啤酒大麦主要麦芽品质性状研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250467

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 1024-1034.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250467

啤酒大麦主要麦芽品质性状研究进展

葛方赢¹^,²^,³(), 岳文浩²^,³, 蔡康锋²^,³, 宋秀娟¹^,²^,³, 汪军妹²^,³, 刘磊²^,³^,^*()

¹ 浙江农林大学现代农学院, 浙江杭州 311300
² 浙江省农业科学院作物与核技术利用研究所, 浙江杭州 310021
³ 国家大麦改良中心, 浙江杭州 310021

收稿日期:2025-06-29 出版日期:2026-05-25 发布日期:2026-06-02
作者简介:葛方赢,主要从事啤酒大麦麦芽品质分析研究。E-mail:Gefy@stu.zafu.edu.cn
通讯作者: *刘磊,E-mail:liulei453@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32301793);国家大麦青稞产业技术体系(CARS-05-01A-06);浙江省旱粮新品种选育重大科技专项(2021C02064)

Advances on studies in major malt quality traits of malting barley

GE Fangying¹^,²^,³(), YUE Wenhao²^,³, CAI Kangfeng²^,³, SONG Xiujuan¹^,²^,³, WANG Junmei²^,³, LIU Lei²^,³^,^*()

¹ College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
² Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
³ National Barley Improvement Center, Hangzhou 310021, China

Received:2025-06-29 Published:2026-05-25 Online:2026-06-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大麦麦芽是啤酒酿造的核心原料,其品质直接决定啤酒质量。本文系统综述了麦芽品质性状的组成,涵盖麦芽浸出率、糖化力、库尔巴哈值、α-氨基酸态氮含量和麦汁黏度等关键理化指标,揭示了各性状间复杂的相互作用关系,分析了影响麦芽品质的关键因素,并在此基础上探讨了提升麦芽品质的有效措施。在遗传改良方面,阐述了与麦芽品质相关的数量性状基因座(QTL)/基因的定位和克隆研究进展,并提出未来研究应整合多组学技术和智能育种策略,通过解析品质形成的分子网络,定向培育耐逆、品质稳定的大麦新品种,从而提升国产大麦的产量与品质,缓解我国啤酒大麦严重依赖进口的现状。

关键词: 啤酒大麦, 麦芽品质, 遗传特性, 环境因素, 加工工艺, 数量性状基因座(QTL)

Abstract:

Barley malt, as the core raw material in beer brewing, directly determines beer quality. In this review, the composition of malt quality traits was systematically summarized, including malting extract yield, diastatic power, Kolbach index, α-amino nitrogen content, and wort viscosity, complex interactions among these traits were revealed, and critical impact factors affecting malt quality were analyzed. Moreover, effective strategies for malt quality improvement were further discussed. In genetic improvement, recent advances in the mapping and cloning of quantitative trait loci (QTL)/genes associated with malt quality traits were reviewed. Integration of multi-omics technologies and intelligent breeding strategies was proposed. Through decoding molecular networks underlying quality formation, stress-tolerant and quality-stable barley varieties could be directionally cultivated, thereby improving the yield and quality of barley in China and reducing dependence on imported malting barley.

Key words: malting barley, malt quality, genetic characteristics, environmental factors, processing techniques, quantitative trait locus (QTL)

中图分类号:

S512.31

葛方赢, 岳文浩, 蔡康锋, 宋秀娟, 汪军妹, 刘磊. 啤酒大麦主要麦芽品质性状研究进展[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(5): 1024-1034.

GE Fangying, YUE Wenhao, CAI Kangfeng, SONG Xiujuan, WANG Junmei, LIU Lei. Advances on studies in major malt quality traits of malting barley[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(5): 1024-1034.

