纵轴流柔性弯齿式大豆脱粒装置的设计与试验

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221751

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (12): 2954-2965.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221751

纵轴流柔性弯齿式大豆脱粒装置的设计与试验

谭云峰(), 陈霖(), 胡森, 王键, 陈治帆, 吕小荣

四川农业大学机电学院,四川雅安625014

收稿日期:2022-11-15 出版日期:2023-12-25 发布日期:2023-12-27
作者简介:谭云峰(1997—),男,四川广安人,硕士研究生,主要从事农业机械与农业装备研究。E-mail:2898962681@qq.com
通讯作者: *陈霖,E-mail:461769837@qq.com
基金资助:
四川省科技厅重点研发项目(2021YFG0063);国家现代农业产业技术体系四川豆类杂粮创新团队专项(SCCXTD-2022-20)

Design and experiment of longitudinal-axial flow flexible bent-tooth soybean thresher

TAN Yunfeng(), CHEN Lin(), HU Sen, WANG Jian, CHEN Zhifan, LYU Xiaorong

College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, Sichuan, China

Received:2022-11-15 Online:2023-12-25 Published:2023-12-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对大豆脱粒装置在收获过程中易堵塞、籽粒损失率和破碎率高的问题,设计一种纵轴流柔性弯齿式大豆脱粒装置。本文阐述柔性脱粒元件及被动可转动式凹板筛的结构及工作原理,对脱粒弯齿进行受力分析,以EDEM和Recurdyn耦合仿真试验验证柔性脱粒元件在脱粒时与籽粒接触力的分析;通过响应面优化试验研究滚筒转速、脱粒间隙、喂入量对脱粒效果的影响,建立以籽粒夹带损失率和破碎率为响应值的多元二次回归模型。结果表明,滚筒转速为366.65 r·min^-1、凹板间隙组合为20.78 mm×15.78 mm、喂入量为1.286 kg·s^-1时脱粒装置脱粒性能最优,其平均夹带损失率为1.767%,破碎率为0.713%。通过田间试验验证满足实际作业需求。

关键词: 大豆脱粒装置, 柔性脱粒, 脱粒弯齿, 纵轴流

Abstract:

In order to solve the problems of the soybean threshing device, which is easy to jam in the process of harvest, high grain loss rate and breakage rate, a longitudinal axial flow flexible bent tooth threshing device for soybean was designed. This paper expounded the structure and working principle of flexible threshing element and passive rotatable concave screen, conducted the stress analysis of threshing bent teeth, and then verified the contact force analysis between flexible threshing element and grains by the coupling simulation test of EDEM and Recurdyn. The effects of roller speed, threshing gap and feeding amount on threshing efficiency were investigated by response surface optimization experiments, and a multiple quadratic regression model with average grain entrained loss rate and breakage rate as response values was established. The results showed that when the roller speed was 366.65 r·min^-1, the concave clearance combination was 20.78 mm×15.78 mm and the feeding amount was 1.286 kg·s^-1, the threshing device had an optimal threshing performance, in which the grain entrainment loss rate was 1.767% and the damage rate was 0.713%. The field test was verified to meet the actual operation requirements.

Key words: soybean threshing device, flexible threshing, threshing bent teeth, longitudinal axial flow

中图分类号:

S226.1

谭云峰, 陈霖, 胡森, 王键, 陈治帆, 吕小荣. 纵轴流柔性弯齿式大豆脱粒装置的设计与试验[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(12): 2954-2965.

TAN Yunfeng, CHEN Lin, HU Sen, WANG Jian, CHEN Zhifan, LYU Xiaorong. Design and experiment of longitudinal-axial flow flexible bent-tooth soybean thresher[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(12): 2954-2965.

图/表 21

图1 纵轴流柔性弯齿式大豆脱粒装置总体结构 1, 脱粒滚筒;2,导流板;3,外壳;4,机架;5,被动可转动凹板筛;6,传送带;7,收集盘;8,电机。

Fig.1 General structure of longitudinal-axial flow flexible bent-tooth soybean thresher 1, Threshing drum; 2, Guide plate; 3, Shell; 4, Rack; 5, Passively rotable concave sieve; 6, Conveyor belt; 7, Collection plate; 8, Motor.

图2 脱粒元件 1, 脱粒弯齿;2,限位底座;3,紧定螺钉;4,螺栓;5,指套;6,底座;7,螺帽;8,扭簧;9,辐条。

Fig.2 Threshing element 1, Degranulation curved teeth; 2, Limited seating; 3, Set screw; 4, Bolt; 5, Finger glove; 6, Base; 7, Nut; 8, Spring; 9, Spoke.

