山区猕猴桃溃疡病病原菌的鉴定及不同类型高效防治药剂的筛选

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240651

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (10): 2116-2128.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240651

山区猕猴桃溃疡病病原菌的鉴定及不同类型高效防治药剂的筛选

李强¹(), 刘思彤¹, 黄显斌¹^,², 姜君龙¹, 邓建宇¹, 王教瑜², 李玲¹^,^*

1.浙江农林大学现代农学院,浙江杭州 311300
2.浙江省农业科学院植物保护与微生物研究所,浙江杭州310021

收稿日期:2024-07-18 出版日期:2025-10-25 发布日期:2025-11-13
作者简介:李强(1998—),男,江西赣州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业有害生物综合防控。E-mail:liqiang202208@163.com
通讯作者: *李玲, E-mail:liling-06@163.com
基金资助:
嘉兴市科技特派员项目(K2024-2-2-01)

Identification of pathogenic bacteria of kiwifruit canker in mountainous area and screening of different types of efficient control fungicides

LI Qiang¹(), LIU Sitong¹, HUANG Xianbin¹^,², JIANG Junlong¹, DENG Jianyu¹, WANG Jiaoyu², LI Ling¹^,^*

1. College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
2. Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China

Received:2024-07-18 Online:2025-10-25 Published:2025-11-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为筛选猕猴桃溃疡病的有效防治药剂,为该病害的防控提供科学依据。本文采用形态学观察和rDNA序列分析等方法鉴定分离到的菌株,确定引起临安山区猕猴桃溃疡病的病原为丁香假单胞菌猕猴桃致病变种(Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, Psa)。并利用抑菌圈法与全株喷雾法分别对19种杀菌剂进行室内防治效果初筛、毒力测定及田间防治效果试验。室内毒力测定及田间防治效果试验结果表明,在生物体药剂中,3%中生菌素可湿性粉剂(WP)、10%中生菌素·氨基寡糖素WP效果最好,有效中浓度(EC₅₀)分别为1.502 8、64.378 3 mg·L^-1,田间防治效果分别为91.72%、79.92%,其中0.4%大丽轮枝孢激活蛋白AS无室内抑菌活性,但田间防治效果达78.12%。有机合成杀菌剂中33.5%喹啉铜悬浮剂(SC)效果最佳,EC₅₀为94.050 5 mg·L^-1,田间防治效果为86.55%;生物化学+生物杀菌剂中4%春雷霉素·中生菌素WP效果最优,EC₅₀值为49.185 0 mg·L^-1,田间防治效果为73.59%。10%中生菌素·氨基寡糖素WP、枯草芽孢杆菌WP、33.5%喹啉铜SC、0.4%大丽轮枝孢激活蛋白AS的最佳浓度分别为800倍、3 000倍、800倍液、200倍液。山区猕猴桃溃疡病的防治可选用生物药剂枯草芽孢杆菌WP、3%中生菌素WP、10%中生菌素·氨基寡糖素WP,无机杀菌剂46%氢氧化铜水分散粒剂(WG),有机合成杀菌剂33.5%喹啉铜SC,以及生物化学+生物药剂4%春雷霉素·中生菌素WP。

关键词: 猕猴桃溃疡病, 抑菌活性, 室内毒力, 防治效果

Abstract:

This study aimed to screen effective fungicides for kiwifruit canker, providing references for the prevention and control of this disease. The isolated strains were identified by morphological observation and rDNA gene sequence analysis. The pathogen causing kiwifruit canker in Lin’an mountainous area was identified as Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae.The bacteriostatic circle method and whole plant spraying method were used to preliminarily screen the indoor control effect, toxicity tests, and field control tests of 19 fungicides. The results of indoor toxicity tests and field control effect tests showed that 3% zhongshengmycin wettable powder(WP) and 10% zhongshengmycin·oligosaccharins WP had the best effect in biological fungicides, with median effective concentration (EC₅₀) of 1.502 8 mg·L^-1 and 64.378 3 mg·L^-1, respectively. The field control effects were 91.72% and 79.92%, respectively. Among them, 0.4% Verticillium dahliae Asp-f2 Like AS had no indoor antibacterial activity, but the field control effect was 78.12%. 33.5% oxine-copper suspension concentrate(SC) was the best agent, with the EC₅₀ of 94.050 5 mg·L^-1 and field control effect of 86.55% in organic synthetic fungicides. Among the biochemical+biological fungicides, 4% kasugamycin·zhongshengmycin WP had the best effect, with EC₅₀ of 49.185 0 mg·L^-1 and field control effect of 73.59%. In addition, the optimal concentrations of 10% zhongshengmycin·oligosaccharins WP, Bacillus subtilis WP, 33.5% oxine-copper SC and 0.4% Verticillium dahliae Asp-f2 Like aqueous suspension (AS) in the field were 800 times, 3 000 times, 800 times and 200 times, respectively. For the prevention and control of kiwifruit canker disease in mountainous area, the following fungicides can be used: biological fungicides(Bacillus subtilis WP, 3% zhongshengmycin WP, 10% zhongshengmycin·oligosaccharins WP), inorganic fungicides (46% copper hydroxide water dispersible granule WG), organic synthetic fungicides (33.5% oxine-copper SC), and biochemical+biological fungicides (4% kasugamycin·zhongshengmycin WP).

