Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

Expression pattern and protein structure analysis of maize XYLPs gene family

ZHONG Jing, TAN Fen, ZHANG Hongquan, XIONG Xiaoqin, HUANG Lixia

2020, 32(10): 1741-1747. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.10.01

Abstract ( 1026 )

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The expression pattern and protein structure of maize XYLPs (xylogen-like arabinogalactan proteins) gene family were analyzed by bioinformatics. The distribution of ZmXYLPs on chromosome showed a certain preference. Gene replication events not only played an important role in the expansion and evolution of ZmXYLPs, but also might cause the expansion of gene expression location. According to the structural characteristics,ZmXYLPs could be divided into two categories. Only ZmXYLP10/13/14 contained N-linked glycomodifying sites, and the rest of ZmXYLPs contained O-linked glycomodifying sites. The results showed that the biological function of maize ZmXYLPs might be related to its glycosyl side chain, and its roles were not be limited to the development process of vascular tissue in maize, but also to the process of reproductive development.

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Effects of Chlamydomonas debaryana Gor. and Anabaena azotica Ley. on wheat seedling growth under salt stress

BIAN Jianwen, CUI Yan, YANG Songqi, LUO Guanghong, MENG Xiangang

2020, 32(10): 1748-1756. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.10.02

Abstract ( 1482 )

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In the present study, wheat seedlings were used as the experimental material, to explore the effects of microalgae (Chlamydomonas debaryana Gor., Anabaena azotica Ley., and their mixture) on the growth of wheat seedlings under salt stress. It was shown that 50 mmol·L^-1 NaCl could promote the growth of wheat stem and root. Under 100, 200 mmol·L^-1 NaCl, the growth of wheat was inhibited, as the stem length, root length, fresh weight, chlorophyll content and the value of maximal photochemistry efficiency of PSⅡ(F_v/F_m) decreased. The addition of microalgae could alleviate the inhibition of salt stress on wheat growth, by increasing the stem length, root length, fresh weight, chlorophyll content and photosynthesis efficiency of wheat, and enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) to remove active oxygen, so as to improve the salt tolerance of wheat.

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Study on dynamic change of fermentation quality in mixed silages of bamboo shoot shell and rice husk

JIANG Junfang, LIU Junchao, WU Jianliang, ZHENG Huichao, HUANG Xin, ZHENG Kaizhi, JIANG Yongqing

2020, 32(10): 1757-1763. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.10.03

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The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of different proportion of rice husk and bamboo shoot shell(BSS) on the fermentation quality, nutritional value of silage. There were five treatments: 60% BSS(A), 70% BSS(B), 80% BSS(C), 85% BSS(D)and 100% BSS(NC). The silage bottles were opened at 1, 7, 14, 30 and 45 days after ensiling in order to determine the fermentation quality and nutritional compositions of the silages. The results showed that in the silage process, the content of dry material in silage samples decreased, but the change was not significant. The soluble carbohydrate content of each group of silage samples decreased significantly with the increasing of silage days(P<0.05). The ammonia/total nitrogen ratios of each mixed silage group increased significantly during the ensiling(P<0.05). During the ensiling, pH of each group decreased significantly(P<0.05)on the 7th day, thereafter the pH changed slowly. The lactic acid content of samples of each mixed silage group increased significantly on the 7th day of silage(P<0.05), and continued to increase significantly on the 14th day(P<0.05), thereafter the lactic acid content basically stabilized and decreased slightly. The acetic acid content of the samples of each mixed silage group increased gradually with the increase of the fermentation time of silage, increased significantly on the 7th day(P<0.05), and continued to increase slowly thereafter. Throughout the silage process, a small amount of propanoic acid was produced in each group, and no butyric acid was produced in A, B, C treatments. At the end of silage, for B and C treatments, ammonia/total nitrogen ratios were low, lactic acid content increased significantly, pH was lower than 4.2, no butyric acid was produced in the silage process, and silage quality was good. In conclusion, from the present study,that mixing 80% bamboo shoot shell and 20% rice husk was recommended for fermentation quality and utilization efficacy.

