115份贵州茶树资源氨基酸和茶氨酸分析与特异资源筛选

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.07.01

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (7): 1351-1360.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.07.01

115份贵州茶树资源氨基酸和茶氨酸分析与特异资源筛选

杨春(), 乔大河, 郭燕, 梁思慧, 林开勤, 陈正武()

贵州省农业科学院茶叶研究所,贵州贵阳 550006

收稿日期:2021-09-15 出版日期:2022-07-25 发布日期:2022-07-26
通讯作者: 陈正武
作者简介:* 陈正武,E-mail: zwchentea@163.com
杨春(1988—),女,湖南益阳人,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向为茶树资源育种。E-mail: 610681998@qq.com
基金资助:
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-19);贵州省科技计划(黔科合平台人才〔2020〕2103);贵州省科技计划(黔科合支撑〔2021〕一般189)

Analysis into amino acids and theanine contents of 115 tea germplasms and special germplasm resource screening in Guizhou, China

YANG Chun(), QIAO Dahe, GUO Yan, LIANG Sihui, LIN Kaiqin, CHEN Zhengwu()

Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China

Received:2021-09-15 Online:2022-07-25 Published:2022-07-26
Contact: CHEN Zhengwu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为筛选高氨基酸和高茶氨酸茶树资源,探明贵州茶树资源氨基酸和茶氨酸特性,本研究分别利用分光光度法和高效液相色谱法测定115份贵州地方茶树资源春季一芽二叶生化样的氨基酸总量和茶氨酸含量。结果表明:115份茶树资源的氨基酸总量在0.95%~7.96%,平均值为3.40%;茶氨酸含量在0~3.80%,平均值为1.58%;茶氨酸占比在0~67.66%,且集中分布于40%~<60%。在这115份茶树资源中,发现特异高氨基酸(氨基酸总量≥5%)茶树资源11份、特异高茶氨酸(茶氨酸含量≥3%)茶树资源3份。不同地方的茶树资源,其氨基酸总量和茶氨酸含量存在较大差异,其中,贵定、黎平和石阡的茶树资源表现出较高的氨基酸总量和茶氨酸含量,而三都和普安的茶树资源氨基酸总量和茶氨酸含量显著(P<0.05)低于其他地方。来自三都的突肋茶(Camellia costata)资源表现出更原始的生化性状,均未检测出茶氨酸。聚类分析结果显示,115份茶树资源可分为5类,其中,石苔14号以远高于其他资源的氨基酸总量和茶氨酸含量单独分为一类。

关键词: 贵州, 茶树资源, 氨基酸, 茶氨酸

Abstract:

In order to screen special tea germplasms with high contents of amino acids and theanine, and to ascertain the characteristics of amino acids and theanine in tea germplasms in Guizhou, the total amino acids content and theanine content of one bud and two leaves from spring shoots of 115 tea germplasms were determined by spectrophotometer and high performance liquid chromatography, respectively. It was shown that the contents of total amino acids ranged from 0.95% to 7.96%, with an average of 3.40%, the content of theanine ranged from 0 to 3.80%, with an average of 1.58%, and the theanine proportion ranged from 0 to 67.66%, and the majority was 40%-<60%. In the 115 tea germplasms, 11 were identified as special germplasms with high amino acids content (≥5%), and 3 were identified as special germplasms with high theanine content (≥3%). The contents of total amino acids and theanine varied in tea germplasms collected from different sources. The tea germplasms from Guiding, Liping and Shiqian showed relatively higher contents of total amino acids and theanine, while the contents of total amino acids and theanine in the tea germplasms from Sandu and Pu’an were significantly (P<0.05) lower than the others. Camellia costata collected from Sandu showed primitive biochemical characters without detection of theanine. By cluster analysis, the 115 tea germplasms could be divided into five categories. Among these categories, Shitai14 was separated individually due to its high contents of total amino acids and theanine.

