不同气体成分贮藏对狗头枣鲜果生理变化与品质的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.04.16

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 704-713.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.04.16

不同气体成分贮藏对狗头枣鲜果生理变化与品质的影响

冯荦荦¹(), 郜海燕², 张润光¹, 闫欣鹏¹, 张娅妮¹, 韩齐齐¹, 张有林¹^,^*()

1.陕西师范大学食品工程与营养科学学院,陕西西安 710119
2.浙江省农业科学院食品科学研究所,浙江杭州 310021

收稿日期:2020-07-07 出版日期:2021-04-25 发布日期:2021-04-25
通讯作者: 张有林
作者简介:*张有林,E-mail:youlinzh@snnu.edu.cn
冯荦荦(1998—),女,陕西榆林人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农产品加工与贮藏保鲜。E-mail:2835906375@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0401304);陕西省吸纳成果转化项目(2019CGXNX-028);西安市农业科技创新工程(20193026YF014NS014);榆林市科技计划(2019-152)

Effects of different gas composition storage on physiological changes and quality of Dog-head jujube fruit

FENG Luoluo¹(), GAO Haiyan², ZHANG Runguang¹, YAN Xinpeng¹, ZHANG Yani¹, HAN Qiqi¹, ZHANG Youlin¹^,^*()

1. College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
2. Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China

Received:2020-07-07 Online:2021-04-25 Published:2021-04-25
Contact: ZHANG Youlin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究不同气体成分贮藏对狗头枣生理变化与品质的影响,为狗头枣贮藏保鲜提供理论基础和技术方法。以陕西延安狗头枣为试材,研究了狗头枣的呼吸类型,探索了不同气体配比对狗头枣贮藏期间糖、酸、维生素C(V_C)含量和主要酶活性的影响,并在贮后进行了感官鉴评。结果表明:狗头枣为非呼吸跃变型果实, 10%O₂+90%N₂气体配比能减缓枣果实硬度和可滴定酸含量的下降速率,较好地保持还原糖和V_C含量,抑制多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性,使过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性得到较好的维持。狗头枣鲜果在温度-1~0 ℃、相对湿度90%~95%、气体配比10%O₂+90%N₂的条件下贮藏80 d,好果率88.6%,鲜度指数0.59,贮后感官鉴评品质良好。

关键词: 狗头枣, 呼吸类型, 气调贮藏, 生理变化, 贮藏品质

Abstract:

The effects of different gas composition storage on physiological changes and quality of Dog-head jujube fruit were studied. Shaanxi Yan’an Dog-head jujube was selected as the material to investigate the respiration type, and the storage effect of different gas ratios on the content of sugar, acid, vitamin C (V_C) and the activity of main enzymes. The sensory evaluation was carried out after the storage. Results showed that Dog-head jujube was non-climacteric fruit. The ratio of 10%O₂+90%N₂ gas could slow down the decreasing rate of fruit hardness and titratable acid content, maintain the content of reducing sugar and V_C, inhibit the activities of polygalacturonase (PG), peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and enhance catalase (CAT) activity. The fresh fruit was stored under the condition of low temperature of -1~0 ℃, relative humidity of 90%~95% and gas ratio of 10% O₂+90% N₂ for 80 d. After storage, the good fruit rate was 88.6%, freshness index was 0.59, and sensory evaluation quality was good.

Key words: Dog-head jujube, respiration type, controlled atmosphere storage, physiological changes, storage quality

中图分类号:

S609

冯荦荦, 郜海燕, 张润光, 闫欣鹏, 张娅妮, 韩齐齐, 张有林. 不同气体成分贮藏对狗头枣鲜果生理变化与品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(4): 704-713.

FENG Luoluo, GAO Haiyan, ZHANG Runguang, YAN Xinpeng, ZHANG Yani, HAN Qiqi, ZHANG Youlin. Effects of different gas composition storage on physiological changes and quality of Dog-head jujube fruit[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(4): 704-713.