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Effects of early weaning and dietary glutamine addition on serum free amino acids and their metabolites in piglets

ZHAO Guangmin, LIU Xiuting, DAI Bing, YANG Hua, LYU Wentao, WANG Yuanxia, XIAO Yingping

2020, 32(10): 1764-1771. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.10.04

Abstract ( 680 )

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To study the effects of early weaning and glutamine supplementation on free amino acids and metabolites in serum of piglets, suckling, weaning and glutamine feeding sows were selected for the experiment. The growth performance and amino acid content of piglets were analyzed by chromatographic analysis, principal component analysis and partial least square discriminant analysis. The results showed that the content of arginine, histidine, valine, cysteine, proline, serine and tyrosine in the weaning group was significantly lower than that in the lactation group (P<0.05), and the contents of isoleucine, methionine, phenylmethyl-alanine, threonine and alanine in weaning group were significantly higher than those in lactation group (P<0.05). The contents of threonine and glycine in glutamine group were significantly lower than that in weaning group (P<0.05), and the contents of leucine, isoleucine, cysteine and valine in glutamine group were significantly higher than that in weaning group (P<0.05). Among amino acid metabolites, the content of γ-aminobutyric acid, taurine, citrulline, carnosine, ethanolamine and hydroxylysine in weaning group was significantly lower than that in lactation group (P<0.05). and the content of α-aminophenic acid, cystathionine, anserine, 1-methylhistidine, 3-methylhistidine, phosphoethanolamine, phosphoserine and urea in the weaning group was significantly higher than that in the lactating group (P<0.05), and the contents of ornithine, anserine and phosphorylethanolamine in the glutamine group were significantly lower than those in the weaning group (P<0.05), and the contents of α-aminophenic acid, α-aminobutyric acid, carnosine, ethanolamine, hydroxylysine, serine phosphate and urea in the glutamine group were significantly higher than those in the weaning group (P<0.05). The results showed that proper feeding of glutamine could help free amino acids and their metabolites to return to normal level. Principal component analysis showed that there were significant differences in metabolite phenotypes among the three test groups (P<0.05). The partial least square discriminant analysis model showed that threonine, valine, cysteine, anserine, phosphoethanolamine, ethanolamine and hydroxylysine were important amino acids and their metabolites. It can be seen that the content of amino acids in serum of piglets changes significantly in the early weaning stage, and the addition of glutamine can obviously regulate the content of free amino acids in the serum of piglets.

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Cold tolerance of different Chinese bayberry varieties

ZHANG Shuwen, LIANG Senmiao, ZHU Tingting, REN Haiying, ZHENG Xiliang, QI Xingjiang

2020, 32(10): 1772-1779. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.10.05

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Through the determination of cold tolerance physiological indexes of different Chinese bayberry varieties, cold tolerant germplasm were screened to provide theoretical basis for cultivation and production. In this study, 12 main cultivars such as Zijing, Zaoxian, Zaose, Chise, Shuijingzhong, Shenhongzhong, Ruiguang, Zaojia, Muyemei, Dongkui and Zaodamei were selected as the research objects. One-year-old branches were collected and treated at 0 ℃ for 24 h. The contents of soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein, proline, malondialdehyde, POD activity, SOD activity, CAT activity and relatively electrical conductivity were measured. By comparing the differences of 8 physiological indices of 12 bayberry varieties one-year-old branches under cold stress, the cold tolerance of different varieties was evaluated comprehensively based on principal component analysis and cluster analysis. According to principal component analysis, the most important index that affecting cold tolerance of Chinese bayberry was SS. The comprehensive evaluation model was F_n=0.324F₁+0.214F₂+0.178F₃+0.140F₄. The order of cold tolerance of 12 varieties was Biqizhong >Zaoxian>Zijing>Muyemei>Shuijingzhong>Zaodamei>Zaojia>Zaose>Shenhongzhong>Ruiguang>Dongkui>Chise. Among the 12 cultivars, Biqizhong had the strongest cold resistance, and could be planted in the widest range; Zaoxian, Zijing and Muyemei that also had strong cold resistance were worth popularizing in north of Zhejiang Province; Shenhongzhong had a special cold tolerance mechanism, which still needed further study; Chise and Dongkui were affected seriously by low temperature, and therefore they needed cold protection measures.

