生物有机材料对滨海盐碱土的改良效果

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2019.04.13

浙江农业学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 607-615.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2019.04.13

生物有机材料对滨海盐碱土的改良效果

周文志, 孙向阳, 李素艳^*, 张乐

北京林业大学林学院,北京 100083

收稿日期:2018-09-26 出版日期:2019-04-25 发布日期:2019-04-19
通讯作者: *李素艳,E-mail: lisuyan@bjfu.edu.cn
作者简介:周文志(1992-),男,河北南和人,硕士研究生,研究方向为土壤修复与健康。 E-mail: wenzhizhoutuer@163.com
基金资助:
林业公益性行业科研专项(201504205)

Ameliorative effect of bioorganic material on coastal saline soil

ZHOU Wenzhi, SUN Xiangyang, LI Suyan^*, ZHANG Le

College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2018-09-26 Online:2019-04-25 Published:2019-04-19

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对河北省滨海盐碱土盐碱化程度高、盐分毒害突出的问题,选取生物炭和园林废弃物堆肥对该地区的滨海盐碱土进行改良研究。设计2因素4水平试验(园林废弃物堆肥设置4个施用水平:0、20、40、80 g·kg^-1,分别用G0,G1、G2、G3表示;生物炭设置4个施用水平:0、10、20、40 g·kg^-1,分别用B0、B1、B2、B3表示),开展室内土壤培养,测定土壤pH、电导率(EC)、钠吸附比(SAR)、土壤饱和导水率,以及Cl^-、$SO^{2-}_{4}$、有机质含量等土壤理化指标的变化,探索生物炭和园林废弃物堆肥等生物有机材料对滨海地区盐碱土改良的效果。结果表明:当生物炭施用量一定时,除B1水平下土壤pH无显著变化外,G2、G3处理的土壤pH显著(P<0.05)低于G0处理。当园林废弃物堆肥施用量一定时,B3处理显著(P<0.05)升高土壤的pH。在不施用生物炭的情况下,单独施入园林废弃物堆肥显著(P<0.05)降低土壤EC。在G0和G1条件下,施用少量的生物炭(B1)亦可显著(P<0.05)降低土壤EC。适量施用生物炭或园林废弃物堆肥均可显著(P<0.05)降低土壤的SAR。G3条件下,添加生物炭会显著(P<0.05)降低土壤$SO^{2-}_{4}$含量。当生物炭施用量一定时,G3处理的土壤$SO^{2-}_{4}$含量较G0处理显著(P<0.05)增加。相较于不施用生物炭和园林废弃物堆肥的处理,施用B3水平的生物炭或G3水平的园林废弃物堆肥可显著(P<0.05)降低土壤Cl^-含量。在相同的园林废弃物堆肥或生物炭用量条件下,增加生物炭或园林废弃物堆肥可显著(P<0.05)提高土壤有机质含量,适当增加生物炭或园林废弃物堆肥也可显著(P<0.05)提高土壤饱和导水率。总体来看,采用适量的生物炭和园林废弃物堆肥配施,既能提升土壤肥力,又能降低盐碱土壤的pH和盐分含量。

关键词: 滨海盐碱土, 生物炭, 园林废弃物堆肥, 化学改良

Abstract: Biochar and green waste composting were selected to improve the coastal saline-alkali soil, in order to solve the problem of high salinity of coastal saline-alkali soil in Hebei Province. A two-factor four-level test (application rate of green waste composting was set as 0, 20, 40, 80 g·kg^-1 and denoted as G0, G1, G2, G3, respectively; application rate of biochar was set as 0, 10, 20, 40 g·kg^-1, and denoted as B0, B1, B2, B3, respectively) was designed and carried out through indoor soil culture. The dynamics of soil physical and chemical indicators, including soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, and contents of Cl^-, $SO^{2-}_{4}$, organic matter were determined to explore the ameliorative effect of bioorganic material on costal saline soil. It was shown that soil pH showed no significant change with varied green waste composting application under B1 treatment. Except that, soil pH of G2 and G3 treatment was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of G0 with the same biochar application rate. With the certain green waste composting application rate, B3 treatment significantly (P<0.05) increased soil pH. Without biochar addition, application of green waste composting significantly (P<0.05) reduced soil EC. Under G0 and G1 condition, application of biochar in B1 level significantly (P<0.05) reduced soil EC. Application of appropriate rate of biochar or green waste composting significantly (P<0.05) reduced soil SAR. Under G3 condition, addition of biochar significantly (P<0.05) lowered the content of soil $SO^{2-}_{4}$. With the same application rate of biochar, soil $SO^{2-}_{4}$ content of G3 treatment was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of G0 treatment. Compared with B0G0 treatment, application of biochar in B3 level or green waste composting in G3 level significantly (P<0.05) reduced soil Cl^- content. Under the same application rate of biochar or green waste composting, addition of biochar or green waste composting significantly (P<0.05) increased soil organic matter, and application of appropriate biochar or green waste composting could significantly (P<0.05) increase soil saturated hydraulic conductivity. Overall, application of appropriate amount of biochar and green waste composting could both improve soil fertility and reduce soil pH and salinity.

