Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 534-547.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.03.14
• Horticultural Science • Previous Articles Next Articles
YANG Lei1(
), HONG Lin1,*(
), LIU Zhaojun2, YANG Haijian1, WANG Wu1
Received:2021-07-21
Online:2022-03-25
Published:2022-03-30
Contact:
HONG Lin
CLC Number:
YANG Lei, HONG Lin, LIU Zhaojun, YANG Haijian, WANG Wu. Comprehensive evaluation of fruit quality and nutrition of six kumquat varieties[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(3): 534-547.
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URL: http://www.zjnyxb.cn/EN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.03.14
| 品种 Variety | SFW/g | VD/cm | TD/cm | FSI | SN | ER/% | TSS/% | TA/ (g·L-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 温光橘 Fortunella obovata | 24.56 ±2.47 A | 3.53 ±0.25 a | 3.56 ±0.32 a | 0.99 ±0.07 a | 4.90 ±0.61 A | 98.70 ±0.89 a | 14.10 ±0.20 A | 9.200 ±0.009 B |
| 滑皮金柑 Fortunella classifolia (Huapi) | 19.11 ±2.33 B | 3.30 ±0.17 a | 3.27 ±0.19 a | 1.01 ±0.12 a | 2.10 ±0.41 C | 96.30 ±0.77 b | 13.03 ±0.11 B | 7.600 ±0.008 BC |
| 宁波罗浮 Fortunella margarita | 12.07 ±0.87 C | 2.91 ±0.33 b | 2.78 ±0.22 a | 1.05 ±0.08 a | 3.50 ±0.28 B | 95.90 ±1.52 b | 13.00 ±0.15 B | 7.800 ±0.009 BC |
| 宁波罗纹 Fortunella japonica | 18.18 ±1.02 B | 3.24 ±0.19 a | 3.25 ±0.28 a | 1.00 ±0.05 a | 3.70 ±0.44 B | 96.90 ±1.02 ab | 13.06 ±0.20 B | 11.600 ±0.013 A |
| 融安金柑 Fortunella classifolia (Rong’an) | 16.23 ±1.31 B | 3.11 ±0.21 ab | 3.10 ±0.30 a | 1.00 ±0.03 a | 5.30 ±0.52 A | 95.60 ±1.09 b | 12.03 ±0.09 C | 8.200 ±0.007 BC |
| 温州金弹 Fortunella crassifolia (Wenzhou) | 19.61 ±2.54 B | 3.32 ±0.31 a | 3.25 ±0.27 a | 1.02 ±0.09 a | 4.90 ±0.33 A | 96.20 ±0.88 b | 12.11 ±0.14 C | 7.000 ±0.006 C |
| 品种 Variety | VC | 葡萄糖 Glucose/ (g·L-1) | 果糖 Fructose/ (g·L-1) | 蔗糖 Sucrose/ (g·L-1) | TS/ (g·L-1) | SAR | SR | |
| 温光橘 Fortunella obovata | 0.505 8 ±0.081 0 A | 12.7 ±1.5 DE | 36.0 ±6.8 A | 131.0 ±15.3 A | 179.6 ±18.7 A | 15.22 ±1.69 AB | 19.52 ±3.11 A | |
| 滑皮金柑 Fortunella classifolia (Huapi) | 0.236 5 ±0.032 6 B | 21.6 ±2.7 BC | 30.1 ±4.1 A | 59.0 ±6.6 CD | 110.6 ±11.1 B | 17.08 ±3.12 A | 14.53 ±1.68 C | |
| 宁波罗浮 Fortunella margarita | 0.295 6 ±0.043 2 B | 23.2 ±3.8 AB | 30.2 ±4.4 A | 73.7 ±8.2 BC | 127.2 ±14.1 B | 16.76 ±2.15 AB | 16.39 ±1.93 B | |
| 宁波罗纹 Fortunella japonica | 0.279 2 ±0.036 8 B | 17.3 ±1.9 CD | 32.0 ±5.9 A | 84.8 ±9.6 B | 134.1 ±16.4 B | 11.21 ±1.10 C | 11.56 ±1.36 D | |
| 融安金柑 Fortunella classifolia (Rong’an) | 0.272 6 ±0.039 7 B | 10.3 ±1.1 E | 16.5 ±3.1 B | 55.6 ±3.9 D | 107.3 ±12.0 BC | 14.63 ±1.97 AB | 13.09 ±2.32 C | |
| 温州金弹 Fortunella crassifolia (Wenzhou) | 0.262 8 ±0.035 4 B | 27.1 ±3.5 A | 35.5 ±5.9 A | 62.7 ±7.1 CD | 125.3 ±14.4 B | 17.08 ±2.98 A | 17.83 ±3.52 B |
Table 1 Comparative analysis of fruit quality of different kumquat varieties
| 品种 Variety | SFW/g | VD/cm | TD/cm | FSI | SN | ER/% | TSS/% | TA/ (g·L-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 温光橘 Fortunella obovata | 24.56 ±2.47 A | 3.53 ±0.25 a | 3.56 ±0.32 a | 0.99 ±0.07 a | 4.90 ±0.61 A | 98.70 ±0.89 a | 14.10 ±0.20 A | 9.200 ±0.009 B |