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Comparative study on traits of progeny and parents of strawberry interspecific cross

WANG Shuzhen, ZHOU Liping, QIU Jieren, TONG Jianxin, YU Hong, CHAI Weiguo, LAI Wenguo

2020, 32(10): 1780-1787. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.10.06

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In order to effectively utilize the wild strawberry resources and improve the efficiency of the establishment of the introgression line, seed setting rate and seed emergence rate of the diploid RG × octaploid Hongyu reciprocal crosses were measured, and the chromosome ploidy of the progeny of the interspecific hybrid were examined using Carbo fuchsin dyeing and flow cytometry. Leaf structure, plant type, soluble solid content and anther activity of the hexaploid RH28 and its parents were investigated. The results showed that the seed setting rate of RG × Hongyu hybrid was 22%, higher than that of Hongyu × RG (15%), and the seed emergence rate of RG × Hongyu hybrid was 12.04%, lower than that of Hongyu × RG (20.83%). The percentage of plants with different ploidy was 2x 19.57%, 3x 45.65%, 4x 19.57%, 5x 13.04% and 6x 2.17% in the progeny of RG×Hongyu hybrid, and 3x 20.0%, 4x 26.67%, 5x 26.67% and 6x 26.67% in the progeny of Hongyu×RG hybrid, respectively. Interspecific hybrid offspring RH28 plants were slightly higher than RG, with fewer branches than RG, and could produce a small number of stolons. The thickness of leaf cell tissue was between two parents, indicating that leaf tissue structure was in direct proportion to chromosome ploidy. Flower size and stamen number were between two parents. Pollen could be detected in all stages of flowering, and the vigor intensity of anther was lower than that of Hongyu, but the vigor trend of anther was similar to that of Hongyu, and it was the strongest from the big bud stage to 1^st day after flowering. Interspecific hybrid RH28 progenie showed a trend of superior in pollen activity, stolon growth characteristics, plant type, fruit quality, etc., which provided a reference for the utilization of excellent wild strawberry resources and interspecific hybrid breeding methods.

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Transcriptome analysis of tomato under salt stress induced by c-GMP

ZHU Xiaolin, WEI Xiaohong, WANG Baoqiang, WANG Xian, ZHANG Mingjun

2020, 32(10): 1788-1797. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.10.07

Abstract ( 1081 )

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Using tomato as material, Illumina high-throughput sequence technology was used to sequence the transcriptome of tomato seedlings under NaCl stress, c-GMP induction and the combination of the two. The results showed that: a total of 83.35 Gb of original data were obtained, and the percentage of Q30 bases was 90.91% and above. The original reading of each sample was compared with the designated reference genome, and the comparison efficiency ranged from 88.03% to 92.74%. At the same time, the 31 734 sequences obtained were annotated to different databases (GO, KEGG, KOG, NR, Pfam, Swiss-Prot and egg NOG), and they were divided into cell component, molecular function and biological process through the GO database. Among the 51 subfunctional groups under the big annotation category, they were annotated into 25 categories and 128 metabolic pathways through the COG database and the KEGG database, respectively. A total of 127 944 SNP sites were found under NaCl stress, c-GMP induction and the combination of the two treatments, of which only 22.6% of SNP sites were located in the non-coding region. The differential gene results showed that c-GMP could induce the expression of more genes under salt stress. The transcriptome sequence data was reliable and the results covered a wide range, providing a theoretical basis for gene mining and functional research of tomato under salt stress induced by c-GMP.

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Effects of meteorological factors on fruit quality of Hongmeiren citrus

WANG Chengkuan, HUANG Zhendong, LIU Xingquan, HONG Xiaoling

2020, 32(10): 1798-1808. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.10.08

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In order to explore the effects of meteorological factors on fruit quality of Hongmeiren citrus, six quality indices of open cultivated citrus were determined for three consecutive years by sampling, and data of five main meteorological indices were collected and organized. This paper analyzed the relationship between meteorological factors in different phenological stages and fruit quality, coupled with relevance and regression analysis. The results showed that sucrose (SUC) and total acid (TA) were both significantly positive correlated (P<0.05) with precipitation amount at the germination stage. Sunshine duration at the germination stage had a significantly negative correlation (P<0.01) with SUC and a significantly negative correlation (P<0.05) with total soluble solids (TSS) and TA. Average temperature at the physiological fruit-dropping stage, as well as ≥10 ℃ active accumulated temperature in the same period, had a significantly negative correlation (P<0.05) with TA. At the picking stage, when average temperature was 18.5~19.5 ℃, ≥10 ℃ active accumulated temperature was 565.3~596.7 ℃, respectively, a higher ambient temperature would help accumulate the fruit sugar. TSS also showed a significantly positive correlation with sunshine duration at the flowering stage, while a significantly negative correlation (P<0.05) with sunshine duration at the picking stage. The average diurnal temperature range was a key factor affecting the flavor of Hongmeiren citrus, which was enhanced when the temperature difference between day and night became larger. To get better fruit quality, it was advised to do good insulation work with increasing the environmental temperature and heat moderately at the picking stage, and use the protected cultivation technology to adjust the microclimate environment at germination and picking stages.

