黄色赤红壤与开沟部件互作的离散元参数标定及试验

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230887

浙江农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 1400-1412.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230887

黄色赤红壤与开沟部件互作的离散元参数标定及试验

熊厚全¹(), 江洁²^,^*()

1.昆明理工大学机电工程学院,云南昆明 650051
2.红河学院工学院,云南蒙自 661100

收稿日期:2023-07-17 出版日期:2024-06-25 发布日期:2024-07-02
作者简介:熊厚全(1998—),男,重庆人,硕士研究生,主要从事农业机械设计、结构分析。E-mail: XH18887@163.com
通讯作者: *江洁,E-mail: 57224911@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(61801175)

Discrete element parameter calibration and testing of interaction between yellow lateritic red soil and trenching components

XIONG Houquan¹(), JIANG Jie²^,^*()

1. School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Technology, Kunming 650051, China
2. School of Engineering, Honghe University, Mengzi 661100, Yunnan, China

Received:2023-07-17 Online:2024-06-25 Published:2024-07-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决甘蔗种植机械与种植土壤间互作参数缺失的问题,选取云南南部甘蔗种植主要土种之一的黄色赤红壤进行离散元参数标定。首先以土壤休止角为响应值,使用Design-Expert 软件的Box-Behnken优化方法获得土壤休止角的回归模型,以实测休止角为优化目标,针对不同层的土壤得到仿真值与实测值相对误差分别为1.76%,2.54%。其次,通过3个物理试验测得接触参数范围,并以静滑动摩擦角为响应值,对不同层的土壤寻优的相对误差分别为1.61%、2.29%。结果表明,仿真值与实测值误差较小,可为黄色赤红壤与触土部件(65 Mn钢)间互作的仿真参数提供参考。

关键词: 黄色赤红壤, 离散元仿真, 参数标定, 黏土

Abstract:

To solve the problem of missing interaction parameters between sugarcane planting machinery and planting soil, yellow lateritic red soil, one of the main sugarcane planting soil species in southern Yunnan, was selected for discrete element parameter calibration. Firstly, take the soil angle of repose as the response value, use the Box-Behnken optimization method of Design-Expert software to obtain the regression model of the soil angle of repose. With the measured angle of repose as the optimization goal, the relative errors between the simulated value and the measured value for different layers of soil are 1.76% and 2.54% respectively. Secondly, the range of contact parameters is measured through three physical tests, and the relative error of optimization for different layers is 1.61% and 2.29% respectively with the static sliding friction angle as the response value. The results indicate that the error between the simulated and measured values is relatively small, which can provide reference for the simulation parameters of the interaction between yellow lateritic red soil and soil contact components (65Mn steel).

Key words: yellow lateritic red soil, discrete element simulation, parameter calibration, clay

中图分类号:

S152.9
S22

熊厚全, 江洁. 黄色赤红壤与开沟部件互作的离散元参数标定及试验[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(6): 1400-1412.

XIONG Houquan, JIANG Jie. Discrete element parameter calibration and testing of interaction between yellow lateritic red soil and trenching components[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(6): 1400-1412.

图/表 21

图1 环刀取样

Fig.1 Ring knife sampling

表1 土壤的密度及其含水率

Table 1 Soil density and moisture content

土层深度 Soil depth/mm	土壤密度 Soil density/ (kg·m^-3)	土壤含水率 Soil moisture content/%
0~<100	1 397.05	7.6
100~<200	1 402.45	8.2
200~<300	1 458.05	9.3
300~400	1 459.65	9.6

表2 合并后土壤的密度及含水率

Table 2 Density and moisture content of soil after consolidation

编号 No.	土层深度 Soil depth/mm	密度 Density/ (kg·m^-3)	土壤含水率 Soil moisture content/%
A1	0~<200	1 399.75	7.90
A2	200~400	1 458.85	9.45

图2 标准试验筛

Fig.2 Standard test sieve

图3 分筛后的各级土壤

Fig.3 Different levels of soil after sieving A,0~<0.05 mm;B,0.05~<0.1 mm;C,0.1~<0.5 mm;D,0.5~<1 mm;E,1~2 mm;F,>2 mm。