| 滑皮金柑 Fortunella classifolia (Huapi) | 19.11 ±2.33 B | 3.30 ±0.17 a | 3.27 ±0.19 a | 1.01 ±0.12 a | 2.10 ±0.41 C | 96.30 ±0.77 b | 13.03 ±0.11 B | 7.600 ±0.008 BC |
| 宁波罗浮 Fortunella margarita | 12.07 ±0.87 C | 2.91 ±0.33 b | 2.78 ±0.22 a | 1.05 ±0.08 a | 3.50 ±0.28 B | 95.90 ±1.52 b | 13.00 ±0.15 B | 7.800 ±0.009 BC |
| 宁波罗纹 Fortunella japonica | 18.18 ±1.02 B | 3.24 ±0.19 a | 3.25 ±0.28 a | 1.00 ±0.05 a | 3.70 ±0.44 B | 96.90 ±1.02 ab | 13.06 ±0.20 B | 11.600 ±0.013 A |
| 融安金柑 Fortunella classifolia (Rong’an) | 16.23 ±1.31 B | 3.11 ±0.21 ab | 3.10 ±0.30 a | 1.00 ±0.03 a | 5.30 ±0.52 A | 95.60 ±1.09 b | 12.03 ±0.09 C | 8.200 ±0.007 BC |
| 温州金弹 Fortunella crassifolia (Wenzhou) | 19.61 ±2.54 B | 3.32 ±0.31 a | 3.25 ±0.27 a | 1.02 ±0.09 a | 4.90 ±0.33 A | 96.20 ±0.88 b | 12.11 ±0.14 C | 7.000 ±0.006 C |
| 品种 Variety | VC | 葡萄糖 Glucose/ (g·L-1) | 果糖 Fructose/ (g·L-1) | 蔗糖 Sucrose/ (g·L-1) | TS/ (g·L-1) | SAR | SR | |
| 温光橘 Fortunella obovata | 0.505 8 ±0.081 0 A | 12.7 ±1.5 DE | 36.0 ±6.8 A | 131.0 ±15.3 A | 179.6 ±18.7 A | 15.22 ±1.69 AB | 19.52 ±3.11 A | |
| 滑皮金柑 Fortunella classifolia (Huapi) | 0.236 5 ±0.032 6 B | 21.6 ±2.7 BC | 30.1 ±4.1 A | 59.0 ±6.6 CD | 110.6 ±11.1 B | 17.08 ±3.12 A | 14.53 ±1.68 C | |
| 宁波罗浮 Fortunella margarita | 0.295 6 ±0.043 2 B | 23.2 ±3.8 AB | 30.2 ±4.4 A | 73.7 ±8.2 BC | 127.2 ±14.1 B | 16.76 ±2.15 AB | 16.39 ±1.93 B | |
| 宁波罗纹 Fortunella japonica | 0.279 2 ±0.036 8 B | 17.3 ±1.9 CD | 32.0 ±5.9 A | 84.8 ±9.6 B | 134.1 ±16.4 B | 11.21 ±1.10 C | 11.56 ±1.36 D | |
| 融安金柑 Fortunella classifolia (Rong’an) | 0.272 6 ±0.039 7 B | 10.3 ±1.1 E | 16.5 ±3.1 B | 55.6 ±3.9 D | 107.3 ±12.0 BC | 14.63 ±1.97 AB | 13.09 ±2.32 C | |
| 温州金弹 Fortunella crassifolia (Wenzhou) | 0.262 8 ±0.035 4 B | 27.1 ±3.5 A | 35.5 ±5.9 A | 62.7 ±7.1 CD | 125.3 ±14.4 B | 17.08 ±2.98 A | 17.83 ±3.52 B |
| 品种 Variety | 芸香柚皮苷 Narirutin | 野漆树苷 Rhoifolin | 新橙皮苷 Neohesperidin | 香蜂草苷 Didymin | 枸橘苷 Poncirin | TF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 温光橘Fortunella obovata | 1.55±0.28 e | 5.09±0.63 C | 0.09±0.03 D | 9.67±0.82 D | 1.33±0.30 a | 17.74±2.0 C |
| 滑皮金柑 | 3.45±0.88 a | 9.00±0.87 A | 1.44±0.19 A | 38.31±3.69 A | 1.13±0.21 a | 53.32±5.84 A |
| Fortunella classifolia(Huapi) | ||||||
| 宁波罗浮Fortunella margarita | 2.49±0.36 abc | 6.94±0.79 B | 1.11±0.13 B | 27.67±2.06 B | 1.33±0.29 a | 39.55±3.63 B |
| 宁波罗纹Fortunella japonica | 3.07±0.64 ab | 2.59±0.28 D | 0.93±0.10 BC | 15.50±2.09 C | 0.94±0.09 a | 23.03±3.20 C |
| 融安金柑 | 2.37±0.39 bc | 2.35±0.25 D | 1.15±0.17 B | 11.36±1.03 D | 1.24±0.17 a | 18.47±2.01 C |
| Fortunella classifolia(Rong’an) | ||||||
| 温州金弹 | 2.47±0.41 abc | 5.60±0.60 C | 0.77±0.08 C | 25.57±2.81 B | 1.47±0.22 a | 35.87±4.12 B |
| Fortunella crassifolia (Wenzhou) |
Table 2 Flavonoid content in fruit of different kumquat varieties mg·kg-1
| 品种 Variety | 芸香柚皮苷 Narirutin | 野漆树苷 Rhoifolin | 新橙皮苷 Neohesperidin | 香蜂草苷 Didymin | 枸橘苷 Poncirin | TF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 温光橘Fortunella obovata | 1.55±0.28 e | 5.09±0.63 C | 0.09±0.03 D | 9.67±0.82 D | 1.33±0.30 a | 17.74±2.0 C |
| 滑皮金柑 | 3.45±0.88 a | 9.00±0.87 A | 1.44±0.19 A | 38.31±3.69 A | 1.13±0.21 a | 53.32±5.84 A |
| Fortunella classifolia(Huapi) | ||||||
