中国小麦生产的磷肥用量优化潜力及其对产量、籽粒营养和环境效应的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.08.02

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 1358-1366.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.08.02

中国小麦生产的磷肥用量优化潜力及其对产量、籽粒营养和环境效应的影响

李顺晋(), 安雨丽, 崔玉涛, 李浩然, 陈新平, 张伟^*()

西南大学资源环境学院,农业科学研究院,重庆 400715

收稿日期:2020-12-21 出版日期:2021-08-25 发布日期:2021-08-27
通讯作者: 张伟
作者简介:*张伟,E-mail: zw0730@swu.edu.cn
李顺晋(1996—),男,安徽安庆人,硕士研究生,主要从事蔬菜养分资源综合管理研究。E-mail: lishunjinswu@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32002139);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(XDJK2019C062);中德国际研究培训计划Sino-German IRTG AMAIZE-P(DFG328017493/GRK2366)

Optimization potential of phosphorus input in wheat production in China and its effects on yield, grain nutrition and ecological environment

LI Shunjin(), AN Yuli, CUI Yutao, LI Haoran, CHEN Xinping, ZHANG Wei^*()

College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China

Received:2020-12-21 Online:2021-08-25 Published:2021-08-27
Contact: ZHANG Wei

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究农田磷肥施用对中国小麦产量、生态环境、人体健康的影响,搜集已发表文献,整合分析磷肥施用对小麦产量的贡献及其影响因素,并基于环境能值分析和三变量锌吸收模型综合评价磷肥施用的环境效应和对籽粒锌营养品质的影响。研究表明:在全国尺度上,磷肥施用致小麦增产21%,实现小麦高产的施磷量(以P₂O₅计,下同)阈值为58.9 kg·hm^-2。不同麦区在土壤条件、气候因素限制下实现小麦高产的施磷量阈值有所不同:华北、西北、长江中下游、西南麦区分别为71.6、58.1、47.8、60.0 kg·hm^-2。与当前的施磷量相比较,在施磷量阈值下,中国小麦生产系统每年可节省磷素投入(以P₂O₅计)82.07万t,可节省由于磷肥导致的综合环境成本3 600万元,提高籽粒锌质量分数3.83 mg·kg^-1,增加锌生物有效性2.87 mg·d^-1。

关键词: 整合分析, 能值分析, 环境成本, 籽粒锌营养

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of phosphorus (P) fertilizer application on wheat yield, ecological environment and human nutrition health in China, a meta-analysis was conducted by collecting published literatures to evaluate the contribution of P input to wheat yield, grain zinc (Zn) nutrition and ecological environment by using environmental energy analysis and Zn absorption model. It was shown that the application of P fertilizer averagely increased wheat yield by 21% on the national scale compared to no P applied, and the threshold of P input (based on P₂O₅, the same as below) for high yield production of wheat was 58.9 kg·hm^-2. Different regions had different thresholds due to various soil conditions and climatic factors. The threshold of P input in north China, northwest China, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the southwest China was 71.6, 58.1, 47.8, 60.0 kg·hm^-2, respectively.Compared to the present P input, the application of threshold of P input could save P fertilizer in the wheat production system in China by 82.07×10⁴ t per year, and it would decrease the comprehensive environmental cost more than 36 million yuan per year. In addition, the Zn mass fraction and bioavailability in wheat grain could be enhanced by 3.83 mg·kg^-1 and 2.87 mg·d^-1, respectively, under thethreshold of P input.

Key words: meta-analysis, energy analysis, environmental cost, grain zinc nutrition

中图分类号:

李顺晋, 安雨丽, 崔玉涛, 李浩然, 陈新平, 张伟. 中国小麦生产的磷肥用量优化潜力及其对产量、籽粒营养和环境效应的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(8): 1358-1366.

LI Shunjin, AN Yuli, CUI Yutao, LI Haoran, CHEN Xinping, ZHANG Wei. Optimization potential of phosphorus input in wheat production in China and its effects on yield, grain nutrition and ecological environment[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(8): 1358-1366.

图/表 5

图1 施用与不施用磷肥的小麦产量箱形框中间的实线代表中位数,空心点代表平均值,上下边缘分别代表全部数据的第75个和第25个百分位数,箱形框上下两条线的边缘分别代表全部数据的第95个和第5个百分位数,上实心点为异常值。括号里的数字表示样本量。箱形框上方无相同字母的表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

Fig.1 Wheat yields with and without P fertilization The dash line represents the median value, and the hollow point represents the average value. The upper and lower edge of the box represent 75% and 25% of the total data, respectively. The upper and lower lines represent 95% and 5% of the total data, respectively. The upper of the solid points represents the vertical outliers. The values in brackets represent the number of samples.Box marked without the same letter indicates significant (P<0.05) difference between treatments.

图2 全国尺度下小麦相对产量对施磷量的响应

Fig.2 Response of relative yield of wheat to P input at national scale

图3 各麦区小麦相对产量对施磷量的响应 a,华北;b,西北;c,长江中下游;d,西南。

Fig.3 Response of relative yield of wheat to P input in different regions a,North China; b,Northwest China; c, The middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River; d, Southwest China.

图4 不同土壤条件下施磷量对小麦增产的效应值括号中的数字为样本量。圆圈上无相同字母的表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

Fig.4 Effect size of P input on wheat yield under different soil conditions Data in the brackets show the sample volume. Circles marked without the same letter indicates significant difference at P<0.05. SOM, Soil organic matter; AP, Available phosphorus.

表1 各麦区优化磷肥投入的潜力及其综合效应

Table 1 Potential and comprehensive effects of P input optimization on wheat production

地区 Region	总播种面积 Total sown area/ (10³ hm²)	平均产量 Average yield/(t· hm^-2)	平均施磷量 Average P₂O₅ input/(kg· hm^-2)	施磷量阈值 Threshold of P₂O₅ input/ (kg·hm^-2)	节肥潜力 Fertilizer saving potential/ (10⁴ t·a^-1)	直接经济成本 Direct economic cost/(10⁸ yuan·a^-1)	综合环境成本 Comprehensive environmental cost/(10⁸ yuan·a^-1)	籽粒锌质量分数 Zn mass fraction in grains/(mg· kg^-1)	籽粒锌生物有效性 Zn bioavailability in grains/ (mg·d^-1)
华北North China	12 155.7	5.90	97.8	71.6	31.92	7.29	0.14	+2.63	+2.18
长江中下游	6 384.9	5.06	95.9	47.8	30.71	7.02	0.13	+4.81	+2.44
Middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River
西北Northwest China	4 061.0	5.43	109.6	58.1	20.93	4.78	0.09	+5.15	+2.47
西南Southwest China	974.2	3.53	44.7	60.0	-1.50	-0.34	-0.01	-1.54	-1.87
合计Total	23 575.8	5.34	94.4	58.9	82.07	18.75	0.36	+3.83	+2.87

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中国小麦生产的磷肥用量优化潜力及其对产量、籽粒营养和环境效应的影响

Optimization potential of phosphorus input in wheat production in China and its effects on yield, grain nutrition and ecological environment

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