found that with the improvement of urbanization level, the agricultural mechanization level was improved, and the robustness results strengthened this conclusion. Urbanization level in plain and hilly areas had positive effect on agricultural mechanization level, yet urbanization level in mountainous areas resulted in a negative impact on the agricultural mechanization level. Analysis of impact mechanism revealed that the transfer of labor force, the changes of planting structure and the improvement of rural transportation facilities were the main transmission ways for urbanization to promote the development of agricultural mechanization level.

Key words: urbanization, agricultural mechanization, nighttime lighting data, terrain

中图分类号:

S-9
F323.3

魏政, 曹光乔. 城市化有利于农业机械化吗?——基于中国县域面板数据的实证分析[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(12): 2778-2788.

WEI Zheng, CAO Guangqiao. Does urbanization promote development of agricultural mechanization?: an empirical study based on county level panel data of China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(12): 2778-2788.

图/表 5

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变量类别 Variable category	变量名称 Variable name	变量符号 Variable symbol	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation
被解释变量 Explained variable	农业机械化水平 Agricultural mechanization level/(10⁴ kW)	y	35.70	36.75
解释变量 Explanatory variable	城市化水平 Urbanization level	x	5.54	5.06
中介变量	劳动力转移率 Labor transfer rate/%	Z₁	37.86	17.44
Mediating variable	作物种植结构 Crop planting structure/(10³ hm²)	Z₂	47.63	44.66
	农村交通设施 Rural transportation facilities/(m·km^-2)	Z₃	133.72	197.11
	耕地面积占比 Proportion of cultivated land/%	Z₄	28.22	19.37
控制变量	农业劳动力规模 Size of agricultural labor force	c₁	1.30	0.49
Control variable	农民收入水平 Farmer's income level/(10⁴ yuan)	c₂	0.42	0.22
	农业比较劳动生产率Agricultural comparative labor productivity/%	c₃	32.69	15.76
	户均耕地规模 Size of cultivated land per household/hm²	c₄	0.90	7.22
	工业化指数 Industrialization index/%	c₅	47.84	21.20
	金融支持 Finance support/%	c₆	44.19	27.33

变量类别 Variable category	变量名称 Variable name	变量符号 Variable symbol	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation
被解释变量 Explained variable	农业机械化水平 Agricultural mechanization level/(10⁴ kW)	y	35.70	36.75
解释变量 Explanatory variable	城市化水平 Urbanization level	x	5.54	5.06
中介变量	劳动力转移率 Labor transfer rate/%	Z₁	37.86	17.44
Mediating variable	作物种植结构 Crop planting structure/(10³ hm²)	Z₂	47.63	44.66
	农村交通设施 Rural transportation facilities/(m·km^-2)	Z₃	133.72	197.11
	耕地面积占比 Proportion of cultivated land/%	Z₄	28.22	19.37
控制变量	农业劳动力规模 Size of agricultural labor force	c₁	1.30	0.49
Control variable	农民收入水平 Farmer's income level/(10⁴ yuan)	c₂	0.42	0.22
	农业比较劳动生产率Agricultural comparative labor productivity/%	c₃	32.69	15.76
	户均耕地规模 Size of cultivated land per household/hm²	c₄	0.90	7.22
	工业化指数 Industrialization index/%	c₅	47.84	21.20
	金融支持 Finance support/%	c₆	44.19	27.33

变量 Variable	模型1 Model 1	模型2 Model 2	模型3 Model 3
x	0.408 4^***	0.466 1^***	-0.178 1^**
	(0.047 1)	(0.052 0)	(0.072 2)
x·c₂	—	-0.116 0^***	—
		(0.044 5)
x·c₃	—	—	0.027 3^***
			(0.002 6)
c₁	-0.835 0^*	-0.803 8	-0.929 5^*
	(0.490 6)	(0.490 7)	(0.488 7)
c₂	2.746 6^***	3.323 3^***	2.811 3^***
	(0.749 9)	(0.781 6)	(0.746 7)
c₃	0.007 3	0.006 3	-0.113 8^***
	(0.012 6)	(0.012 6)	(0.016 9)
c₄	0.135 7	0.136 8	0.132 7
	(0.122 5)	(0.122 5)	(0.122 0)
c₅	0.004 1	0.005 1	0.004 3
	(0.005 9)	(0.005 9)	(0.005 8)
c₆	-0.041 7^***	-0.041 7^***	-0.039 5^***
	(0.006 5)	(0.006 5)	(0.006 5)
常数项Constant	29.474 7^***	29.114 4^***	32.682 1^***
	(0.997 2)	(1.006 4)	(1.037 4)
R²	0.315 1	0.315 5	0.320 9

变量 Variable	模型1 Model 1	模型2 Model 2	模型3 Model 3
x	0.408 4^***	0.466 1^***	-0.178 1^**
	(0.047 1)	(0.052 0)	(0.072 2)
x·c₂	—	-0.116 0^***	—
		(0.044 5)
x·c₃	—	—	0.027 3^***
			(0.002 6)
c₁	-0.835 0^*	-0.803 8	-0.929 5^*
	(0.490 6)	(0.490 7)	(0.488 7)
c₂	2.746 6^***	3.323 3^***	2.811 3^***
	(0.749 9)	(0.781 6)	(0.746 7)
c₃	0.007 3	0.006 3	-0.113 8^***
	(0.012 6)	(0.012 6)	(0.016 9)
c₄	0.135 7	0.136 8	0.132 7
	(0.122 5)	(0.122 5)	(0.122 0)
c₅	0.004 1	0.005 1	0.004 3
	(0.005 9)	(0.005 9)	(0.005 8)
c₆	-0.041 7^***	-0.041 7^***	-0.039 5^***
	(0.006 5)	(0.006 5)	(0.006 5)
常数项Constant	29.474 7^***	29.114 4^***	32.682 1^***
	(0.997 2)	(1.006 4)	(1.037 4)
R²	0.315 1	0.315 5	0.320 9

变量 Variable	模型4 Model 4	模型5 Model 5	模型6 Model 6	模型7 Model 7	模型8 Model 8
x	0.626 4^***	0.516 8^***	0.382 7^***	—	—
	(0.050 2)	(0.052 5)	(0.047 7)
x₁	—	—	—	0.521 6^**	—
				(0.204 8)
x₂	—	—	—	—	0.443 1^***
					(0.069 0)
n	12 863	14 655	10 059	10 059	15 462
R²	0.313 6	0.313 1	0.216 4	0.210 7	0.313 4

城市化有利于农业机械化吗?——基于中国县域面板数据的实证分析

Does urbanization promote development of agricultural mechanization?: an empirical study based on county level panel data of China

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变量Variable	β₁	θ₁	λ₁	λ₂
Z₁	0.408 4^*** (0.047 1)	0.071 9^*** (0.024 5)	0.403 3^*** (0.047 1)	0.0709^*** (0.016 6)
Z₂	0.408 4^*** (0.047 1)	0.175 1^*** (0.046 5)	0.372 5^*** (0.046 1)	0.205 0^*** (0.008 5)
Z₃	0.659 1^*** (0.092 8)	2.904 3^*** (0.382 2)	0.641 3^*** (0.093 3)	0.006 1^* (0.003 3)
Z₄	0.408 4^*** (0.047 1)	-0.000 7 (0.041 7)	0.408 4^*** (0.047 1)	0.020 3^** (0.009 1)

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