| 宁波罗浮Fortunella margarita | 2.49±0.36 abc | 6.94±0.79 B | 1.11±0.13 B | 27.67±2.06 B | 1.33±0.29 a | 39.55±3.63 B |
| 宁波罗纹Fortunella japonica | 3.07±0.64 ab | 2.59±0.28 D | 0.93±0.10 BC | 15.50±2.09 C | 0.94±0.09 a | 23.03±3.20 C |
| 融安金柑 | 2.37±0.39 bc | 2.35±0.25 D | 1.15±0.17 B | 11.36±1.03 D | 1.24±0.17 a | 18.47±2.01 C |
| Fortunella classifolia(Rong’an) | ||||||
| 温州金弹 | 2.47±0.41 abc | 5.60±0.60 C | 0.77±0.08 C | 25.57±2.81 B | 1.47±0.22 a | 35.87±4.12 B |
| Fortunella crassifolia (Wenzhou) |
| 品种 Variety | 苯甲酸型 Benzoic acid | 肉桂酸型 Cinnamic acid | TPA | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 香草酸 Vanillic acid | 原儿茶酸 Protocatechuic acid | 对羟基苯甲酸 p-hydroxybenzonic acid | 对香豆酸 p-Coumaric acid | 咖啡酸 Caffeic acid | 芥子酸 Sinapic acid | 阿魏酸 Ferulic acid | ||
| 温光橘 Fortunella obovata | 3.74 ±0.27 A | 12.32 ±0.79A | 11.14 ±0.49 B | 0.43 ±0.05A | 1.86 ±0.24 a | 0.65 ±0.07 C | 0.71 ±0.09 B | 30.86 ±2.47 A |
| 滑皮金柑Fortunella classifolia (Huapi) | 3.88 ±0.47 A | 5.48 ±0.39 B | 11.98 ±0.56 A | 0.39 ±0.04AB | 1.70 ±0.22 a | 3.73 ±0.50 A | 1.03 ±0.06 A | 28.19 ±2.38 A |
| 宁波罗浮 Fortunella margarita | 3.39 ±0.33 A | 4.23 ±0.37 C | 10.94 ±0.67 B | 0.30 ±0.01D | 2.00 ±0.27 a | 1.86 ±0.22 B | 0.75 ±0.07 B | 23.47 ±1.93 B |
| 宁波罗纹 Fortunella japonica | 2.25 ±0.22 B | 2.79 ±0.11D | 8.73 ±0.29 D | 0.39 ±0.02AB | 1.90 ±0.20 a | 0.49 ±0.07 C | 0.72 ±0.06 B | 17.26 ±1.58 C |
| 融安金柑Fortunella classifolia (Rong’an) | 2.58 ±0.30 B | 2.80 ±0.18D | 7.91 ±0.41 E | 0.33 ±0.02CD | 1.74 ±0.15 a | 0.38 ±0.04 C | 0.81 ±0.10 B | 16.54 ±1.19 C |
| 温州金弹Fortunella crassifolia(Wenzhou) | 3.81 ±0.56 A | 3.81 ±0.22 C | 10.08 ±0.59 C | 0.36 ±0.02BC | 1.91 ±0.19 a | 1.99 ±0.28 B | 1.14 ±0.09 A | 23.11 ±1.88 B |
Table 3 Content of phenolic acid in fruit of different kumquat varieties mg·kg-1
| 品种 Variety | 苯甲酸型 Benzoic acid | 肉桂酸型 Cinnamic acid | TPA | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 香草酸 Vanillic acid | 原儿茶酸 Protocatechuic acid | 对羟基苯甲酸 p-hydroxybenzonic acid | 对香豆酸 p-Coumaric acid | 咖啡酸 Caffeic acid | 芥子酸 Sinapic acid | 阿魏酸 Ferulic acid | ||
| 温光橘 Fortunella obovata | 3.74 ±0.27 A | 12.32 ±0.79A | 11.14 ±0.49 B | 0.43 ±0.05A | 1.86 ±0.24 a | 0.65 ±0.07 C | 0.71 ±0.09 B | 30.86 ±2.47 A |
| 滑皮金柑Fortunella classifolia (Huapi) | 3.88 ±0.47 A | 5.48 ±0.39 B | 11.98 ±0.56 A | 0.39 ±0.04AB | 1.70 ±0.22 a | 3.73 ±0.50 A | 1.03 ±0.06 A | 28.19 ±2.38 A |
| 宁波罗浮 Fortunella margarita | 3.39 ±0.33 A | 4.23 ±0.37 C | 10.94 ±0.67 B | 0.30 ±0.01D | 2.00 ±0.27 a | 1.86 ±0.22 B | 0.75 ±0.07 B | 23.47 ±1.93 B |
| 宁波罗纹 Fortunella japonica | 2.25 ±0.22 B | 2.79 ±0.11D | 8.73 ±0.29 D | 0.39 ±0.02AB | 1.90 ±0.20 a | 0.49 ±0.07 C | 0.72 ±0.06 B | 17.26 ±1.58 C |
| 融安金柑Fortunella classifolia (Rong’an) | 2.58 ±0.30 B | 2.80 ±0.18D | 7.91 ±0.41 E | 0.33 ±0.02CD | 1.74 ±0.15 a | 0.38 ±0.04 C | 0.81 ±0.10 B | 16.54 ±1.19 C |
| 温州金弹Fortunella crassifolia(Wenzhou) | 3.81 ±0.56 A | 3.81 ±0.22 C | 10.08 ±0.59 C | 0.36 ±0.02BC | 1.91 ±0.19 a | 1.99 ±0.28 B | 1.14 ±0.09 A | 23.11 ±1.88 B |
| 品种Variety | Asp | Glu | Ser | Gly | His | Arg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 温光橘Fortunella obovata | 67.4±5.2 A | 107.9±1.0 A | 188.1±20.0 D | 25.0±6.1A | 16.2±1.6C | 731.7±40.1 D |