图4 休止角试验台及漏斗尺寸

Fig.4 Dimensions of angle of repost test bench and funnel

图5 A1层堆积图像及线性拟合图

Fig.5 A1 stacked image and linear fitting diagram

图6 A2层堆积图像及线性拟合图

Fig.6 A2 stacked image and linear fitting diagram

表3 土壤休止角测量结果

Table 3 Measurement results of soil angle of repost (°)

土层 Soil layer	方位1 Position 1		方位2 Position 2		方位3 Position 3		平均值 Average value
土层 Soil layer	左侧角度 Left angle	右侧角度 Right angle	左侧角度 Left angle	右侧角度 Right angle	左侧角度 Left angle	右侧角度 Right angle	平均值 Average value
A1	38.66	39.81	39.99	42.51	39.24	35.54	39.29
A2	40.60	45.14	39.81	42.51	42.69	44.06	42.47

图7 测量原理及其静摩擦试验台 A, 静摩擦系数测量原理。图中G0为土块重力,N;f0为摩擦力,N;N0为支撑力,N;α为底座与斜面夹角,(°); B为底座长度,mm;H为斜面末端高度,mm。B,静摩擦系数试验台。

Fig.7 Measurement principle and static friction test bench A, Principle of measuring static friction coefficient. In Figure A, G0 represents the gravity of the soil block, N; f0 is the frictional force, N; N0 is the support force, N; α is the angle between the base and the inclined plane, (°); B is the length of the base, mm; H is the height of the end of the inclined plane, mm. B, Static friction coefficient test bench.

图8 测量原理及其滚动摩擦试验台 A,滚动摩擦系数测量原理。A图中f1为土球所受摩擦力,N;N1为土球所受支持力,N。B,滚动摩擦系数试验平台。

Fig.8 Measurement principle and rolling friction test bench A, Principle of measuring rolling friction coefficient. In Figure A, f1 is the frictional force on the soil ball, N; N1 is the support force on the soil ball, N. B, Rolling friction coefficient test platform.

图9 测量原理及斜板碰撞试验平台 A, 恢复系数测量原理。A图中,1为试验土球,2为试验斜板(65 Mn钢板),3为铁架台,4为支撑底座,5为接料板。 B,斜板碰撞试验平台。

Fig.9 Measurement principle and inclined plate collision test platform A, Principle of recovery coefficient measurement. In Figure A, 1 is the test soil ball, 2 is the test inclined plate (65Mn steel plate), 3 is the iron frame, 4 is the support base, 5 is the material connection plate. B, Inclined plate collision test platform.

图10 土壤颗粒形状

Fig.10 Soil particle shape

表4 土壤休止角仿真试验因素编码

Table 4 Code of factors for simulation test of soil angle of repost

编码 Code	各因素的设定值Setting value of factors
编码 Code	JKR 表面能 JKR surface energy (x₁)/(J·m^-2 )	土壤间恢复系数 Soil restoration coefficient (x₂)	土壤间滚动摩擦因数 Rolling friction coefficient between soils (x₃)	土壤间静摩擦因数 Static friction coefficient between soils(x₄)
-1	0.10	0.15	0.050	0.20
0	0.45	0.45	0.125	0.56
1	0.80	0.75	0.200	0.92