图3 脱粒弯齿受力示意图 Ft,弯齿受到来自物料的合外力; F n 1,螺栓对弯齿的支撑力; F n 2,扭簧对杆齿的作用力;β1,合外力Ft与水平方向的夹角;β2,扭簧对杆齿的作用力 F n 2与水平方向的夹角;β3,螺栓对弯齿的支撑力 F n 1与竖直方向上的夹角;θ,杆齿以螺栓为旋转中心逆时针转动角度;L,物料与脱粒弯齿接触点距离扭转中心。

Fig.3 Force diagram of threshing element Ft, The external forces of curved teeth subjected to the material; F n 1, The support force of the bolt on the bent teeth; F n 2, The force exerted by the torsion spring on the rod teeth; β1, The angle between the external force Ft and the horizontal direction; β2, The angle between the force F n 2 of the torsion spring on the rod teeth and the horizontal direction; β3, The angle between the support force F n 1 of the bolt on the curved teeth and the vertical direction; θ, The rod teeth rotate counterclockwise with the bolt as the center of rotation; L, The distance between the contact point of the material and the threshing bending tooth and the torsion center.

图4 被动转动式凹板筛单体 1, 凹板筛架;2,被动旋转筛分单元。

Fig.4 Passive rotary concave screen monomer 1, Concave sieve tray; 2, Passive rotary screening unit.

图5 物料在凹板筛侧运动受力示意图 ω,滚筒角速度;FN,物料受到凹板筛的打击力;μNFN,物料受到凹板筛的摩擦力;FS,物料受到脱粒元件的打击力;μSFS,物料受到脱粒元件的摩擦力;G,重力;β,物料运动螺旋角;V,物料运动速度;δ,脱粒元件对物料的作用角度。

Fig.5 The force diagram of the material moving on the screen side of concave plate ω, The angular speed of the roller; FN, The impact force of the material subjected to the concave sieve; μNFN, The friction of the material subjected to the concave screen; FS, The impact force of the material subjected to the threshing element; μSFS, The frictional force of the material subjected to the threshing element; G, Gravity; β, Spiral angle of material movement; V, Material movement speed; δ, The angle of action of the threshing element on the material.

表1 离散元仿真接触参数

Table 1 Discrete element simulation of contact parameters

材料 Materials	参数 Parameter	数值 Value	材料 Materials	参数 Parameter	数值 Value
茎秆	泊松比Poisson’s ratio	0.3	茎秆-籽粒	恢复系数Restitution coefficient	0.55
Stalks	密度Density/(kg·m^-3)	500	Stalks-Seeds	静摩擦系数Static friction coefficient	0.50
	弹性模量Elastic modulus/Pa	6×10⁸		滚动摩擦系数Rolling friction coefficient	0.05
钢板	泊松比Poisson’s ratio	0.3	籽粒-钢板	恢复系数Restitution coefficient	0.56
Steel plate	密度Density/(kg·m^-3)	7 800	Seeds-steel	静摩擦系数Static friction coefficient	0.43
	弹性模量Elastic modulus/Pa	7×10¹⁰	plate	滚动摩擦系数Rolling friction coefficient	0.01
籽粒Seeds	泊松比Poisson’s ratio	0.25	茎秆-茎秆	恢复系数Restitution coefficient	0.28
	密度Density/(kg·m^-3)	1236	Stalks-Stalks	静摩擦系数Static friction coefficient	0.38
	弹性模量Elastic modulus/Pa	1.04×10⁷		滚动摩擦系数Rolling friction coefficient	0.01
茎秆-钢板	恢复系数Restitution coefficient	0.68	籽粒-籽粒	恢复系数Restitution coefficient	0.55
Stalks-steel	静摩擦系数Static friction coefficient	0.32		静摩擦系数Static friction coefficient	0.50
plate	滚动摩擦系数Rolling friction coefficient	0.012	Seeds-Seeds	滚动摩擦系数Rolling friction coefficient	0.05

表2 颗粒间黏结参数

Table 2 Parameters of intergranular bond

材料Materials	参数Parameter	数值Value
籽粒-茎秆Seeds-stalks	法向单位面积刚度Normal stiffness per unit area/(kg·m^-3)	5×10⁸
	切向单位面积刚度Tangential stiffness per unit area/(kg·m^-3)	4×10⁸
	临界法向应力Critical normal stress/Pa	200 000
	临界切向应力Critical tangential stress/Pa	160 000
	黏结半径Bond radius/mm	4.2
茎秆-茎秆Stalks-stalks	法向单位面积刚度Normal stiffness per unit area/(kg·m^-3)	1.5×10¹⁰
	切向单位面积刚度Tangential stiffness per unit area/(kg·m^-3)	1.2×10¹⁰
	临界法向应力Critical normal stress/Pa	1.3×10⁷
	临界切向应力Critical tangential stress/Pa	1.04×10⁷
	黏结半径Bond radius/mm	4.2