| 滑皮金柑 | 51.1±4.4 B | 65.7±9.2 B | 240.4±.6.0 BC | 19.0±3.0 ABC | 18.0±3.0 BC | 1 415.1±45.6 A |
| Fortunella classifolia(Huapi) | ||||||
| 宁波罗浮Fortunella margarita | 37.5±3.2 C | 55.7±8.6 B | 187.2±17.5 D | 12.4±1.3 C | 15.4±1.1 C | 1 077.1±47.1 B |
| 宁波罗纹Fortunella japonica | 52.5±6.2 B | 110.8±9.1 A | 260.7±31.2 B | 16.0±3.5 BC | 23.5±3.3 AB | 694.1±36.7 D |
| 融安金柑 | 53.4±5.2 B | 112.7±16.8 A | 323.0±28.6 A | 20.2±4.3 AB | 26.4±5.3 A | 838.3±39.9 C |
| Fortunella classifolia(Rong’an) | ||||||
| 温州金弹 | 38.0±4.2 C | 56.2±7.7 B | 215.5±18.8 CD | 14.8±2.1 BC | 21.3±3.7 ABC | 1 383.8±39.1 A |
| Fortunella crassifolia (Wenzhou) | ||||||
| 品种Variety | Thr | Ala | Pro | Tyr | Val | Met |
| 温光橘Fortunella obovata | 25.1±1.6 E | 169.8±27.6A | 3260.3±218.6B | 8.4±0.8 B | 9.9±0.9 B | 3.9±0.4 C |
| 滑皮金柑 | 47.0±6.1 BC | 81.0±9.6 C | 2281.6±198.9D | 13.3±1.1 A | 11.5±0.9 A | 7.9±0.7 A |
| Fortunella classifolia(Huapi) | ||||||
| 宁波罗浮Fortunella margarita | 35.4±4.0 D | 131.6±22.2B | 1791.2±104.4E | 9.3±1.1 B | 8.5±0.6 C | 5.4±0.5 B |
| 宁波罗纹Fortunella japonica | 50.5±6.9 AB | 119.2±12.8B | 3768.0±102.5A | 4.9±0.5 C | 7.2±0.7 C | 1.4±0.2 E |
| 安金柑 | 57.7±7.3 A | 126.5±19.1B | 3391.3±178.5B | 5.6±0.7 C | 8.4±0.6 C | 1.5±0.3 E |
| Fortunella classifolia (Rong’an) | ||||||
| 温州金弹 | 37.7±5.7 CD | 134.5±19.6B | 2944.9±107.9C | 8.4±0.9 B | 8.4±0.5 C | 3.1±0.3 D |
| Fortunella crassifolia(Wenzhou) | ||||||
| 品种Variety | Cys | Ile | Leu | Phe | Lys | TAA |
| 温光橘Fortunella obovata | 2.9±0.3 C | 6.3±0.6 CD | 10.8±1.8 BCD | 21.0±2.9 a | 6.0±0.7 C | 4 660.3±378.8 AB |
| 滑皮金柑 | 4.9±0.4 B | 8.6±0.9 A | 22.3±3.3 A | 21.4±3.7 a | 24.5±2.8 A | 4 333.3±362.8 B |
| Fortunella classifolia (Huapi) | ||||||
| 宁波罗浮Fortunella margarita | 3.3±0.5 C | 7.4±0.6 BC | 13.1±2.2 BC | 18.8±1.0 a | 16.6±1.3 B | 3 425.8±299.8 C |
| 宁波罗纹Fortunella japonica | 7.1±0.9 A | 5.9±0.4 D | 7.8±0.6 D | 18.9±1.0 a | 3.3±0.4 C | 5 151.5±476.2 A |
| 融安金柑 | 4.9±0.6 B | 7.5±0.7 AB | 8.9±0.9 CD | 19.5±1.9 a | 5.7±0.6 C | 5 011.3±395.5 A |
| Fortunella classifolia(Rong’an) | ||||||
| 温州金弹 | 4.8±0.4 B | 7.7±0.6 AB | 14.2±3.9 B | 20.2±2.2 a | 17.0±2.1 B | 4 930.4±400.1 A |
| Fortunella crassifolia(Wenzhou) |
Table 4 Amino acid components and contents in different kumquat fruits mg·kg-1
| 品种Variety | Asp | Glu | Ser | Gly | His | Arg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 温光橘Fortunella obovata | 67.4±5.2 A | 107.9±1.0 A | 188.1±20.0 D | 25.0±6.1A | 16.2±1.6C | 731.7±40.1 D |
| 滑皮金柑 | 51.1±4.4 B | 65.7±9.2 B | 240.4±.6.0 BC | 19.0±3.0 ABC | 18.0±3.0 BC | 1 415.1±45.6 A |
| Fortunella classifolia(Huapi) | ||||||
| 宁波罗浮Fortunella margarita | 37.5±3.2 C | 55.7±8.6 B | 187.2±17.5 D | 12.4±1.3 C | 15.4±1.1 C | 1 077.1±47.1 B |
| 宁波罗纹Fortunella japonica | 52.5±6.2 B | 110.8±9.1 A | 260.7±31.2 B | 16.0±3.5 BC | 23.5±3.3 AB | 694.1±36.7 D |
| 融安金柑 | 53.4±5.2 B | 112.7±16.8 A | 323.0±28.6 A | 20.2±4.3 AB | 26.4±5.3 A | 838.3±39.9 C |
| Fortunella classifolia(Rong’an) | ||||||
| 温州金弹 | 38.0±4.2 C | 56.2±7.7 B | 215.5±18.8 CD | 14.8±2.1 BC | 21.3±3.7 ABC | 1 383.8±39.1 A |
| Fortunella crassifolia (Wenzhou) | ||||||
| 品种Variety | Thr | Ala | Pro | Tyr | Val | Met |