Key words: kiwifruit canker disease, antibacterial activity, indoor toxicity, control effect

中图分类号:

S436.634

李强, 刘思彤, 黄显斌, 姜君龙, 邓建宇, 王教瑜, 李玲. 山区猕猴桃溃疡病病原菌的鉴定及不同类型高效防治药剂的筛选[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(10): 2116-2128.

LI Qiang, LIU Sitong, HUANG Xianbin, JIANG Junlong, DENG Jianyu, WANG Jiaoyu, LI Ling. Identification of pathogenic bacteria of kiwifruit canker in mountainous area and screening of different types of efficient control fungicides[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(10): 2116-2128.

图/表 7

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杀菌剂名称和剂型 Name and formulation of fungicide	类型 Type	Psa-2
杀菌剂名称和剂型 Name and formulation of fungicide	类型 Type	抑菌圈直径 Diameter of inhibition zone/mm	抑菌率 Inhibition rate/%
3%中生菌素WP 3% zhongshengmycin WP	生物体杀菌剂 Biological fungicide	16.03±2.18	72.76
20%春雷霉素WG 20% kasugamycin WG	生物体杀菌剂 Biological fungicide	6.11±0.75	50.46
枯草芽孢杆菌WP Bacillus subtilis WP	生物体杀菌剂 Biological fungicide	7.42±1.25	55.28
0.4%大丽轮枝孢激活蛋白AS 0.4% Verticillium dahliae Asp-f2 Like AS	生物体杀菌剂 Biological fungicide	0±0	0
解淀粉芽孢杆菌SC Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC	生物体杀菌剂 Biological fungicide	0±0	0
46%氢氧化铜WG 46% copper hydroxide WG	生物体杀菌剂 Biological fungicide	6.56±0.44	52.21
3%噻霉酮ME 3% benziothiazolinone ME	生物体杀菌剂 Biological fungicide	14.67±2.00	70.97
33.5%喹啉铜SC 33.5% oxine-copper SC	生物化学杀菌剂 Biochemical fungicide	8.50±1.47	58.62
30%噻唑锌SC 30% zinc thiazole SC	无机杀菌剂 Inorganic fungicide	0±0	0
20%乙酸铜WG 20% acetic acid WG	有机合成杀菌剂 Organic synthetic fungicide	0±0	0
0.3%四霉素AS+50%氯溴异睛尿酸SP+20%春雷霉素WG 0.3% tetramycin AS+50% chloroisobromine cyanuric acid SP +20% kasugamycin WG	有机合成杀菌剂 Organic synthetic fungicide	33.22±0.80	84.70
4%春雷霉素·中生菌素WP 4% kasugamycin·zhongshengmycin WP	有机合成杀菌剂 Organic synthetic fungicides	13.50±0.25	69.23
27%春雷霉素·溴菌腈WP 27% kasugamycin·bromothalonil WP	有机合成杀菌剂 Organic synthetic fungicides	12.58±0.95	67.71
10%中生菌素·氨基寡糖素WP 10% zhongshengmycin·oligosaccharins WP	生物体+有机合成+生物化学杀菌剂 Biological+organic synthesis+ biochemical fungicides	6.31±0.42	51.24
40%春雷霉素·噻唑锌SC 40% kasugamycin·zinc thiazole SC	生物化学+生物体杀菌剂 Biochemical+biological fungicides	2.58±0.45	30.10
45%春雷霉素·喹啉铜SC 45% kasugamycin·oxine-copper SC	生物化学+有机合成杀菌剂 Biochemical+organic synthetic fungicides	3.06±0.98	33.74
33%春雷霉素·喹啉铜SC 33% kasugamycin·oxine-copper SC	生物化学+有机合成杀菌剂 Biochemical+organic synthetic fungicides	1.22±1.61	16.92
25%氨基寡糖素·乙蒜素ME 25% oligosaccharins·ethylicin ME	生物化学+有机合成杀菌剂 Biochemical+organic synthetic fungicides	1.03±0.08	14.62
6%氨基寡糖素·极细链格孢激活蛋白WP 6% oligosaccharins·activator protein WP	生物化学+有机合成杀菌剂 Biochemical+organic synthetic fungicides	0±0	0
CK		0±0	0