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Effect of grafting methods on grafting working efficiency, seedling growth and fruit quality of melon (Cucumis melo L.)

WANG Bingliang, HAI Rui, JIN Bingsheng, JIANG Jianhong, SHI Xingren, LIN Yuquan, YE Hongxia

2020, 32(10): 1809-1815. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.10.09

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Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis) is one of the most serious soil-borne diseases in melon production, which has caused great losses. Nowadays, the grafting cultivation by using resistant rootstocks has become the most effective way for solving this problem. In order to apply this grafting technology efficiently, three grafting methods, i.e. hole insertion grafting (HI), pith-cambium grafting (PC) and root pruning hole insertion grafting (RP), were used to study the effect of grafting methods on grafting working efficiency, seedling growth and fruit quality by using rootstock variety Sizhuang No. 10 and melon variety Dongfangmi No.1. It was found that the grafting speed of HI and PC were quite similar, but higher than that of RP significantly, the survival rate of seedling in PC was lower than that of HI and RP significantly. According to the seedling height, scion diameter and the biggest leaf size, the seedling quality of RP was better than that of HI or PC. There was no significant difference between PC and HI in seedling quality, except the seedling height, which was lower in PC than that of HI significantly. No obvious difference was found in plant characters among the three grafting methods, including fruit setting position, internode length, leaf character of the biggest leaf. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in fruit weight, fruit shape index, pulp thickness and total soluble solid content of the fruit center among the three grafting methods. Moreover, the fruit weight of PC and RP were higher than that of own-rooted seedling significantly, the fruit shape index of grafting seedling was somewhat lower than that of own-rooted seedling, and total soluble solid content in grafting seedling was significantly higher than that of the own-rooted seedling.

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Identification and biocontrol activity analysis of biocontrol strain PF-1 based on genome-wide data

QI Jiaming, SUN Shanshan, ZHANG Dongxu, XIAO Jianzhong, XU Zhiwen

2020, 32(10): 1816-1822. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.10.10

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Based on the genome-wide data, the taxonomic status of biocontrol strain PF-1, which was isolated from soil, was clarified. The antagonistic effect of biocontrol strain PF-1 on multiple plant pathogens was validated to uncover its potential biocontrol functions. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis to identify biocontrol strain PF-1. Furthermore, whole-genome sequencing analysis was also employed to determine the taxonomic status of strain PF-1. Plate isolate-antagonistic experiments were applied to explore the antagonistic effect of strain PF-1 on Verticillium dahliae Kleb and Fusarium oxysporum. The antibiotic genes of strain PF-1 were figured out among secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters predicted by antiSMASH. According to the results of phylogenetic trees, average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization, PF-1 was characterized as Pseudomonas protegens, with 15 secondary metabolite gene clusters in genome, exhibited a good ability to inhibit the growth of plant pathogens. Pseudomonas protegens PF-1 has strong antagonistic ability against plant pathogens and good prospects for agricultural applications.

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Effect of 6 kinds of spray adjuvant on surface tension and contact angle of 3 kinds of pesticides

JING Liangliang, CHAI Junfa, GAO Qiang, CAO Shuang, HONG Bo, JIA Yanxia

2020, 32(10): 1823-1833. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.10.11

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In order to reduce pesticide application and increase efficiency, 6 kinds of spary adjuvant (Qiangliyuan, Roushuitong, Organosilicone, Apudun, Huainongte, Beichuang), and 3 kinds of pesticides (70% imidacloprid WG, 5% abamectin EC, 1.3% matrine AS) were mixed respectively. The changes of the surface tension and contact angle of these mixtures were measured, and the relationship between the surface tension and the contact angle of these mixtures was analyzed. It was shown that addition of 6 kinds of spray adjuvant could reduce the surface tension under different concentrations. The reduction effect on surface tension of the 3 kinds of pesticides was the highest by adding Organosilicone, Qiangliyuan and Huainongte, which was followed by Roushuitong and Apudun, and the worst effect was found by adding Beichuang. For the reduction effect on the contact angle of the 3 kinds of pesticides, it was the highest by adding Organosilicone, Roushuitong, Qiangliyuan and Huainongte, which was followed by Apudun, and the worst effect was found by adding Beichuang. The relationship between the surface tension and the contact angle of the 3 kinds of pesticides was analyzed. The regression results showed that there was a significant (P<0.05) negative correlation between the surface tension and the cosine value of the contact angle. The rational application of spary adjuvant could benefit the utilization of pesticides. The present results could provide data support for field application and further research on adjuvant.