| 温光橘Fortunella obovata | 25.1±1.6 E | 169.8±27.6A | 3260.3±218.6B | 8.4±0.8 B | 9.9±0.9 B | 3.9±0.4 C |
| 滑皮金柑 | 47.0±6.1 BC | 81.0±9.6 C | 2281.6±198.9D | 13.3±1.1 A | 11.5±0.9 A | 7.9±0.7 A |
| Fortunella classifolia(Huapi) | ||||||
| 宁波罗浮Fortunella margarita | 35.4±4.0 D | 131.6±22.2B | 1791.2±104.4E | 9.3±1.1 B | 8.5±0.6 C | 5.4±0.5 B |
| 宁波罗纹Fortunella japonica | 50.5±6.9 AB | 119.2±12.8B | 3768.0±102.5A | 4.9±0.5 C | 7.2±0.7 C | 1.4±0.2 E |
| 安金柑 | 57.7±7.3 A | 126.5±19.1B | 3391.3±178.5B | 5.6±0.7 C | 8.4±0.6 C | 1.5±0.3 E |
| Fortunella classifolia (Rong’an) | ||||||
| 温州金弹 | 37.7±5.7 CD | 134.5±19.6B | 2944.9±107.9C | 8.4±0.9 B | 8.4±0.5 C | 3.1±0.3 D |
| Fortunella crassifolia(Wenzhou) | ||||||
| 品种Variety | Cys | Ile | Leu | Phe | Lys | TAA |
| 温光橘Fortunella obovata | 2.9±0.3 C | 6.3±0.6 CD | 10.8±1.8 BCD | 21.0±2.9 a | 6.0±0.7 C | 4 660.3±378.8 AB |
| 滑皮金柑 | 4.9±0.4 B | 8.6±0.9 A | 22.3±3.3 A | 21.4±3.7 a | 24.5±2.8 A | 4 333.3±362.8 B |
| Fortunella classifolia (Huapi) | ||||||
| 宁波罗浮Fortunella margarita | 3.3±0.5 C | 7.4±0.6 BC | 13.1±2.2 BC | 18.8±1.0 a | 16.6±1.3 B | 3 425.8±299.8 C |
| 宁波罗纹Fortunella japonica | 7.1±0.9 A | 5.9±0.4 D | 7.8±0.6 D | 18.9±1.0 a | 3.3±0.4 C | 5 151.5±476.2 A |
| 融安金柑 | 4.9±0.6 B | 7.5±0.7 AB | 8.9±0.9 CD | 19.5±1.9 a | 5.7±0.6 C | 5 011.3±395.5 A |
| Fortunella classifolia(Rong’an) | ||||||
| 温州金弹 | 4.8±0.4 B | 7.7±0.6 AB | 14.2±3.9 B | 20.2±2.2 a | 17.0±2.1 B | 4 930.4±400.1 A |
| Fortunella crassifolia(Wenzhou) |
| 品种 Variety | EAA/ (g·kg-1) | NAA/ ( g·kg-1) | CE/ ( g·kg-1) | EAA/TAA /% | EAA/NAA /% | CE/TAA /% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 温光橘Fortunella obovata | 0.082 9 | 4.577 4 | 0.747 8 | 1.78 | 1.81 | 16.05 |
| 滑皮金柑Fortunella classifolia(Huapi) | 0.143 2 | 4.190 1 | 1.433 1 | 3.31 | 3.42 | 33.07 |
| 宁波罗浮Fortunella margarita | 0.105 1 | 3.320 7 | 1.092 5 | 3.07 | 3.17 | 31.89 |
| 宁波罗纹Fortunella japonica | 0.094 8 | 5.056 7 | 0.717 6 | 1.84 | 1.87 | 13.93 |
| 融安金柑Fortunella classifolia(Rong’an) | 0.109 2 | 4.902 2 | 0.864 7 | 2.18 | 2.23 | 17.25 |
| 温州金弹Fortunella crassifolia(Wenzhou) | 0.108 2 | 4.822 1 | 1.405 1 | 2.20 | 2.24 | 28.50 |
Table 5 Content and composition of amino acids in fruits of different kumquat varieties
| 品种 Variety | EAA/ (g·kg-1) | NAA/ ( g·kg-1) | CE/ ( g·kg-1) | EAA/TAA /% | EAA/NAA /% | CE/TAA /% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 温光橘Fortunella obovata | 0.082 9 | 4.577 4 | 0.747 8 | 1.78 | 1.81 | 16.05 |
| 滑皮金柑Fortunella classifolia(Huapi) | 0.143 2 | 4.190 1 | 1.433 1 | 3.31 | 3.42 | 33.07 |
| 宁波罗浮Fortunella margarita | 0.105 1 | 3.320 7 | 1.092 5 | 3.07 | 3.17 | 31.89 |
| 宁波罗纹Fortunella japonica | 0.094 8 | 5.056 7 | 0.717 6 | 1.84 | 1.87 | 13.93 |
| 融安金柑Fortunella classifolia(Rong’an) | 0.109 2 | 4.902 2 | 0.864 7 | 2.18 | 2.23 | 17.25 |
| 温州金弹Fortunella crassifolia(Wenzhou) | 0.108 2 | 4.822 1 | 1.405 1 | 2.20 | 2.24 | 28.50 |
| 品种 Variety | 甜味氨基酸 Sweet amino acid | 药效氨基酸 Pharmacodynamic amino acid | 苦味氨基酸 Bitter amino acid | 酸鲜味氨基酸 Sour umami amino acid | 芳香氨基酸 Aromatic amino acid |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 温光橘Fortunella obovata | 3.674 3 | 0.979 7 | 0.799 6 | 0.175 2 | 0.029 3 |