杀菌剂名称和剂型 Name and formulation of fungicide	类型 Type	Psa-2
杀菌剂名称和剂型 Name and formulation of fungicide	类型 Type	抑菌圈直径 Diameter of inhibition zone/mm	抑菌率 Inhibition rate/%
3%中生菌素WP 3% zhongshengmycin WP	生物体杀菌剂 Biological fungicide	16.03±2.18	72.76
20%春雷霉素WG 20% kasugamycin WG	生物体杀菌剂 Biological fungicide	6.11±0.75	50.46
枯草芽孢杆菌WP Bacillus subtilis WP	生物体杀菌剂 Biological fungicide	7.42±1.25	55.28
0.4%大丽轮枝孢激活蛋白AS 0.4% Verticillium dahliae Asp-f2 Like AS	生物体杀菌剂 Biological fungicide	0±0	0
解淀粉芽孢杆菌SC Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC	生物体杀菌剂 Biological fungicide	0±0	0
46%氢氧化铜WG 46% copper hydroxide WG	生物体杀菌剂 Biological fungicide	6.56±0.44	52.21
3%噻霉酮ME 3% benziothiazolinone ME	生物体杀菌剂 Biological fungicide	14.67±2.00	70.97
33.5%喹啉铜SC 33.5% oxine-copper SC	生物化学杀菌剂 Biochemical fungicide	8.50±1.47	58.62
30%噻唑锌SC 30% zinc thiazole SC	无机杀菌剂 Inorganic fungicide	0±0	0
20%乙酸铜WG 20% acetic acid WG	有机合成杀菌剂 Organic synthetic fungicide	0±0	0
0.3%四霉素AS+50%氯溴异睛尿酸SP+20%春雷霉素WG 0.3% tetramycin AS+50% chloroisobromine cyanuric acid SP +20% kasugamycin WG	有机合成杀菌剂 Organic synthetic fungicide	33.22±0.80	84.70
4%春雷霉素·中生菌素WP 4% kasugamycin·zhongshengmycin WP	有机合成杀菌剂 Organic synthetic fungicides	13.50±0.25	69.23
27%春雷霉素·溴菌腈WP 27% kasugamycin·bromothalonil WP	有机合成杀菌剂 Organic synthetic fungicides	12.58±0.95	67.71
10%中生菌素·氨基寡糖素WP 10% zhongshengmycin·oligosaccharins WP	生物体+有机合成+生物化学杀菌剂 Biological+organic synthesis+ biochemical fungicides	6.31±0.42	51.24
40%春雷霉素·噻唑锌SC 40% kasugamycin·zinc thiazole SC	生物化学+生物体杀菌剂 Biochemical+biological fungicides	2.58±0.45	30.10
45%春雷霉素·喹啉铜SC 45% kasugamycin·oxine-copper SC	生物化学+有机合成杀菌剂 Biochemical+organic synthetic fungicides	3.06±0.98	33.74
33%春雷霉素·喹啉铜SC 33% kasugamycin·oxine-copper SC	生物化学+有机合成杀菌剂 Biochemical+organic synthetic fungicides	1.22±1.61	16.92
25%氨基寡糖素·乙蒜素ME 25% oligosaccharins·ethylicin ME	生物化学+有机合成杀菌剂 Biochemical+organic synthetic fungicides	1.03±0.08	14.62
6%氨基寡糖素·极细链格孢激活蛋白WP 6% oligosaccharins·activator protein WP	生物化学+有机合成杀菌剂 Biochemical+organic synthetic fungicides	0±0	0
CK		0±0	0