图/表 1

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品质性状 Quality traits	群体类型 Population type	群体大小 Population size	QTL数量 QTL quantity	染色体编号 Chromosome	参考文献 Reference
麦芽浸出率	(Steptoe×Morex) DH	150	1	4H	[57,64]
Malting extract yield	(TX9425×Naso Nijo) DH	188	3	1H 2H 4H	[65-66]
		185	2	2H 3H	[67]
	(Stellar×01Ab8219) RIL	142	2	1H 7H	[68]
	(Vlamingh×Buloke) DH	289	2	4H	[69]
	(Mikamo Golden×Harrington) DH	95	6	2H 5H	[70-71]
	(Triumph×Morex) DH	106	6	1H 2H 3H 5H 7H	[41]
	(Nure×Tremois) DH	129	2	1H	[72]
	(Chebec×Harrington) DH	120	2	1H 5H	[73]
	(Harrington×TR306) DH	150	2	5H 7H	[74]
	(Diktoo×Morex) DH	100	3	2H 5H	[42]
	(Harrington×Morex) DH	140	2	1H 2H	[42]
	(Admiral×Navigator) DH	320	9	1H 3H 4H 5H 6H 7H	[20]
	(Baudin×AC Metcalfe) DH	178	1	5H	[43]
糖化力	(Admiral×Navigator) DH	320	6	1H 4H 6H 7H	[20]
Diastatic power	(Baudin×AC Metcalfe) DH	178	4	1H 5H	[38]
	(Diktoo×Morex) DH	100	3	4H 5H 7H	[42]
	(Harrington×Morex) DH	140	2	2H 7H	[42]
	(CM72×Gairdner) DH	93	2	3H 5H	[75]
	(TX9425×Naso Nijo) DH	188	4	1H 2H 5H 7H	[65]
	(Yerong×Franklin) DH	177	2	4H 7H	[76]
	(Steptoe×Morex) DH	112	10	1H 2H 4H 5H	[77]
	(Triumph×Morex) DH	106	7	2H 4H 6H 7H	[41]
库尔巴哈值	(TX9425×Naso Nijo) DH	188	2	5H 7H	[65]
Kolbach index	(Sofiara×Vioctoriana) DH	100	5	1H 3H 5H 7H	[78]
	(Admiral×Navigator) DH	320	7	1H 3H 4H 7H	[20]
	(Triumph×Morex) DH	106	2	2H	[41]
	(Mikamo Golden×Harrington) DH	95	3	5H	[68]
	(Stellar×01Ab8219) RIL	142	1	6H	[68]
α-氨基酸态氮含量	(TX9425×Naso Nijo) DH	188	2	4H 7H	[65]
α-Amino nitrogen content	(Admiral×Navigator) DH	320	8	1H 4H 7H	[20]
	(Stellar×01Ab8219) RIL	142	1	7H	[68]
	(Baudin×AC Metcalfe) DH	178	3	5H 7H	[43]
	(Arapiles×Franklin) DH	225	2	1H	[79]
	(Alexis×Sloop) DH	100	2	3H 5H	[79]
麦汁黏度	(Sofiara×Vioctoriana) DH	100	3	3H 4H 5H	[78]
Wort viscosity	(TX9425×Naso Nijo) DH	188	4	1H 3H 5H 7H	[65]
	(Admiral×Navigator) DH	320	11	1H 4H 5H 6H 7H	[20]
	(CM72×Gairdner) DH	93	1	4H	[75]
	(Nure×Tremois) DH	129	2	1H 5H	[72]
	欧洲大麦栽培种	174	1	7H	[41]
	European barley cultivars

品质性状 Quality traits	群体类型 Population type	群体大小 Population size	QTL数量 QTL quantity	染色体编号 Chromosome	参考文献 Reference
麦芽浸出率	(Steptoe×Morex) DH	150	1	4H	[57,64]
Malting extract yield	(TX9425×Naso Nijo) DH	188	3	1H 2H 4H	[65-66]
		185	2	2H 3H	[67]
	(Stellar×01Ab8219) RIL	142	2	1H 7H	[68]
	(Vlamingh×Buloke) DH	289	2	4H	[69]
	(Mikamo Golden×Harrington) DH	95	6	2H 5H	[70-71]
	(Triumph×Morex) DH	106	6	1H 2H 3H 5H 7H	[41]
	(Nure×Tremois) DH	129	2	1H	[72]
	(Chebec×Harrington) DH	120	2	1H 5H	[73]
	(Harrington×TR306) DH	150	2	5H 7H	[74]
	(Diktoo×Morex) DH	100	3	2H 5H	[42]
	(Harrington×Morex) DH	140	2	1H 2H	[42]
	(Admiral×Navigator) DH	320	9	1H 3H 4H 5H 6H 7H	[20]
	(Baudin×AC Metcalfe) DH	178	1	5H	[43]
糖化力	(Admiral×Navigator) DH	320	6	1H 4H 6H 7H	[20]
Diastatic power	(Baudin×AC Metcalfe) DH	178	4	1H 5H	[38]
	(Diktoo×Morex) DH	100	3	4H 5H 7H	[42]
	(Harrington×Morex) DH	140	2	2H 7H	[42]
	(CM72×Gairdner) DH	93	2	3H 5H	[75]
	(TX9425×Naso Nijo) DH	188	4	1H 2H 5H 7H	[65]
	(Yerong×Franklin) DH	177	2	4H 7H	[76]
	(Steptoe×Morex) DH	112	10	1H 2H 4H 5H	[77]
	(Triumph×Morex) DH	106	7	2H 4H 6H 7H	[41]
库尔巴哈值	(TX9425×Naso Nijo) DH	188	2	5H 7H	[65]
Kolbach index	(Sofiara×Vioctoriana) DH	100	5	1H 3H 5H 7H	[78]
	(Admiral×Navigator) DH	320	7	1H 3H 4H 7H	[20]
	(Triumph×Morex) DH	106	2	2H	[41]
	(Mikamo Golden×Harrington) DH	95	3	5H	[68]
	(Stellar×01Ab8219) RIL	142	1	6H	[68]
α-氨基酸态氮含量	(TX9425×Naso Nijo) DH	188	2	4H 7H	[65]
α-Amino nitrogen content	(Admiral×Navigator) DH	320	8	1H 4H 7H	[20]
	(Stellar×01Ab8219) RIL	142	1	7H	[68]
	(Baudin×AC Metcalfe) DH	178	3	5H 7H	[43]
	(Arapiles×Franklin) DH	225	2	1H	[79]
	(Alexis×Sloop) DH	100	2	3H 5H	[79]
麦汁黏度	(Sofiara×Vioctoriana) DH	100	3	3H 4H 5H	[78]
Wort viscosity	(TX9425×Naso Nijo) DH	188	4	1H 3H 5H 7H	[65]
	(Admiral×Navigator) DH	320	11	1H 4H 5H 6H 7H	[20]
	(CM72×Gairdner) DH	93	1	4H	[75]
	(Nure×Tremois) DH	129	2	1H 5H	[72]
	欧洲大麦栽培种	174	1	7H	[41]
	European barley cultivars

啤酒大麦主要麦芽品质性状研究进展

Advances on studies in major malt quality traits of malting barley

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