图6 收获期大豆植株离散元建模

Fig.6 Discrete element modeling of soybean plant at harvest stage

图7 整机仿真模型

Fig.7 Whole machine simulation model

图8 耦合仿真过程

Fig.8 Coupling simulation process

图9 柔性和刚性弯齿的法向与切向接触力的对比

Fig.9 Comparison of normal and tangential contact forces of flexible and rigid bending teeth

图10 试验台架实物图

Fig.10 Physical drawing of test stand

表3 大豆植株基本参数

Table 3 Basic parameters of soybean plant

参数 Parameter	范围 Scope	均值 Mean
茎秆外径(大)	7.13~7.75	7.36
Stem outside diameter (large)/mm
茎秆外径(中)	5.86~6.39	6.11
Stem outer diameter (middle)/mm
茎秆外径(小)	4.81~5.14	4.98
Stem outside diameter (small)/mm
籽粒长轴	9.14~11.91	10.65
Long axis of grain/mm
籽粒短轴	5.82~7.31	6.43
Short axis of grain/mm
籽粒含水率	14.40~18.90	16.60
Grain moisture content/%

表4 试验因素水平

Table 4 Level of test factors

编码值 Code	滚筒转速 Roller speed(A)/ (r·min^-1)	脱粒间隙 Threshing clearance (B)/mm×mm	喂入量 Feed amount (C)/(kg·s^-1)
-1	350	15×10	1
0	400	20×15	2
1	450	25×20	3

表5 试验设计方案及结果

Table 5 Test design scheme and results

序号No.	A	B	C	Y₁/%	Y₂/%
1	0	-1	1	2.28	0.80
2	1	0	1	3.05	0.88
3	-1	-1	0	1.82	0.72
4	0	0	0	1.98	0.74
5	1	1	0	2.58	0.79
6	0	0	0	1.91	0.69
7	-1	0	-1	1.71	0.69
8	0	0	0	1.92	0.72
9	0	0	0	1.61	0.73
10	0	-1	-1	1.42	0.77
11	-1	0	1	2.53	0.75
12	0	1	1	3.03	0.72
13	1	0	-1	1.83	0.76
14	1	-1	0	2.41	0.81
15	0	1	-1	2.45	0.65
16	0	0	0	2.11	0.72
17	-1	1	0	1.81	0.68

表6 方差分析

Table 6 Analysis of variance

参数 Parameter	Y₁/%		Y₂/%
参数 Parameter	F值 F value	P值 P value	F值 F value	P值 P value
Model	4.07	0.038 7	7.64	0.006 9
A	6.11	0.042 7	30.11	0.000 9
B	5.75	0.047 6	12.72	0.009 1
C	18.50	0.003 6	14.75	0.006 4
AB	0.099 0	0.762 2	0.150 5	0.709 6
AC	0.488 9	0.507 0	1.35	0.282 6
BC	0.239 5	0.639 5	0.602 2	0.463 2
A²	0.704 4	0.429 0	6.69	0.036 1
B²	0.896 6	0.375 2	0.039 6	0.847 9
C²	3.40	0.107 8	1.94	0.206 2
失拟项Lack of fit	4.33	0.095 5	3.10	0.151 8

图11 因素交互作用对损失率的影响

Fig.11 Effect of factor interaction on loss rate

图12 因素交互作用对破碎率的影响

Fig.12 Effect of interaction of factors on breakage rate

表7 优化结果验证试验

Table 7 Optimization result validation test

编号 No.	滚筒转速 Roller speed(A)/ (r·min^-1)	脱粒间隙 Threshing clearance(B)/ mm×mm	喂入量 Feed amount(C)/ (kg·s^-1)	损失率 Loss rate (Y₁)/%	破碎率 Breakage rate (Y₂)/%
1	366.65	20.78×15.78	1.286	1.79	0.69
2	366.65	20.78×15.78	1.286	1.75	0.73
3	366.65	20.78×15.78	1.286	1.76	0.72
平均值Average value	366.65	20.78×15.78	1.286	1.767	0.713

图13 机具安装

Fig.13 Installation of machinery and tools

图14 大豆收获试验现场

Fig.14 Soybean harvest test site

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纵轴流柔性弯齿式大豆脱粒装置的设计与试验

Design and experiment of longitudinal-axial flow flexible bent-tooth soybean thresher

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