| 滑皮金柑Fortunella classifolia (Huapi) | 2.693 5 | 1.635 6 | 1.504 8 | 0.116 8 | 0.034 7 |
| 宁波罗浮Fortunella margarita | 2.174 4 | 1.243 9 | 1.145 6 | 0.093 2 | 0.028 1 |
| 宁波罗纹Fortunella japonica | 4.217 6 | 0.910 6 | 0.758 7 | 0.163 3 | 0.023 8 |
| 融安金柑Fortunella classifolia (Rong’an) | 3.924 3 | 1.067 6 | 0.910 4 | 0.166 1 | 0.025 1 |
| 温州金弹Fortunella crassifolia (Wenzhou) | 3.364 4 | 1.555 0 | 1.458 6 | 0.094 2 | 0.028 6 |
Table 6 Comparative analysis of amino acid content in fruit taste of different kumquat varieties g·kg-1
| 品种 Variety | 甜味氨基酸 Sweet amino acid | 药效氨基酸 Pharmacodynamic amino acid | 苦味氨基酸 Bitter amino acid | 酸鲜味氨基酸 Sour umami amino acid | 芳香氨基酸 Aromatic amino acid |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 温光橘Fortunella obovata | 3.674 3 | 0.979 7 | 0.799 6 | 0.175 2 | 0.029 3 |
| 滑皮金柑Fortunella classifolia (Huapi) | 2.693 5 | 1.635 6 | 1.504 8 | 0.116 8 | 0.034 7 |
| 宁波罗浮Fortunella margarita | 2.174 4 | 1.243 9 | 1.145 6 | 0.093 2 | 0.028 1 |
| 宁波罗纹Fortunella japonica | 4.217 6 | 0.910 6 | 0.758 7 | 0.163 3 | 0.023 8 |
| 融安金柑Fortunella classifolia (Rong’an) | 3.924 3 | 1.067 6 | 0.910 4 | 0.166 1 | 0.025 1 |
| 温州金弹Fortunella crassifolia (Wenzhou) | 3.364 4 | 1.555 0 | 1.458 6 | 0.094 2 | 0.028 6 |
| 指标 | SFW | SN | ER | TSS | TA | TS | SAR | VC | SR | TAA | SAAR | BAAR | TF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Index | |||||||||||||
| SN | -0.232 | ||||||||||||
| ER | 0.817* | -0.158 | |||||||||||
| TSS | 0.453 | 0.272 | 0.832* | ||||||||||
| TA | -0.185 | -0.001 | -0.439 | -0.412 | |||||||||
| TS | 0.658 | -0.304 | 0.946** | 0.792 | -0.373 | ||||||||
| SAR | -0.085 | 0.164 | -0.237 | -0.136 | -0.951** | -0.178 | |||||||
| VC | 0.629 | -0.408 | 0.891* | 0.753 | -0.246 | 0.945** | -0.090 | ||||||
| SR | 0.445 | -0.288 | 0.504 | 0.363 | 0.482 | 0.625 | 0.624 | 0.643 | |||||
| TAA | 0.533 | -0.475 | 0.183 | -0.290 | -0.417 | 0.035 | -0.572 | 0.001 | -0.308 | ||||
| SAAR | 0.390 | -0.6 | 0.448 | 0.138 | -0.759 | 0.419 | -0.843 | 0.432 | -0.261 | 0.726 | |||
| BAAR | -0.394 | 0.582 | -0.468 | -0.177 | 0.765 | -0.436 | 0.840 | -0.458 | 0.255 | -0.700 | -0.998 | ||
| TF | -0.295 | 0.806 | -0.413 | -0.101 | 0.547 | -0.485 | 0.645 | -0.561 | 0.025 | -0.550 | -0.927 | 0.928 | |
| TPA | 0.550 | 0.282 | 0.605 | 0.672 | 0.330 | 0.550 | 0.576 | 0.556 | 0.767 | -0.396 | -0.405 | 0.379 | 0.352 |
Table 7 Correlation among major quality parameters of different kumquat cultivars
| 指标 | SFW | SN | ER | TSS | TA | TS | SAR | VC | SR | TAA | SAAR | BAAR | TF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Index | |||||||||||||
| SN | -0.232 | ||||||||||||
| ER | 0.817* | -0.158 | |||||||||||
| TSS | 0.453 | 0.272 | 0.832* | ||||||||||
| TA | -0.185 | -0.001 | -0.439 | -0.412 | |||||||||
| TS | 0.658 | -0.304 | 0.946** | 0.792 | -0.373 | ||||||||
| SAR | -0.085 | 0.164 | -0.237 | -0.136 | -0.951** | -0.178 | |||||||
| VC | 0.629 | -0.408 | 0.891* | 0.753 | -0.246 | 0.945** | -0.090 | ||||||
| SR | 0.445 | -0.288 | 0.504 | 0.363 | 0.482 | 0.625 | 0.624 | 0.643 | |||||
| TAA | 0.533 | -0.475 | 0.183 | -0.290 | -0.417 | 0.035 | -0.572 | 0.001 | -0.308 | ||||