图11 土壤休止角仿真试验

Fig.11 Simulation test of soil angle of repost

表5 土壤休止角仿真试验方案设计及结果

Table 5 Design and results of soil angle of repost simulation test scheme

试验编号 No.	各因素的设定值Setting value of factors				休止角 Angle of repose (θ)/(°)
试验编号 No.	JKR 表面能 JKR surface energy (x₁)	恢复系数 Restoration coefficient (x₂)	滚动摩擦因数 Rolling friction coefficient (x₃)	静摩擦因数 Static friction coefficient(x₄)	休止角 Angle of repose (θ)/(°)
1	0.45	0.45	0.125	0.56	45.64
2	0.45	0.75	0.050	0.56	47.47
3	0.45	0.45	0.125	0.56	45.77
4	0.80	0.75	0.125	0.56	51.32
5	0.80	0.45	0.050	0.56	53.01
6	0.45	0.15	0.125	0.92	50.14
7	0.45	0.45	0.200	0.20	46.71
8	0.45	0.15	0.200	0.56	44.21
9	0.10	0.45	0.200	0.56	38.66
10	0.80	0.45	0.200	0.56	49.14
11	0.10	0.75	0.125	0.56	38.88
12	0.10	0.15	0.125	0.56	38.11
13	0.45	0.45	0.125	0.56	47.99
14	0.10	0.45	0.125	0.20	38.06
15	0.45	0.45	0.050	0.92	48.96
16	0.45	0.15	0.125	0.20	48.60
17	0.80	0.15	0.125	0.56	50.68
18	0.80	0.45	0.125	0.92	54.24
19	0.45	0.45	0.125	0.56	46.06
20	0.10	0.45	0.050	0.56	36.34
21	0.80	0.45	0.125	0.20	53.61
22	0.45	0.75	0.125	0.20	48.22
23	0.45	0.45	0.200	0.92	49.27
24	0.45	0.15	0.050	0.56	48.35
25	0.45	0.45	0.050	0.20	48.43
26	0.10	0.45	0.125	0.92	38.65
27	0.45	0.75	0.125	0.92	50.52
28	0.45	0.75	0.200	0.56	48.16
29	0.45	0.45	0.125	0.56	47.21

表6 回归模型方差分析

Table 6 Regression model analysis of variance

方差源 Square difference source	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F	P	显著性 Significance
模型Model	684.68	14	48.91	56.43	0.000 1	**
x₁	578.24	1	578.24	667.23	0.000 1	**
x₂	1.67	1	1.67	1.93	0.186 5
x₃	3.42	1	3.42	3.95	0.066 8
x₄	5.54	1	5.54	6.39	0.024 2	*
x₁x₂	0.004 2	1	0.004 2	0.004 9	0.945 3
x₁x₃	9.58	1	9.58	11.05	0.005 0	**
x₁x₄	0.000 4	1	0.000 4	0.000 5	0.983 2
x₂x₃	5.83	1	5.83	6.73	0.021 2	*
x₂x₄	0.144 4	1	0.144 4	0.166 6	0.689 3
x₃x₄	1.03	1	1.03	1.19	0.294 0
$x 12$	35.38	1	35.38	40.82	0.000 1	**
$x 22$	2.82	1	2.82	3.26	0.092 7
$x 32$	0.045 9	1	0.045 9	0.052 9	0.821 4
$x 42$	26.03	1	26.03	30.04	0.000 1	**
残差Residual error	12.13	14	0.866 6
失拟项Misfit term	7.95	10	0.794 8	0.759 8	0.671 3
纯误差Pure error	4.18	4	1.05
总和Sum	696.82	28
R²	0.982 6
$R a d j 2$	0.965 2

表6 回归模型方差分析

Table 6 Regression model analysis of variance

方差源 Square difference source	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F	P	显著性 Significance
模型Model	684.68	14	48.91	56.43	0.000 1	**
x₁	578.24	1	578.24	667.23	0.000 1	**
x₂	1.67	1	1.67	1.93	0.186 5
x₃	3.42	1	3.42	3.95	0.066 8
x₄	5.54	1	5.54	6.39	0.024 2	*
x₁x₂	0.004 2	1	0.004 2	0.004 9	0.945 3
x₁x₃	9.58	1	9.58	11.05	0.005 0	**
x₁x₄	0.000 4	1	0.000 4	0.000 5	0.983 2
x₂x₃	5.83	1	5.83	6.73	0.021 2	*
x₂x₄	0.144 4	1	0.144 4	0.166 6	0.689 3
x₃x₄	1.03	1	1.03	1.19	0.294 0
$x 12$	35.38	1	35.38	40.82	0.000 1	**
$x 22$	2.82	1	2.82	3.26	0.092 7
$x 32$	0.045 9	1	0.045 9	0.052 9	0.821 4
$x 42$	26.03	1	26.03	30.04	0.000 1	**
残差Residual error	12.13	14	0.866 6
失拟项Misfit term	7.95	10	0.794 8	0.759 8	0.671 3
纯误差Pure error	4.18	4	1.05
总和Sum	696.82	28
R²	0.982 6
$R a d j 2$	0.965 2

图12 土壤滑落物理试验 A, 土壤滑落前;B, 土壤滑落后。

Fig.12 Soil sliding physical test A, Before soil sliding; B, After soil sliding.