Key words: coastal saline-alkali soil, biochar, garden waste compost, chemical improvement

中图分类号:

S156.4⁺2

周文志, 孙向阳, 李素艳, 张乐. 生物有机材料对滨海盐碱土的改良效果[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2019, 31(4): 607-615.

ZHOU Wenzhi, SUN Xiangyang, LI Suyan, ZHANG Le. Ameliorative effect of bioorganic material on coastal saline soil[J]. , 2019, 31(4): 607-615.

参考文献

[1] 沙梦哲. 浙江慈溪慈东滨海区盐碱地绿化技术与成效分析研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2015.
SHA M Z.An analysis and research on saline-alkaline land greening skill & its effect tin Zheijang east-Cixi Binhai district[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2] 刘莉萍, 刘兆普, 隆小华. 2种盐土改良剂对苏北滨海盐碱土壤盐分及植物生长的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2014, 28(2): 127-131, 153.
LIU L P, LIU Z P, LONG X H.Effect of two soil ameliorant on soil salinity and plant in coastal saline-alkali soil of north Jiangsu province[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2014, 28(2): 127-131, 153.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3] LAIRD D A, FLEMING P, DAVIS D D, et al.Impact of biochar amendments on the quality of a typical Midwestern agricultural soil[J]. Geoderma, 2010, 158(3/4): 443-449.
[4] STEINER C, TEIXEIRA W G, LEHMANN J, et al.Long term effects of manure, charcoal and mineral fertilization on crop production and fertility on a highly weathered Central Amazonian upland soil[J]. Plant and Soil, 2007, 291(1/2): 275-290.
[5] 罗煜, 赵小蓉, 李贵桐, 等. 酸性和碱性土壤中芒草生物质炭激发效应的特征与差异[J]. 土壤学报, 2014, 51(1): 90-95.
LUO Y, ZHAO X R, LI G T, et al.Characteristics of difference in priming effect of miscanthus-derived biochar in acid and alkaline soils[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2014, 51(1): 90-95.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6] 杨艳丽, 李秀军, 陈国双, 等. 生物质炭与盐酸配施对苏打盐渍土理化性状的影响研究[J]. 土壤与作物, 2015, 4(3): 113-119.
YANG Y L, LI X J, CHEN G S, et al.Effects of biochar on saline-sodic soil physical and chemical properties[J]. Soil and Crop, 2015, 4(3): 113-119.(in Chinese)
[7] 李桥. 园林废弃物堆肥对绿地土壤的改良研究[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2009.
LI Q.Effects of garden waste composting on green soil[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2009.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8] ZHANG L, SUN X Y, TIAN Y, et al.Effects of brown sugar and calcium superphosphate on the secondary fermentation of green waste[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2013, 131: 68-75.
[9] 张乐, 徐平平, 李素艳, 等. 有机-无机复合改良剂对滨海盐碱地的改良效应研究[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2017, 15(2): 92-99.
ZHANG L, XU P P, LI S Y, et al.Amelioration effects of organic-inorganic compound amendment on coastal saline-alkali soil[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017, 15(2): 92-99.
[10] 岳燕, 郭维娜, 林启美, 等. 加入不同量生物质炭盐渍化土壤盐分淋洗的差异与特征[J]. 土壤学报, 2014, 51(4): 914-919.
YUE Y, GUO W N, LIN Q M, et al.Salt leaching in the saline soil relative to rate of biochar applied[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2014, 51(4): 914-919.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11] 鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000.
[12] 宋新山, 邓伟, 章光新, 等. 钠吸附比及其在水体碱化特征评价中的应用[J]. 水利学报, 2000, 31(7): 70-76.
SONG X S, DENG W, ZHANG G X, et al.Sodium adsorption ratio and its application to appraisement of alkali characteristics of water[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2000, 31(7): 70-76.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13] 张涛. 工程、化学及新型生物措施在滨海盐土改良中的应用研究[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2016.
ZHANG T.Application of engineering, chemical and new pattern of biological measures to coastal saline soil amelioration[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2016.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14] 张洋. 滨海盐碱土盐分动态及改良技术研究:以中捷农场地区为例[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2016.
ZHANG Y.Dynamics of coastal soil salinity and its improvement technology: taking Zhongjie Friendship Farm as an example[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2016. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15] GANJEGUNTE G, VANCE G.Deviations from the empirical sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) relationship[J]. Soil Science, 2006, 171(5): 364-373.
[16] 陈延华, 廖上强, 李艳梅, 等. 生物炭和园林废弃堆腐物对设施蔬菜的影响: Ⅰ土壤理化性质及产量[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2015, 34(5): 913-919.
CHEN Y H, LIAO S Q, LI Y M, et al.Impacts of biochar and garden waste compost on greenhouse vegetables: Ⅰ. soil physicochemical properties and vegetable yields[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2015, 34(5): 913-919.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17] WANG L L, SUN X Y, LI S Y, et al.Application of organic amendments to a coastal saline soil in north China: effects on soil physical and chemical properties and tree growth[J]. PLoS One, 2014, 9(2): e89185.
[18] HERNANDEZ-ARAUJO J A, GASCO-GUERRERO G, MARMOL L, et al. Bioremediation of saline soils using organic materials: II. leaching of salts[J]. Revista De La Facultad De Agronomia De La Universidad Del Zulia, 2013, 30(4): 481-503.
[19] 鄂洋. 生物炭表面有机小分子及其活性研究[D]. 沈阳: 沈阳农业大学, 2015.
E Y.Analysis of biochar composition and bio-activity from surface organic small molecule[D]. Shenyang: Shenyang Agricultural University, 2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20] 姜井军, 郭瑞, 陈伶俐. 生物炭对酸性土和盐碱土改良效果的研究进展[J]. 农业开发与装备, 2014(11): 30-32.
JIANG J J, GUO R, CHEN L L.Research progress on the improvement effect of biochar on acid soil and saline-alkali soil[J]. Agricultural Development & Equipments, 2014(11): 30-32.(in Chinese)
[21] 王琳琳, 李素艳, 孙向阳, 等. 不同隔盐措施对滨海盐碱地土壤水盐运移及刺槐光合特性的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2015, 35(5): 1388-1398.
WANG L L, LI S Y, SUN X Y, et al.Application of salt-isolation materials to a coastal region: effects on soil water and salt movement and photosynthetic characteristics of Robinia pseudoacacia[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(5): 1388-1398.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22] 南江宽. 脱硫石膏与有机物料对苏北滨海盐渍土的改良效应及评价[D]. 南京:南京农业大学, 2016.
NAN J K.Ameliorative effects of flue gas desulfurization gypsum and organic material on coastal saline soil in north Jiangsu Province[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2016. (in Chinese with English abstract)