图/表 16

表1 狗头枣气调贮藏试验设计

Table 1 The CA storage experiment design of Dog-head jujube

处理编号 Processing number	气体组成Gas composition
处理编号 Processing number	CO₂/%	O₂/%	N₂/%
1	0	21	79
2	0	10	90
3	1	10	89
4	2	10	88

表2 狗头枣鲜度级别评判标准

Table 2 The evaluation standards of freshness degree of Dog-head jujube

品名 Description	标准 Standard	鲜度级别 Freshness level
硬绿果Hard green fruit	果硬,红中带绿色,新鲜如初The fruit is hard, red and green, fresh as before	5
硬红果Hard red fruit	果硬,全红色,新鲜The fruit is hard, all red and fresh	4
半软果Semi soft fruit	果实有一半变软,或微失水皱缩Half of the fruit is softened or slightly dehydrated	3
全软果All soft fruit	果实全部变软,或失水严重,但可食用The fruit is all soft, or loses water seriously, but it is edible	2
发霉果Moldy fruit	果实上有小霉点出现,洗后可食用	1
	Small mildew spots appear on the fruit and can be eaten after washing
腐烂果Rotten fruit	果实发霉腐烂,表面斑点严重,不可食用	0
	The fruit is moldy and rotten, with serious spots on the surface, so it is not edible

表3 狗头枣的基本化学成分及特征

Table 3 The basic chemical composition and characteristics of Dog-head jujube

营养成分及特征 Nutrient composition and characteristics	测定数值 Measured values
冰点freezing point/℃	-2.30
可滴定酸含量Titratable acid content/%	0.31
还原糖含量Reducing sugar content/(g·kg^-1)	80.40
V_C含量V_C content/(mg·kg^-1)	5 676.20
可溶性固形物含量Soluble solid content/%	22.00
果实硬度Fruit hardness/(kg·cm^-2)	13.80

图1 常温下狗头枣呼吸强度变化

Fig.1 Respiratory intensity of Dog-head jujube under room temperature

图2 低温下狗头枣呼吸强度变化

Fig.2 Respiratory intensity of Dog-head jujube under low temperature

图3 不同气体成分贮藏对狗头枣果实硬度的影响图中无相同小写字母表示各处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。

Fig.3 Effect of different gas composition storage on fruit hardness of Dog-head jujube Symbols marked without the same lowercase letters meant significant (P<0.05) differences among treatments in the figure. The same as below.

图4 不同气体成分贮藏对狗头枣可滴定酸含量的影响

Fig.4 Effect of different gas composition storage on titratable acid content of Dog-head jujube

图5 不同气体成分贮藏对狗头枣还原糖含量的影响

Fig.5 Effect of different gas composition storage on reducing sugar content of Dog-head jujube

图6 不同气体成分贮藏对狗头枣Vc含量的影响

Fig.6 Effect of different gas composition storage on VC content of Dog-head jujube

图7 不同气体成分贮藏对狗头枣PG活性的影响

Fig.7 Effect of different gas composition storage on PG activity of Dog-head jujube

图8 不同气体成分贮藏对狗头枣CAT活性的影响

Fig.8 Effect of different gas composition storage on CAT activity of Dog-head jujube

图9 不同气体成分贮藏对狗头枣POD活性的影响

Fig.9 Effect of different gas composition storage on POD activity of Dog-head jujube

图10 不同气体成分贮藏对狗头枣PPO活性的影响

Fig.10 Effect of different gas composition storage on PPO activity of Dog-head jujube

图11 不同气体成分贮藏对狗头枣好果率的影响

Fig.11 Effect of different gas composition storage on the good fruit rate of Dog-head jujube

图12 不同气体成分贮藏对狗头枣鲜度指数的影响

Fig.12 Effect of different gas composition storage on the freshness index of Dog-head jujube

图13 不同气体成分贮藏狗头枣80 d外观状况

Fig.13 Appearance of Dog-head jujube treated with different gas composition storage for 80 d