杀菌剂名称和剂型 Name and formulation of fungicide	线性方程 Linear equation	有效中浓度 Median effective concentration (EC₅₀)/(mg· L^-1)	决定系数 Coefficient of determination (R²)	95%置信限 95% confidence limit/(mg· L^-1)
3%中生菌素WP 3% zhongshengmycin WP	y=0.107 4x+0.481	1.502 8	0.966 3	0~18.43
10%中生菌素·氨基寡糖素WP 10% zhongshengmycin·oligosaccharins WP	y=0.139 6x+0.247 5	64.378 3	0.934 6	7.44~148.83
枯草芽孢杆菌WP Bacillus subtilis WP	y=0.437 3x-0.782 3	855.681 0	0.977 0	631.57~1 304.87
20%春雷霉素WG 20% kasugamycin WG	y=0.303 7x-0.354 8	652.558 9	0.986 0	416.86~972.95
46%氢氧化铜WG 46% Copper hydroxide WG	y=0.552 3x-1.172 5	1 067.199 0	0.957 0	785.58~1 511.34
33.5%喹啉铜SC 33.5% oxine-copper SC	y=0.578 1x-0.640 8	94.050 5	0.977 4	60.95~138.73
3%噻霉酮ME 3% benziothiazolinone ME	y=0.477 6x-0.675 5	289.244 2	0.977 2	250.64~453.42
0.3%四霉素AS+50%氯溴异睛尿酸SP+20%春雷霉素WG 0.3% tetramycin AS+50% chloroisobromine cyanuric acid SP +20% kasugamycin WG	y=0.109 8x+0.536 9	0.435 9	0.944 6	0.00~6.27
4%春雷霉素·中生菌素WP 4% kasugamycin·zhongshengmycin WP	y=0.210 6x+0.143 7	49.185 0	0.924 0	17.23~81.85
27%春雷霉素·溴菌腈WP 27% kasugamycin·bromothalonil WP	y=0.506 4x-0.871 9	511.827 0	0.973 2	403.84~720.95

杀菌剂名称和剂型 Name and formulation of fungicide	线性方程 Linear equation	有效中浓度 Median effective concentration (EC₅₀)/(mg· L^-1)	决定系数 Coefficient of determination (R²)	95%置信限 95% confidence limit/(mg· L^-1)
3%中生菌素WP 3% zhongshengmycin WP	y=0.107 4x+0.481	1.502 8	0.966 3	0~18.43
10%中生菌素·氨基寡糖素WP 10% zhongshengmycin·oligosaccharins WP	y=0.139 6x+0.247 5	64.378 3	0.934 6	7.44~148.83
枯草芽孢杆菌WP Bacillus subtilis WP	y=0.437 3x-0.782 3	855.681 0	0.977 0	631.57~1 304.87
20%春雷霉素WG 20% kasugamycin WG	y=0.303 7x-0.354 8	652.558 9	0.986 0	416.86~972.95
46%氢氧化铜WG 46% Copper hydroxide WG	y=0.552 3x-1.172 5	1 067.199 0	0.957 0	785.58~1 511.34
33.5%喹啉铜SC 33.5% oxine-copper SC	y=0.578 1x-0.640 8	94.050 5	0.977 4	60.95~138.73
3%噻霉酮ME 3% benziothiazolinone ME	y=0.477 6x-0.675 5	289.244 2	0.977 2	250.64~453.42
0.3%四霉素AS+50%氯溴异睛尿酸SP+20%春雷霉素WG 0.3% tetramycin AS+50% chloroisobromine cyanuric acid SP +20% kasugamycin WG	y=0.109 8x+0.536 9	0.435 9	0.944 6	0.00~6.27
4%春雷霉素·中生菌素WP 4% kasugamycin·zhongshengmycin WP	y=0.210 6x+0.143 7	49.185 0	0.924 0	17.23~81.85
27%春雷霉素·溴菌腈WP 27% kasugamycin·bromothalonil WP	y=0.506 4x-0.871 9	511.827 0	0.973 2	403.84~720.95