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Study on soil maturity index of newly cultivated land in Zhejiang Province

ZHENG Mingjie, JIANG Mingbei, ZHANG Mingkui, YAN Jianli, WANG Daoze

2020, 32(10): 1834-1840. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.10.12

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Soil ripening is an important process of newly cultivated land fertilization, which is the performance of the gradual improvement of soil fertility and productivity. However, there is no consensus in the judgement of soil ripening. Based on the analysis of the nature of soil ripening of cultivated land, the relationship between soil ripening and soil quality, the difference between mature soil and raw soil, and the selection of ripening indexes, the present study discussed the ripening indexes and standards of paddy field and upland soil with Zhejiang as an example. The viewpoint of establishing two sets of standards was put forward, namely, the primary ripening standard and high ripening standard, which corresponded to the “lower limit” and “upper limit” of soil ripening, respectively. It was considered that the ripening indexes should be designed according to the problems in land use, and the cultivated layer thickness, soil organic matter, pH, bulk density and salt content could be considered as the ripening indexes. The “upper limit” value of soil ripening could be identified by referring to the evaluation standard of high-grade cultivated land in current cultivated land quality evaluation method. Meanwhile, the “lower limit” value of soil ripening should balance the relationship between crop growth demand and regional fertilization reality. Based on the analysis of the changes in the soil fertility before and after the ripenig of typical cultivated land, and combined with some standards of soil quantitative classification in China, the identification indexes and standards of upland and paddy field soil ripening in Zhejiang Province were proposed.

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Virulence genes and drug resistance characteristics of Escherichia coli in ready-to-eat duck products

YANG Hua, MA Yan, LIU Xiuting, LYU Wentao, LU Lizhi, XIAO Yingping

2020, 32(10): 1841-1848. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.10.13

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To analyze the contamination of E. coli in ready-to-eat duck products, the virulence gene status and drug resistance characteristics of E. coli, 491 samples of ready-to-eat duck products were collected from 11 provinces of Zhejiang, Shanghai, Fujian, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Beijing, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Guizhou, Hubei and Sichuan for the isolation of E. coli. The VITEK 2 COMPACT analysis system was used to identify the isolates and analyze the drug resistance profile. The virulence genes, drug-resistant genes and class I integrase genes were amplified by PCR. The results showed that a total of 109 strains of E. coli were isolated from 491 ready-to-eat duck products, and the detection rate was 22.20%. The detection rate of escV was the highest (7.34%), followed by pic(6.42%), ipaH and aggR(3.67%), stx2 (2.75%), eae, lt and stx1(1.83%). Escherichia coli showed high resistance to ampicillin of cotrimoxazole and penicillins, which were 63.30% and 61.47%, respectively. The proportion of strains with drug resistance ≥3 was 60.55%, and the highest resistance to 12 antibiotics at the same time was 2.75%. Corresponding sulfonamine-resistant genes had the highest detection rates at 100.00% and 88.07%, respectively, and the detection rates of quinolone genes qnrA and qnrS, aminoglycoside genes aadA1 and mecC were also above 35%. The detection rates of β-lactam resistant genes CTX-M, TEM, SHV, CTX-M-1, CTX-M-2, CTX-M-9 and CTX-M-25 in 24 extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing Escherichia coli strains were 100.00%, 95.83%, 4.17%, 66.67%, 12.50%, 75.00% and 4.17%, respectively. Seven strains of E. coli among 20 integron positive Ⅰ carried genes inserted elements, among them 2 strains of E. coli type Ⅰ integron genes inserted for dfrA1-aadA1, 4 strains for dfrA12-aadA2, another strain for aadA22. It was indicated that the Escherichia coli contaminated with ready-to-eat duck products had certain virulence genes and drug resistance.