生物有机材料对滨海盐碱土的改良效果

Ameliorative effect of bioorganic material on coastal saline soil

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 8

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	徐民民, 黄莹, 李波, 徐艳, 张帅, 姚岭芸, 王政. 生物炭对小麦根际和根内微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(3): 516-525.
[2]	黄惠群, 蔡文昌, 张健瑜, 李灿, 曾和平. 炭化温度对牛粪生物炭结构性质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2018, 30(9): 1561-1568.
[3]	索桂芳, 吕豪豪, 汪玉瑛, 刘玉学, 何莉莉, 杨生茂. 炭基微生物肥料制备工艺及性质分析[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2018, 30(7): 1218-1228.
[4]	王代懿, 张丰松, 潘娟, 刘登璐, 苟体忠. 水稻秸秆生物炭对雄烯二酮在土壤中吸附与降解行为的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2018, 30(4): 632-639.
[5]	林肖庆1，2，吕豪豪2，3，刘玉学2，3，汪玉瑛2，3，杨生茂1,2，3，*. 生物质原料及炭化温度对生物炭产率与性质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2016, 28(7): 1216-.
[6]	尤方芳1，赵铭钦1，*，陈发元1，孙翠红1，许跃奇1，李慧2，金洪石3，金江华3. 生物炭与不同肥料配施对镉胁迫下烟株生长的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2016, 28(3): 489-.
[7]	李静静，丁松爽，李艳平，云菲，阎海涛，王志萌，刘国顺*. 生物炭与氮肥配施对烤烟干物质积累及土壤生物学特性的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2016, 28(1): 96-.
[8]	姜玉萍;杨晓峰;张兆辉;陈春宏;王良军*. 生物炭对土壤环境及作物生长影响的研究进展[J]. , 2013, 25(2): 0-415.