全喂入胡麻脱粒清选机的设计与试验

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.04.20

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 831-840.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.04.20

全喂入胡麻脱粒清选机的设计与试验

瞿江飞¹(), 赵武云¹^,^*(), 赵一鸣¹, 戴飞¹, 史瑞杰¹, 李亚军², 付秋锋², 李彦伟²

1.甘肃农业大学机电工程学院,甘肃兰州 730070
2.酒泉奥凯种子机械股份有限公司,甘肃酒泉 730010

收稿日期:2021-04-24 出版日期:2022-04-25 发布日期:2022-04-28
通讯作者: 赵武云
作者简介:*赵武云,E-mail: zhaowy@gsau.edu.cn
瞿江飞(1995—),男,甘肃康县人,硕士,主要从事农业装备研究。E-mail: 1769817736@qq.com
基金资助:
国家特色油料产业技术体系(CARS-14-1-28)

Design and experiment of full feed flax threshing and cleaning machine

QU Jiangfei¹(), ZHAO Wuyun¹^,^*(), ZHAO Yiming¹, DAI Fei¹, SHI Ruijie¹, LI Yajun², FU Qiufeng², LI Yanwei²

1. Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2. Jiuquan Aokai Seed Machinery Co., Ltd., Jiuquan 730010, Gansu, China

Received:2021-04-24 Online:2022-04-25 Published:2022-04-28
Contact: ZHAO Wuyun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对中国西北地区胡麻的收获方式和作物性状,研制全喂入胡麻脱粒清选机。其中,脱粒装置采用纹杆+刀齿组合型的脱粒滚筒与栅格凹板,清选装置采用振动筛+吸杂风机相结合的模式,通过筛选+风选+筛选对组成复杂的胡麻脱粒物料进行清选。基于对胡麻物料生物特性的测定,确定全喂入胡麻脱粒清选机关键部件参数,并应用流场分析进行数值模拟分析。样机试验结果表明:作业样机的脱净率为97.27%,含杂率为2.74%,破碎率为1.86%,损失率为3.25%,可满足胡麻脱粒清选作业的性能要求。

关键词: 胡麻, 脱粒, 清选, 流场分析

Abstract:

Based on the harvest mode and flax characteristics in northwest China, a full feed flax threshing and cleaning machine was developed. The threshing device adopted the threshing drum consisting of corrugated rod and cutter teeth, and grid concave, while the cleaning device adopted the combination mode of vibrating screen and suction fan. The complex materials were threshed and cleaned through screening and air separation and screening. The biological characteristics of flax were measured, and the key component parameters of the full feed flax threshing and cleaning machine were determined according to the measured data, and were numerically simulated by flow field analysis. The results of the prototype test showed that the removal rate of the working prototype was 97.27%, the impurity content was 2.74%, the crushing rate was 1.86%, and the loss rate was 3.25%, which met the requirements of the operation performance standard.

Key words: flax, threshing, cleaning, flow field analysis

中图分类号:

S225.2

瞿江飞, 赵武云, 赵一鸣, 戴飞, 史瑞杰, 李亚军, 付秋锋, 李彦伟. 全喂入胡麻脱粒清选机的设计与试验[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(4): 831-840.

QU Jiangfei, ZHAO Wuyun, ZHAO Yiming, DAI Fei, SHI Ruijie, LI Yajun, FU Qiufeng, LI Yanwei. Design and experiment of full feed flax threshing and cleaning machine[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(4): 831-840.

图/表 9

表1 测定的胡麻参数

Table 1 Measured parameters of flax

指标Index	参数Parameter
茎秆整株平均长度Average length of whole stalk/mm	448.2
茎秆(人工去叶、枝)平均长度Average length of stalk (artificial removal of leaf and branch)/mm	221.7
茎秆平均直径Average diameter of stalk/mm	2.11
单株平均结果穗数Average number of spikelets per plant	20.2
蒴果平均尺寸Average size of capsule/(mm×mm×mm)	8.15×7.83×7.48
茎秆含水率Stem moisture content/%	9.52