| SAAR | 0.390 | -0.6 | 0.448 | 0.138 | -0.759 | 0.419 | -0.843 | 0.432 | -0.261 | 0.726 | |||
| BAAR | -0.394 | 0.582 | -0.468 | -0.177 | 0.765 | -0.436 | 0.840 | -0.458 | 0.255 | -0.700 | -0.998 | ||
| TF | -0.295 | 0.806 | -0.413 | -0.101 | 0.547 | -0.485 | 0.645 | -0.561 | 0.025 | -0.550 | -0.927 | 0.928 | |
| TPA | 0.550 | 0.282 | 0.605 | 0.672 | 0.330 | 0.550 | 0.576 | 0.556 | 0.767 | -0.396 | -0.405 | 0.379 | 0.352 |
| 指标 Index | 特征向量 Eigenvector | 主成分荷载系数 Principal component loading coefficient | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| SFW | 0.647 | 0.444 | -0.128 | 0.605 | 0.102 | 0.096 | -0.069 | 0.602 |
| SN | -0.531 | 0.182 | 0.798 | 0.218 | -0.083 | 0.039 | 0.429 | 0.217 |
| ER | 0.789 | 0.578 | 0.165 | 0.119 | 0.124 | 0.125 | 0.088 | 0.119 |
| TSS | 0.488 | 0.655 | 0.551 | -0.143 | 0.077 | 0.141 | 0.296 | -0.142 |
| TA | -0.709 | 0.375 | -0.578 | 0.047 | -0.112 | 0.081 | -0.311 | 0.047 |
| TS | 0.764 | 0.600 | 0.040 | -0.153 | 0.120 | 0.130 | 0.022 | -0.152 |
| SAR | -0.671 | 0.620 | -0.395 | 0.034 | -0.106 | 0.134 | -0.213 | 0.034 |
| VC | 0.749 | 0.603 | -0.093 | -0.231 | 0.118 | 0.130 | -0.050 | -0.230 |
| SR | 0.105 | 0.863 | -0.453 | -0.097 | 0.017 | 0.186 | -0.243 | -0.097 |
| TAA | 0.565 | -0.506 | -0.264 | 0.594 | 0.089 | -0.109 | -0.142 | 0.591 |
| SAAR | 0.899 | -0.429 | -0.054 | -0.018 | 0.142 | -0.093 | -0.029 | -0.018 |
| BAAR | -0.907 | 0.405 | 0.029 | 0.035 | -0.143 | 0.087 | 0.016 | 0.035 |
| TF | -0.856 | 0.303 | 0.301 | 0.275 | -0.135 | 0.066 | 0.162 | 0.274 |
| TPA | 0.014 | 0.972 | 0.083 | 0.193 | 0.002 | 0.210 | 0.045 | 0.192 |
| 特征值 | 6.355 | 4.627 | 1.860 | 1.004 | 6.355 | 4.627 | 1.860 | 1.004 |
| Characteristic value | ||||||||
| 贡献率 | 45.395 | 33.049 | 13.287 | 7.174 | 45.395 | 33.049 | 13.287 | 7.174 |
| Contribution rate/% | ||||||||
| 累计贡献率 | 45.395 | 78.444 | 91.731 | 98.905 | 45.395 | 78.444 | 91.731 | 98.905 |
| Accumulative contribution rate/% | ||||||||
Table 8 Eigenvalue, component score coefficient, variance contribution rate and cumulative variance contribution rate of principal components
| 指标 Index | 特征向量 Eigenvector | 主成分荷载系数 Principal component loading coefficient | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| SFW | 0.647 | 0.444 | -0.128 | 0.605 | 0.102 | 0.096 | -0.069 | 0.602 |
| SN | -0.531 | 0.182 | 0.798 | 0.218 | -0.083 | 0.039 | 0.429 | 0.217 |
| ER | 0.789 | 0.578 | 0.165 | 0.119 | 0.124 | 0.125 | 0.088 | 0.119 |
| TSS | 0.488 | 0.655 | 0.551 | -0.143 | 0.077 | 0.141 | 0.296 | -0.142 |
| TA | -0.709 | 0.375 | -0.578 | 0.047 | -0.112 | 0.081 | -0.311 | 0.047 |
| TS | 0.764 | 0.600 | 0.040 | -0.153 | 0.120 | 0.130 | 0.022 | -0.152 |
| SAR | -0.671 | 0.620 | -0.395 | 0.034 | -0.106 | 0.134 | -0.213 | 0.034 |
| VC | 0.749 | 0.603 | -0.093 | -0.231 | 0.118 | 0.130 | -0.050 | -0.230 |
| SR | 0.105 | 0.863 | -0.453 | -0.097 | 0.017 | 0.186 | -0.243 | -0.097 |
| TAA | 0.565 | -0.506 | -0.264 | 0.594 | 0.089 | -0.109 | -0.142 | 0.591 |
| SAAR | 0.899 | -0.429 | -0.054 | -0.018 | 0.142 | -0.093 | -0.029 | -0.018 |
| BAAR | -0.907 | 0.405 | 0.029 | 0.035 | -0.143 | 0.087 | 0.016 | 0.035 |
| TF | -0.856 | 0.303 | 0.301 | 0.275 | -0.135 | 0.066 | 0.162 | 0.274 |