参考文献 37

[1]	曲泽洲, 王永蕙. 中国果树志:枣卷[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 1993.
[2]	LIU Y D, SU Y, SUN S G, et al. Human tau may modify glucocorticoids-mediated regulation of cAMP-dependent kinase and phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein[J]. Neurochemical Research, 2012,37(5):935-947.
[3]	肖黎斌, 韩军岐, 张润光, 等. 鲜枣采后生理、贮期病害及保鲜技术研究进展[J]. 陕西农业科学, 2016,62(4):87-91.
	XIAO L B, HAN J Q, ZHANG R G, et al. Research progress on postharvest physiology, storage period diseases and preservation technology of fresh jujube[J]. Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2016,62(4):87-91. (in Chinese)
[4]	李梦钗, 温秀军. 冬枣保鲜技术研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2009,25(22):92-95.
	LI M C, WEN X J. Achievements of studies on fresh-keeping techniques of ‘Dongzao’ jujube[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2009,25(22):92-95.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]	任玉锋, 姜牧炎, 马文平, 等. 灵武长枣采后低温贮藏期间细胞壁组分的变化[J]. 北方园艺, 2018(18):114-117.
	REN Y F, JIANG M Y, MA W P, et al. Changes of cell wall components in fruit of Zizphus jujuba Mill. cv. lingwuchangzao at low temperature during the postharvest period[J]. Northern Horticulture, 2018(18):114-117.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]	张玮, 饶景萍, 张岳峰, 等. 冬枣冷藏期间生理变化的研究[J]. 西北农业学报, 2008,17(2):193-196.
	ZHANG W, RAO J P, ZHANG Y F, et al. Physiological changes of Chinese jujube Dongzao (Zizyphus jujuba var.inermis) during cool-storage[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica, 2008,17(2):193-196.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]	王淑琴, 颜廷才, 李江阔. 减压贮藏对朝阳大平顶枣衰老软化影响的研究[J]. 食品科技, 2010,35(10):60-65.
	WANG S Q, YAN T C, LI J K. Effect of hypobaric storage on softening and senescence of Dapingding jujube in Chaoyang City[J]. Food Science and Technology, 2010,35(10):60-65.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]	任玉锋, 李壮桃, 张冠楠. 涂膜处理对灵武长枣低温贮藏期间抗氧化酶和PPO活性的影响[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2018,46(19):170-171.
	REN Y F, LI Z T, ZHANG G N. Effects of coating treatment on the activities of antioxidant enzyme and PPO of Zizphus jujuba Mill cv. lingwuchangzao during low temperature storage[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2018,46(19):170-171.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]	鲁奇林, 赵宏侠, 冯叙桥, 等. 溶菌酶复合涂膜贮藏鲜枣工艺研究[J]. 中国食品学报, 2015,15(1):115-122.
	LU Q L, ZHAO H X, FENG X Q, et al. Research of lysozyme complex coating on postharvest storage quality of fresh jujube[J]. Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2015,15(1):115-122.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]	刁小琴, 关海宁, 张有林, 等. 壳聚糖结合臭氧处理对冬枣贮期生理效应的影响[J]. 食品工业, 2011,32(8):91-93.
	DIAO X Q, GUAN H N, ZHANG Y L, et al. Effects of chitosan coating and ozone treatment on physiological activity of winter-jujube fruit during storage[J]. The Food Industry, 2011,32(8):91-93.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]	付坦, 鲁晓翔, 陈绍慧, 等. 保鲜剂处理对冬枣冰温贮藏中品质的影响[J]. 食品工业科技, 2012,33(23):343-347.
	FU T, LU X X, CHEN S H, et al. The influence of antistaling agent treatment on winter-jujube during ice-temperature storage[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2012,33(23):343-347.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]	赵健, 苏月玲, 沈效东, 等. 不同保鲜剂处理对灵武长枣贮藏品质的研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2009,25(7):86-88.
	ZHAO J, SU Y L, SHEN X D, et al. Effects of different fresh-keeping agents on storage quality of Lingwu long jujube[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2009,25(7):86-88.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]	吴忠红, 杜鹃, 潘俨, 等. 气调处理对骏枣贮藏品质的影响[J]. 食品工业科技, 2015,36(22):339-343.