Key words: Guizhou, tea germplasms, amino acids, theanine

中图分类号:

S571.1

杨春, 乔大河, 郭燕, 梁思慧, 林开勤, 陈正武. 115份贵州茶树资源氨基酸和茶氨酸分析与特异资源筛选[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(7): 1351-1360.

YANG Chun, QIAO Dahe, GUO Yan, LIANG Sihui, LIN Kaiqin, CHEN Zhengwu. Analysis into amino acids and theanine contents of 115 tea germplasms and special germplasm resource screening in Guizhou, China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(7): 1351-1360.

图/表 9

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编号 No.	来源地 Origin	状态 Status	材料名称 Name
GT1~GT16	湄潭Meitan	A	湄潭苔茶1 Meitantaicha1、湄潭苔茶2 Meitantaicha2、福选8号Fuxuan8、福选16号Fuxuan16、福选3号Fuxuan3、福选4号Fuxuan4、福选7号Fuxuan7、福选10号Fuxuan10、福选17号Fuxuan17、苗圃10号Miaopu10、苗圃7号Miaopu7、苗圃3号Miaopu3、苗圃2号Miaopu2、青禾08-01 Qinghe08-01、黔湄303 Qianmei303、F2-2
GT17~GT19	贵定Guiding	A	贵定鸟王种Guidingniaowangzhong、鸟王种2号Niaowangzhong2、鸟王种1号Niaowangzhong1
GT20~GT38	石阡Shiqian	A	本庄1号Benzhuang1、本庄2号Benzhuang2、本庄3号Benzhuang3、本庄5号Benzhuang5、本庄6号Benzhuang6、平贯12号Pingguan12、石苔12号Shitai12、石苔13号Shitai13、石苔14-04-3 Shitai14-04-3、石苔14号Shitai14、石苔17-2 Shitai17-2、石苔1号Shitai1、石苔2号Shitai2、石苔3号Shitai3、石苔4号Shitai4、石苔万家田Shitaiwanjiatian、石苔伍德1号Shitaiwude1、石苔伍德23号Shitaiwude23、伍德21号Wude21
GT39~GT45	沿河Yanhe	A	铜沿00993 Tongyan00993、铜沿667 Tongyan667、铜沿00961 Tongyan00961、铜沿668 Tongyan668、铜沿05 Tongyan05、铜沿1095 Tongyan1095、铜沿01041 Tongyan01041
GT46~GT59	黎平Liping	B	LP-12、LP050、LP051、LP052、LP053、LP054、LP055、LP056、LP057、LP059、LP060、LP061、LP062、LP063
GT60~GT79	望谟Wangmo	B	WM01、WM02、WM03、WM04、WM05、WM06、WM07、WM08、WM09、WM10、WM11、WM12、WM13、WM14、WM15、WM16、WM17、WM18、WM19、WM20
GT80~GT95	三都Sandu	C	SD-2、SD-3、SD-4、SD-6、SD-7、SD-19、SD-20、SD-20-1、SD-20-2、SD-20-3、SD-20-4、SD-20-5、SD-26、SD-28、SD-29、SD-30
GT96~GT115	普安Pu’an	C	PA02、PA07、PA15、PA16、PA17、PA19、PA21、PA26、PA29、PA30、PA43、PA44、PA47、PA56、PA62、PA70、PA71、PA90、PA111、PA203