| TPA | 0.014 | 0.972 | 0.083 | 0.193 | 0.002 | 0.210 | 0.045 | 0.192 |
| 特征值 | 6.355 | 4.627 | 1.860 | 1.004 | 6.355 | 4.627 | 1.860 | 1.004 |
| Characteristic value | ||||||||
| 贡献率 | 45.395 | 33.049 | 13.287 | 7.174 | 45.395 | 33.049 | 13.287 | 7.174 |
| Contribution rate/% | ||||||||
| 累计贡献率 | 45.395 | 78.444 | 91.731 | 98.905 | 45.395 | 78.444 | 91.731 | 98.905 |
| Accumulative contribution rate/% | ||||||||
| 品种 Variety | 主成分1 PCA1 | 主成分2 PCA2 | 主成分3 PCA3 | 主成分4 PCA4 | 综合得分 Composite score | 综合排名 Composite ranking |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 温光橘Fortunella obovata | 3.71 | 2.90 | -0.25 | -0.11 | 2.63 | 1 |
| 滑皮金柑Fortunella classifolia(Huapi) | -2.61 | 1.10 | 1.20 | 1.20 | -0.58 | 3 |
| 宁波罗浮Fortunella margarita | -2.33 | 0.85 | 0.50 | -1.71 | -0.84 | 5 |
| 宁波罗纹Fortunella japonica | 2.15 | -2.46 | 1.63 | 0.18 | 0.40 | 2 |
| 融安金柑Fortunella classifolia(Rong’an) | 0.17 | -2.59 | -1.29 | -0.29 | -0.98 | 6 |
| 温州金弹Fortunella crassifolia(Wenzhou) | -1.09 | 0.19 | -1.79 | 0.72 | -0.62 | 4 |
Table 9 Scores of principal components from six kumquat cultivars major quality parameters
| 品种 Variety | 主成分1 PCA1 | 主成分2 PCA2 | 主成分3 PCA3 | 主成分4 PCA4 | 综合得分 Composite score | 综合排名 Composite ranking |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 温光橘Fortunella obovata | 3.71 | 2.90 | -0.25 | -0.11 | 2.63 | 1 |
| 滑皮金柑Fortunella classifolia(Huapi) | -2.61 | 1.10 | 1.20 | 1.20 | -0.58 | 3 |
| 宁波罗浮Fortunella margarita | -2.33 | 0.85 | 0.50 | -1.71 | -0.84 | 5 |
| 宁波罗纹Fortunella japonica | 2.15 | -2.46 | 1.63 | 0.18 | 0.40 | 2 |
| 融安金柑Fortunella classifolia(Rong’an) | 0.17 | -2.59 | -1.29 | -0.29 | -0.98 | 6 |
| 温州金弹Fortunella crassifolia(Wenzhou) | -1.09 | 0.19 | -1.79 | 0.72 | -0.62 | 4 |
| 品种 Variety | 隶属函数值Subordinative function value | 综合得分 Composite score | 综合排名 Composite ranking | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U1 | U2 | U3 | U4 | |||
| 温光橘Fortunella obovata | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.45 | 0.55 | 0.88 | 1 |
| 滑皮金柑Fortunella classifolia(Huapi) | 0 | 0.67 | 0.87 | 1.00 | 0.41 | 3 |
| 宁波罗浮Fortunella margarita | 0.04 | 0.63 | 0.67 | 0 | 0.32 | 5 |
| 宁波罗纹Fortunella japonica | 0.75 | 0.02 | 1.00 | 0.65 | 0.53 | 2 |
| 融安金柑Fortunella classifolia(Rong’an) | 0.44 | 0 | 0.15 | 0.49 | 0.25 | 6 |
| 温州金弹Fortunella crassifolia(Wenzhou) | 0.24 | 0.51 | 0 | 0.84 | 0.34 | 4 |
Table 10 Membership function value of quality and nutrition indexes of different kumquat varieties
| 品种 Variety | 隶属函数值Subordinative function value | 综合得分 Composite score | 综合排名 Composite ranking | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U1 | U2 | U3 | U4 | |||
| 温光橘Fortunella obovata | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.45 | 0.55 | 0.88 | 1 |
| 滑皮金柑Fortunella classifolia(Huapi) | 0 | 0.67 | 0.87 | 1.00 | 0.41 | 3 |
| 宁波罗浮Fortunella margarita | 0.04 | 0.63 | 0.67 | 0 | 0.32 | 5 |
| 宁波罗纹Fortunella japonica | 0.75 | 0.02 | 1.00 | 0.65 | 0.53 | 2 |
| 融安金柑Fortunella classifolia(Rong’an) | 0.44 | 0 | 0.15 | 0.49 | 0.25 | 6 |
| 温州金弹Fortunella crassifolia(Wenzhou) | 0.24 | 0.51 | 0 | 0.84 | 0.34 | 4 |
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