	WU Z H, DU J, PAN Y, et al. Effects of controlled atmosphere on quality of Zizyphus jujuba Mill.cv. Junzao during storage[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2015,36(22):339-343.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]	鲁奇林, 赵宏侠, 冯叙桥, 等. 气调包装贮藏对鲜枣采后贮藏生理和效果的影响[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2014,40(5):216-221.
	LU Q L, ZHAO H X, FENG X Q, et al. Effect of modified atmosphere package storage on postharvest physiology and quality of fresh jujube fruits[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2014,40(5):216-221.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]	赵晓丹, 傅达奇, 李莹. 臭氧结合气调冷藏对草莓保鲜品质的影响[J]. 食品科技, 2015,40(6):24-28.
	ZHAO X D, FU D Q, LI Y. Effect of O₃ treatment combined with atmosphere control (CA) on the storage quality of strawberry[J]. Food Science and Technology, 2015,40(6):24-28.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]	王欲翠, 王晓蘅, 冯毅, 等. 组合保鲜技术结合气调贮藏对荔枝品质的影响[J]. 包装工程, 2018,39(1):47-52.
	WANG Y C, WANG X H, FENG Y, et al. Effect of combined fresh-keeping technology combined with modified atmosphere storage on quality of litchi[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2018,39(1):47-52.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]	魏亚博, 郑鄢燕, 赵晓燕, 等. 气调箱贮藏对鲜切黄瓜品质的影响及对假单胞菌的抑制作用[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2020,46(4):180-186.
	WEI Y B, ZHENG Y Y, ZHAO X Y, et al. Effect of controlled atmosphere storage on the quality of fresh-cut cucumber and inhibition on Pseudomonas plecoglossicida[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2020,46(4):180-186.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]	韩海彪, 张有林, 沈效东, 等. 不同气体成分对灵武长枣贮藏中生理变化的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2007,23(10):246-250.
	HAN H B, ZHANG Y L, SHEN X D, et al. Effects of different atmosphere compositions on physiological changes of Lingwu long jujube during storage[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2007,23(10):246-250.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]	王亮, 赵迎丽, 闫根柱, 等. 气调贮藏对冬枣品质的影响[J]. 保鲜与加工, 2009,9(2):40-44.
	WANG L, ZHAO Y L, YAN G Z, et al. Effect of CA storage on post-harvest storage quality of Dongzao jujube[J]. Storage & Process, 2009,9(2):40-44.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]	张邦劳. 食品科学实验基础[M]. 西安: 陕西人民出版社, 2006: 267-269.
[21]	曹建康, 姜微波, 赵玉梅. 果蔬采后生理生化实验指导[M]. 北京: 中国轻工业出版社, 2007.
[22]	侯曼玲. 食品分析[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2004.
[23]	李忠, 董成虎, 高元惠, 等. 不同处理方法对冬枣贮藏效果的影响[J]. 保鲜与加工, 2018,18(3):49-53.
	LI Z, DONG C H, GAO Y H, et al. Effects of different treatment methods on the storage of winter jujube[J]. Storage and Process, 2018,18(3):49-53.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]	孟创鸽, 曹红霞, 韦建平. 1-MCP对大荔冬枣贮藏品质的影响[J]. 西北园艺(综合), 2019(1):59-61.
	MENG C G, CAO H X, WEI J P. Effect of 1-Methylcyclopropene treatment on storage quality of Dali Dongjujube[J]. Northwest Horticulture, 2019(1):59-61.(in Chinese)
[25]	陈浩, 张润光, 付露莹, 等. 1-MCP与Na₂S₂O₅复合保鲜剂对‘红提’葡萄采后生理及贮藏品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019,52(7):1192-1204.
	CHEN H, ZHANG R G, FU L Y, et al. Effects of 1-MCP and Na₂S₂O₅ composite preservative on postharvest physiology and storage quality of red globe grapes[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019,52(7):1192-1204.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]	李红卫, 韩涛, 晋彭辉, 等. 冬枣后熟软化过程中细胞壁多糖降解特性的研究[J]. 中国食品学报, 2014,14(2):109-117.
	LI H W, HAN T, JIN P H, et al. Studies on degradation characteristic of cell-wall polysaccharide during postharvest fruit ripening and softening of winter jujube(Zizyphus jujuba Mill)[J]. Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2014,14(2):109-117.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]	常雪花, 王振菊, 李忠, 等. 一氧化氮熏蒸对冬枣采后贮藏品质的影响[J]. 食品工业, 2019,40(3):176-180.