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Determination of fipronil and its metabolites in fresh eggs by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

JI Xiaofeng, LYU Wentao, WANG Jianmei, LIAO Linhui, XU Jie, QIAN Mingrong

2020, 32(10): 1849-1854. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.10.14

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The optimized QuEChERS method combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed to determine fipronil and its metabolite residues in fresh eggs. The linearity, sensitivity, recovery rate and matrix effect of the method were verified. Meanwhile, the screening analysis for fipronil and its metabolite residues in fresh eggs collected from the market was carried out. The results showed that the linearity of fipronil and its three metabolites were in the range of 1.0-100 μg·L^-1, and the correlation coefficient (R²)was greater than 0.99, the recoveries were 85.8%-105.6%, the relative standard deviation was less than 11.0%, and the matrix effect was 0.88-1.23. The detection limit for fipronil and its metabolite were 0.002-0.02 μg·kg^-1, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.007-0.05 μg·kg^-1. The developed method was used to analyze 30 batches of fresh egg samples, and the results showed that fipronil was detected in one sample with the concentration of 10.1 μg·kg^-1.

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Network pharmacological analysis of anti-oxidant mechanism of Cassia semen

LI Lei, ZHAO Huajin, WU Zitao, LI Shenghe, JIANG Jinpeng, LIU Chang

2020, 32(10): 1855-1865. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.10.15

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Cassia semen is good at anti-oxidant, however the mechanism is unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the anti-oxidative mechanisms of Cassia semen by the network pharmacological method. According to literature mining and TCMSP database of the Chinese medicine system, all the chemical components and the targets of Cassia semen were obtained. Then, the corresponding targets and the active components were selected according to oral bioavailability (OB) and drug-likeness (DL). GeneCards database was used to identify and predict the anti-oxidative targets of Cassia semen. STRING database and Cytoscape software were used to construct protein-protein interaction network. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was preformed through DAVID database. The predicted targets were finally confirmed by molecular docking with AutoDock software. It was found that 11 ingredients and 34 targets were involved in 51 biological process GO terms (including oxidation-reduction process, positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process) and 154 KEGG pathways (including hepatitis B, p53 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and pathway in cancer). The predicted targets of Cassia semen were confirmed by molecular docking, which indicated the reliability of the network pharmacology approach. In conclusion, Cassia semen, including rhein, aloe-emodin, stigmasterol, toralactone etc. Eleven active ingredients, played its anti-oxidative role by interacting with 34 targets including TP53, MYC, CASP3, ESR1, JUN etc, which suggested the characteristic of multi-targets and multi-pathways of Cassia semen and provided a reference for further investigation.

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Optimization of extraction process of total flavonoids from Acerola cherry by response surface methodology and their antioxidant activities

YANG Zhi, LI Wenyi, GAO Yuntao, XIONG Huabin, CHEN Yijian, YANG Huijuan

2020, 32(10): 1866-1872. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.10.16

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For effective extraction of total flavonoids from Acerola cherry, on the basis of single factor experiments, the effect of cherry crushing mesh number, ethanol concentration, and liquid-solid ratio were studied by response surface methodology. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity of total flavonoids from Acerola cherry was assessed. The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions were: cherry crushing mesh number of 63.13, ethanol volume fraction of 49.71%, liquid-solid ratio of 29.85. Under the optimal conditions, flavonoids extraction yield was 86.9 mg·100g^-1 and was closed to the predicted value of 85.07 mg·100g^-1. The antioxidant activity of the extracts increased with the increase of extraction rate, and the DPPH antioxidant equivalent under the optimum extraction conditions was 73.38.

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Effects of different pre-cooling methods on cooling speed and storage quality of postharvest water bamboo shoot

ZHU Weicheng, GAO Haiyan, HAN Yanchao, LI Daxiang, CHEN Hangjun

2020, 32(10): 1873-1879. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.10.17

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In this study, four different ways, i.e. packaged in bag and cooled in cooling room (PCCM), unpackaged in bag and cooled in cooling room (UCCM), packaged in bag and cooled in ice water (PCIW), unpackaged in bag and cooled in ice water(UCIW) were used for pre-cooling and storage of water bamboo shoot. The suitable precooling way was selected through measuring the cooling speed of the central temperature of water bamboo shoot under different precooling ways, as well as the changes of the whiteness value, hardness, reducing sugar and soluble protein during storage. The results showed that the cooling speed of UCIW group pre-cooling was the fastest, and it only took 96 min to reach the final precooling temperature of 4 ℃, while the precooling methods of PCCM, UCCM, PCIW needed 1 117, 114 and 375 min, respectively. Water bamboo shoot treated by UCIW pre-cooling was easy to grow microorganism, which aggravated the occurrence of rot in the later stage of storage, while the content of total soluble solid(TSS)and soluble protein of water bamboo shoot treated by PCIW pre-cooling could keep high content of TSS and soluble protein during storage, and the weight loss rate could be also reduced. Therefore, PCIW treatment was a suitable pre-cooling method for postharvest water bamboo shoot.