表2 胡麻茎秆各部位的生物力学特性

Table 2 Parameters of biomechanical properties of different parts of flax stalk

部位 Site	拉伸弹性模量 Tensile modulus of elasticity/ MPa	抗拉强度 Tensile strength/ MPa	最大拉伸力 Maximum tensile force/N	弯曲弹性模量 Bending modulus of elasticity/MPa	抗弯强度 Bending strength/ MPa	最大弯曲力 Maximum bending force/N	剪切强度 Shear strength/ MPa	剪切最大载荷 Maximum shear load/N
上部Upper part	5 278.63	64.03	56.19	56.65	0.54	5.69	0.12	18.89
中部Central part	9 668.95	190.27	186.66	120.19	1.73	15.34	0.18	28.58
下部Lower part	3 708.06	74.77	169.90	109.70	2.46	20.50	0.31	49.01

图1 全喂入胡麻脱粒清选机的结构示意图 1,固定支撑;2,行走轮;3,支撑机架;4,出粮口;5,物料置放台;6,吸杂风机;7,滚筒保护壳;8,脱粒滚筒;9,喂料口;10,传动机构保护壳;11,发动机;12,牵引机架;13,排杂口;14,长茎秆排草口;15,栅格凹板。

Fig.1 Structure diagram of full feed flax threshing and cleaning machine 1, Fixed support; 2, Walking wheel; 3, Support frame; 4, Grain outlet; 5, Material placement table; 6, Impurity suction fan; 7, Roller protective shell; 8, Threshing drum; 9, Feeding port; 10, Protective shell of ransmission mechanism; 11, Engine; 12, Traction frame; 13, Trash outlet; 14, Long stalk outlet; 15, Grid concave.

表3 全喂入胡麻脱粒清选机的主要技术参数

Table 3 Main technical parameters of full feed flax threshing and cleaning machine

指标Index	参数Parameter
整机尺寸(长×宽×高)Overall size (length×width×height)/(mm×mm×mm)	2 080×1 830×1 250
整机(不含底盘轮胎)质量Overall weight (excluding chassis tires)/kg	260
滚筒型式Drum type	纹杆+刀齿组合型 Combined with corrugated rod and cutter teeth
清选型式Cleaning type	凹板筛+振动筛+吸杂风机 Concave screen+vibrating screen+suction fan
电机功率Motor power/kW	7.5
滚筒转速Drum rotation speed/(r·min^-1)	0~1 040
振动筛前后振幅Front and back amplitude of vibrating screen/mm	0~30
吸杂风机变频频率Conversion frequency of suction fan/Hz	0~55
风机类型Fan type	离心式Centrifugal type
脱粒间隙Threshing clearance/mm	16~25
生产率Productivity/(kg·h^-1)	500~1 200

图2 脱粒滚筒结构的示意图(左)与实物图(右) 1,刀齿;2,切刀;3,支撑圈;4,刀齿安装板;5,排草板;6,纹杆支撑;7,纹杆;8脱粒滚筒轴。

Fig.2 Structure diagram (left) and photo (right) of threshing drum 1, Cutter teeth; 2, Cutter; 3, Support ring; 4, Cutter tooth mounting plate; 5, Straw board; 6, Corrugated rod support; 7, Corrugated rod; 8, Threshing drum shaft.

图3 栅格凹板结构的示意图(左)与实物图(右) 1,侧弧板;2,横格板;3,钢丝;4,安装孔。

Fig.3 Structure diagram (left) and photo (right) of grid concave 1, Side arc plate;2, Transverse grid;3, Steel wire;4, Mounting hole.

图4 振动筛结构示意图(左侧为俯视图,右侧为正视图) 1,轻质杂物筛网;2,出粮口;3,出杂口;4,挡板;5,籽粒筛网;6,摆杆安装座。

Fig.4 Structure diagram of vibrating screen (top view on the left, front view on the right) 1, Light debris screen; 2, Grain outlet; 3, Impurity outlet; 4, Baffle; 5, Grain screen; 6, Swing rod mounting seat.

图5 吸杂风机结构的示意图(左)与实物图(右) 1,进风口风量调节;2,风量调节固定螺母;3,风机出风口;4,风机外壳;5,风量调节插板。

Fig.5 Structure diagram (left) and photo (right) of suction fan 1, Air volume adjustment of air inlet; 2, Air volume adjustment fixing nut; 3, Fan outlet; 4, Fan housing; 5, Air volume regulating plug board.

图6 样机性能试验(左)与出料口物料采样(右)照片

Fig.6 Photos of prototype performance test (left) and material sampling at outlet (right)

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全喂入胡麻脱粒清选机的设计与试验

Design and experiment of full feed flax threshing and cleaning machine

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