表7 土壤滑落仿真试验因素及编码

Table 7 Factors and codes for soil sliding simulation test

编码 Code	各因素的设定值Setting value of factors
编码 Code	S-M碰撞恢复系数 S-M collision recovery coefficient (x₅)	S-M静摩擦因素 S-M static friction factor(x₆)	S-M滚动摩擦因素 S-M rolling friction factor(x₇)
-1	0.052	0.36	0.078
0	0.268	0.47	0.117
1	0.484	0.58	0.156

表8 土壤滑落仿真试验方案设计及结果

Table 8 Design and results of soil sliding simulation test scheme

试验编号 No.	各因素的设定值Setting value of factors			土壤静滑动摩擦角 Soil static sliding friction angle (λ)/(°)
试验编号 No.	S-M碰撞恢复系数 S-M collision recovery coefficient (x₅)	S-M静摩擦因素 S-M static friction factor(x₆)	S-M滚动摩擦因素 S-M rolling friction factor(x₇)	土壤静滑动摩擦角 Soil static sliding friction angle (λ)/(°)
1	0.052	0.58	0.117	28.84
2	0.484	0.47	0.156	25.63
3	0.268	0.58	0.078	29.28
4	0.268	0.36	0.078	20.37
5	0.484	0.58	0.117	28.82
6	0.484	0.36	0.117	20.84
7	0.268	0.47	0.117	24.89
8	0.052	0.47	0.156	25.26
9	0.052	0.47	0.078	24.41
10	0.268	0.47	0.117	24.83
11	0.268	0.47	0.117	24.80
12	0.484	0.47	0.078	24.71
13	0.268	0.47	0.117	24.34
14	0.268	0.58	0.156	29.62
15	0.268	0.36	0.156	20.09
16	0.268	0.47	0.117	24.43
17	0.052	0.36	0.117	19.84

表9 回归模型方差分析

Table 9 Regression model analysis of variance

方差源 Square difference source	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F	P	显著性 Significance
模型Model	158.37	9	17.60	136.77	0.000 1	**
x₅	0.340 3	1	0.340 3	2.64	0.147 9
x₆	156.82	1	156.82	1 218.8	0.000 1	**
x₇	0.418 6	1	0.418 6	3.25	0.114 3
x₅x₆	0.260 1	1	0.260 1	2.02	0.198 1
x₅x₇	0.001 2	1	0.001 2	0.009 5	0.925 0
x₆x₇	0.096 1	1	0.096 1	0.746 9	0.416 1
$x 52$	0.008 4	1	0.008 4	0.065 5	0.805 3
$x 62$	0.058 4	1	0.058 4	0.453 7	0.522 2
$x 72$	0.378 3	1	0.378 3	2.94	0.130 1
残差Residual error	0.900 7	7	0.128 7
失拟项Misfit term	0.644 0	3	0.214 7	3.35	0.136 9
纯误差Pure error	0.256 7	4	0.064 2
总和Sum	159.27	16
R²	0.994 3
$R a d j 2$	0.987 1

表9 回归模型方差分析

Table 9 Regression model analysis of variance

方差源 Square difference source	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F	P	显著性 Significance
模型Model	158.37	9	17.60	136.77	0.000 1	**
x₅	0.340 3	1	0.340 3	2.64	0.147 9
x₆	156.82	1	156.82	1 218.8	0.000 1	**
x₇	0.418 6	1	0.418 6	3.25	0.114 3
x₅x₆	0.260 1	1	0.260 1	2.02	0.198 1
x₅x₇	0.001 2	1	0.001 2	0.009 5	0.925 0
x₆x₇	0.096 1	1	0.096 1	0.746 9	0.416 1
$x 52$	0.008 4	1	0.008 4	0.065 5	0.805 3
$x 62$	0.058 4	1	0.058 4	0.453 7	0.522 2
$x 72$	0.378 3	1	0.378 3	2.94	0.130 1
残差Residual error	0.900 7	7	0.128 7
失拟项Misfit term	0.644 0	3	0.214 7	3.35	0.136 9
纯误差Pure error	0.256 7	4	0.064 2
总和Sum	159.27	16
R²	0.994 3
$R a d j 2$	0.987 1

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黄色赤红壤与开沟部件互作的离散元参数标定及试验

Discrete element parameter calibration and testing of interaction between yellow lateritic red soil and trenching components

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