	CHANG X H, WANG Z J, LI Z, et al. Effect of treatment with nitric oxide fumigation on storage quality of postharvest winter jujube fruit[J]. The Food Industry, 2019,40(3):176-180.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]	文超. 不同储藏温度对临泽鲜枣采后生理的影响[J]. 农业技术与装备, 2016(10):16-19.
	WEN C. Effects of different storage temperatures on the postharvest physiology of Linze jujubes[J]. Agricultural Technology & Equipment, 2016(10):16-19.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]	吴欣, 徐俐, 李莉莉, 等. 保鲜剂对蓝莓贮藏效果及相关酶活性的影响[J]. 食品科技, 2013,38(2):26-31.
	WU X, XU L, LI L L, et al. Effect of antistalingagent treatments on storage effectiveness and enzyme activity of blueberry[J]. Food Science and Technology, 2013,38(2):26-31.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]	陈睿. 植物衰老机理研究进展探讨[J]. 绿色科技, 2012(5):6-9.
	CHEN R. Research progress of plant senescence mechanism[J]. Journal of Green Science and Technology, 2012(5):6-9. (in Chinese)
[31]	武继芸. 不同涂膜处理对冬枣贮藏品质和抗氧化活性的影响[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2016.
	WU J Y. Effects of coating treatments on storage quality and antioxidant capacity of Zizyphus Jujuba Mill. cv. Dongzao[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University, 2016.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[32]	李晓东, 董汉伟, 李晓涛, 等. 不同气体成分对枣果营养品质的影响[J]. 山东林业科技, 2011,41(2):67-68.
	LI X D, DONG H W, LI X T, et al. Effects of different gas components on nutritional quality of jujube fruit[J]. Journal of Shandong Forestry Science and Technology, 2011,41(2):67-68. (in Chinese)
[33]	王文生, 宋茂树, 陈存坤, 等. 不同气体组分对冬枣采后生理及贮藏效果的影响[J]. 果树学报, 2008,25(6):842-845.
	WANG W S, SONG M S, CHEN C K, et al. Effects of different atmosphere components on storage quality and post-harvest physiology of Dongzao Jujube[J]. Journal of Fruit Science, 2008,25(6):842-845.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[34]	TALASILA P C, CHAU K V, BRECHT J K. Design of rigid modified atmosphere packages for fresh fruits and vegetables[J]. Journal of Food Science, 1995,60(4):758-761.
[35]	MATHOOKO F M. Regulation of ethylene biosynjournal in higher plants by carbon dioxide[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 1996,7(1/2):1-26.
[36]	宗亦臣, 王贵禧, 冯双庆. 气调贮藏过程中冬枣果实的几种生理变化[J]. 林业科学研究, 2005,18(3):292-295.
	ZONG Y C, WANG G X, FENG S Q. Physiological changes of ‘Dongzao’ jujube during the controlled atmosphere storage[J]. Forest Research, 2005,18(3):292-295.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[37]	王亮, 赵迎丽, 张晓宇, 等. 气调贮藏对冬枣采后生理及有害物质积累的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2008,24(9):78-83.
	WANG L, ZHAO Y L, ZHANG X Y, et al. Effect of CA storage on post-harvest physiology and accumulation of hazardous substances of Dongzao jujube fruit[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2008,24(9):78-83.(in Chinese with English abstract)

不同气体成分贮藏对狗头枣鲜果生理变化与品质的影响

Effects of different gas composition storage on physiological changes and quality of Dog-head jujube fruit

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 16

参考文献 37

相关文章 5

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	朱伟成, 郜海燕, 韩延超, 李大祥, 陈杭君. 不同预冷方式对茭白采后降温速度和贮藏品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2020, 32(10): 1873-1879.
[2]	杨晋恒, 郜海燕, 周拥军, 陈杭君, 穆宏磊, 汪伟. 臭氧处理对香菇采后品质与生理的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2017, 29(7): 1201-1207.
[3]	王健，宋亚，方佳宁，杨静*. 植酸处理对鲜切紫甘蓝品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2015, 27(11): 2017-.
[4]	朱丽娅1，2，郜海燕2，陈杭君2，*，房祥军2. 温度对冷冻干燥草莓果粉贮藏品质的影响 [J]. 浙江农业学报, 2014, 26(6): 1622-.
[5]	戚行江;王连平;梁森苗;周利秋;柴雪芹. 杨梅气调贮藏保鲜后果实真菌区系研究[J]. , 2003, 15(1): 0-30.