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Comprehensive evaluation on sustainable development level of agriculture and regional difference in Zhejiang Province: based on high-quality development perspective

FU Linlin, MAO Xiaobao, MAO Xiaohong, LI Haitao, WANG Jin

2020, 32(10): 1880-1889. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.10.18

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Under the background of high-quality development, the present study established an integrated evaluation system for sustainable development level of agriculture, and the development level in Zhejiang Province and different regions was evaluated. The established evaluation system had four dimensions, namely, sustainability of agricultural production, sustainability of economic development, sustainability of resources and environment, and sustainability of local population. By adopting grey correlation analysis and macro-level data, the sustainable development level of agriculture in Zhejiang Province between 2013 and 2017 was evaluated, and the sustainable development level of agriculture in counties with different terrain (including mountainous, semi-mountainous, plains and islands) in 2017 was compared. It was shown that in 2013-2017, Zhejiang has made continuous progress in the sustainable development level of agriculture. But, there were disparities among counties with different terrain. Counties with semi-mountainous and plains terrain exhibited the highest development level. While the sustainable development level of agriculture in countries with mountainous terrain was the lowest. Therefore, the key to promote sustainable development level of agriculture in Zhejiang Province was to build a high-level agricultural system, promote high-level green production, create a high-level industrial platform and develop a high-level agricultural brand.

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Practice of cultivation of high-quality farmers in Zhejiang: in case of Zhejiang Agronomist College

HUANG Hexiao, LI Baozhi, ZHU Qibiao, YANG Liangshan, WU Jinghua

2020, 32(10): 1890-1898. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.10.19

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The cultivation of high-quality farmers is the key measure to strengthen the support of rural revitalization talents. On the basis of review of the international experience of professional farmers cultivation, Zhejiang Agronomist College, the first agronomist college in China, was selected as an example, to summarize its establishment background, innovation practice and running effect. Then, the experiences were extracted to promote the revitalization of rural talents, such as building a cultivation system of multiple integration, innovating the demand-oriented cultivation mode and improving the cultivation policy of directional support.

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Determination of optimal term of land transfer in suburban villages based on construction land expansion prediction

XIE Qing, QU Litong, YAN Shixiong

2020, 32(10): 1899-1909. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.10.20

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Determination of the optimal term of land transfer in suburban villages is conducive to the both sides of land transfer in line with their maximum benefits, and could reduce the transaction cost in transfer process. Based on the theory of rational choice, the framework for the determination of the optimal term of land transfer in suburban villages was constructed in the present study. With Changsha as an example, CA-Markov model was used to simulate the expansion of urban construction land. Then, the simulation results were chosen to predict the time of land expropriation, and Wangcheng District of Changsha was selected for empirical analysis. The results showed that the optimal term of land transfer in suburban villages was the corresponding time when the income of both sides of the land transfer reached the maximal revenue before land expropriation. Different transfer times corresponded to different optimal term before land expropriation. Both sides of land transfer could determine the term according to their income expectation, subjective intention, and land expropriation time predicted by the expansion of urban construction land. CA-Markov model exhibited certain advantages in determining the optimal term of land transfer.

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Progress on application of MYB transcription factor in plant salt tolerance genetic engineering

LI Junxia, WANG Chunyi, DING Yutao, DAI Shutao, ZHU Cancan, SONG Yinghui, QIN Na, CHEN Yuxiang

2020, 32(10): 1910-1920. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.10.21

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Salt stress is a major environmental factor that affects plant growth, development and crop yields. Salt tolerance breeding is an important measure to ensure agricultural production. It is an effective way to improve plant salt tolerance through genetic engineering technology compared with the conventional breeding methods.MYB family is one of the largest transcription factor families in plants, which plays an important role in regulation on plant tolerance to abiotic stresses including salt stress. This paper systematically and comprehensively elaborated the application of MYB transcription factors in salt tolerance genetic engineering of Arabidopsis thaliana, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), rice (Oryza sativa), soybean (Glycine max) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum),etc, so as to provide some references for the utilization of MYB transcription factors and salt tolerance genetic improvement and breeding.

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