杀菌剂名称和剂型 Name and formulation of fungicide	叶片发病率 Leaf incidence/%	病情指数 Disease index	防治效果 Control effect/%
枯草芽孢杆菌WP Bacillus subtilis WP	4.67±2.18 eE	0.69±0.38 fF	93.14±3.72 aA
3%中生菌素WP 3% zhongshengmycin WP	6.81±0.23 deDE	0.83±0.10 efEF	91.72±1.03 abAB
10%中生菌素·氨基寡糖素WP 10% zhongshengmycin·oligosaccharins WP	10.60±1.29 deDE	2.02±0.87 efEF	79.92±8.59 abAB
0.4%大丽轮枝孢激活蛋白AS 0.4% Verticillium dahliae Asp-f2 Like AS	11.27±5.39 deDE	2.21±0.57 efEF	78.12±5.67 abAB
6%氨基寡糖素·极细链格孢激活蛋白WP 6% oligosaccharins·activator protein WP	15.84±0.63 cdCD	4.20±0.18 cdCD	58.32±1.75 cdCD
25%氨基寡糖素·乙蒜素ME 25% oligosaccharins·ethylicin ME	28.80±6.72 abAB	8.06±0.75 bB	20.10±7.40 eE
20%春雷霉素WG 20% kasugamycin WG	22.81±8.10 bcBC	5.52±0.94 cC	45.25±9.37 dD
46%氢氧化铜WG 46% copper hydroxide WG	16.87±1.24 cdCD	1.97±0.12 efEF	80.44±1.20 abAB
33.5%喹啉铜SC 33.5% oxine-copper SC	9.82±1.76 deDE	1.36±0.28 efEF	86.55±2.79 abAB
3%噻霉酮ME 3% benziothiazolinone ME	16.75±1.20 cdCD	2.00±0.28 efEF	80.13±2.73 abAB
4%春雷霉素·中生菌素WP 4% kasugamycin·zhongshengmycin WP	16.40±2.12 cdCD	2.66±0.19 deDE	73.59±1.92 bcBC
0.3%四霉素AS+50%氯溴异睛尿酸SP+20%春雷霉素WG 0.3% tetramycin AS+50% chloroisobromine cyanuric acid SP+ 20% kasugamycin WG	12.90±3.17 cdeCDE	4.48±1.08 cdCD	55.61±10.71 cdCD
CK	36.96±1.29 aA	10.08±0.76 aA

山区猕猴桃溃疡病病原菌的鉴定及不同类型高效防治药剂的筛选

Identification of pathogenic bacteria of kiwifruit canker in mountainous area and screening of different types of efficient control fungicides

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杀菌剂名称和剂型 Name and formulation of fungicide	稀释倍数 Dilution	叶片发病率 Leaf incidence/%	病情指数 Disease index	防治效果 Control effect/%
10%中生菌素·氨基寡糖素WP 10% zhongshengmycin·oligosaccharins WP	800	8.27±3.27 ef	0.92±0.36 d	90.22±3.87 a
10%中生菌素·氨基寡糖素WP 10% zhongshengmycin·oligosaccharins WP	500	4.29±3.36 f	0.93±0.75 d	90.10±7.94 a
10%中生菌素·氨基寡糖素WP 10% zhongshengmycin·oligosaccharins WP	1 000	10.54±1.77 cdef	1.17±0.20 d	87.53±2.10 a
10%中生菌素·氨基寡糖素WP 10% zhongshengmycin·oligosaccharins WP	1 600	10.67±1.66 cdef	2.27±0.39 cd	75.86±4.21 ab
枯草芽孢杆菌WP Bacillus subtilis WP	3 000	3.53±1.23 f	0.78±0.27 d	91.65±2.91 a
枯草芽孢杆菌WP Bacillus subtilis WP	1 500	9.22±4.34 def	1.35±0.54 d	85.64±5.70 a
枯草芽孢杆菌WP Bacillus subtilis WP	800	9.56±0.26 def	2.73±0.25 cd	70.97±2.62 ab
枯草芽孢杆菌WP Bacillus subtilis WP	5 000	19.70±0.11 bc	4.32±1.07 bc	54.03±11.36 bc
33.5%喹啉铜SC 33.5% oxine-copper SC	800	8.39±0.73 ef	1.40±0.29 d	85.12±3.05 a
33.5%喹啉铜SC 33.5% oxine-copper SC	1 000	11.49±3.43 cdef	1.62±0.54 d	82.79±5.75 a
33.5%喹啉铜SC 33.5% oxine-copper SC	500	11.39±1.14 cdef	3.06±1.35 cd	67.39±14.41 ab
33.5%喹啉铜SC 33.5% oxine-copper SC	300	28.09±7.83 ab	5.73±1.90 b	38.94±20.27 c
0.4%大丽轮枝孢激活蛋白AS 0.4% Verticillium dahliae Asp-f2 Like AS	200	11.37±0.26 cdef	1.39±0.09 d	85.23±1.01 a
0.4%大丽轮枝孢激活蛋白AS 0.4% Verticillium dahliae Asp-f2 Like AS	300	15.39±0.19 cde	1.71±0.02 d	81.79±0.23 a
0.4%大丽轮枝孢激活蛋白AS 0.4% Verticillium dahliae Asp-f2 Like AS	500	18.59±1.92 cd	2.53±0.25 cd	73.07±2.65 ab
CK		32.54±4.17 a	9.39±0.67 a

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