编号 No.	来源地 Origin	状态 Status	材料名称 Name
GT1~GT16	湄潭Meitan	A	湄潭苔茶1 Meitantaicha1、湄潭苔茶2 Meitantaicha2、福选8号Fuxuan8、福选16号Fuxuan16、福选3号Fuxuan3、福选4号Fuxuan4、福选7号Fuxuan7、福选10号Fuxuan10、福选17号Fuxuan17、苗圃10号Miaopu10、苗圃7号Miaopu7、苗圃3号Miaopu3、苗圃2号Miaopu2、青禾08-01 Qinghe08-01、黔湄303 Qianmei303、F2-2
GT17~GT19	贵定Guiding	A	贵定鸟王种Guidingniaowangzhong、鸟王种2号Niaowangzhong2、鸟王种1号Niaowangzhong1
GT20~GT38	石阡Shiqian	A	本庄1号Benzhuang1、本庄2号Benzhuang2、本庄3号Benzhuang3、本庄5号Benzhuang5、本庄6号Benzhuang6、平贯12号Pingguan12、石苔12号Shitai12、石苔13号Shitai13、石苔14-04-3 Shitai14-04-3、石苔14号Shitai14、石苔17-2 Shitai17-2、石苔1号Shitai1、石苔2号Shitai2、石苔3号Shitai3、石苔4号Shitai4、石苔万家田Shitaiwanjiatian、石苔伍德1号Shitaiwude1、石苔伍德23号Shitaiwude23、伍德21号Wude21
GT39~GT45	沿河Yanhe	A	铜沿00993 Tongyan00993、铜沿667 Tongyan667、铜沿00961 Tongyan00961、铜沿668 Tongyan668、铜沿05 Tongyan05、铜沿1095 Tongyan1095、铜沿01041 Tongyan01041
GT46~GT59	黎平Liping	B	LP-12、LP050、LP051、LP052、LP053、LP054、LP055、LP056、LP057、LP059、LP060、LP061、LP062、LP063
GT60~GT79	望谟Wangmo	B	WM01、WM02、WM03、WM04、WM05、WM06、WM07、WM08、WM09、WM10、WM11、WM12、WM13、WM14、WM15、WM16、WM17、WM18、WM19、WM20
GT80~GT95	三都Sandu	C	SD-2、SD-3、SD-4、SD-6、SD-7、SD-19、SD-20、SD-20-1、SD-20-2、SD-20-3、SD-20-4、SD-20-5、SD-26、SD-28、SD-29、SD-30
GT96~GT115	普安Pu’an	C	PA02、PA07、PA15、PA16、PA17、PA19、PA21、PA26、PA29、PA30、PA43、PA44、PA47、PA56、PA62、PA70、PA71、PA90、PA111、PA203

编号 No.	氨基酸总量 Total amino acids content	茶氨酸含量 Theanine content	茶氨酸占比 Theanine proportion	编号 No.	氨基酸总量 Total amino acids content	茶氨酸含量 Theanine content	茶氨酸占比 Theanine proportion
GT1	3.99	1.90	47.50	GT59	4.30	2.69	62.49
GT2	2.88	1.27	43.95	GT60	4.56	2.25	49.23
GT3	3.33	1.60	48.00	GT61	4.69	2.56	54.65
GT4	3.99	2.24	56.05	GT62	4.41	2.27	51.47
GT5	3.82	1.71	44.63	GT63	3.60	1.58	43.89
GT6	4.08	2.01	49.14	GT64	2.26	0.79	34.96
GT7	3.39	1.52	44.72	GT65	4.97	2.39	48.09
GT8	3.40	1.33	39.09	GT66	2.59	1.19	45.95
GT9	4.03	1.88	46.67	GT67	3.83	2.10	54.83
GT10	3.70	1.92	51.86	GT68	3.38	1.47	43.49
GT11	2.24	1.33	59.20	GT69	3.77	1.63	43.24
GT12	3.17	1.66	52.33	GT70	2.76	1.24	44.93
GT13	2.47	1.29	52.19	GT71	2.34	0.85	36.32
GT14	3.97	2.20	55.29	GT72	2.73	1.26	46.15
GT15	4.15	2.19	52.70	GT73	1.82	0.55	30.22
GT16	3.72	1.93	51.85	GT74	4.95	2.63	53.13
GT17	5.20	2.54	48.79	GT75	3.27	1.51	46.18
GT18	4.89	2.61	53.29	GT76	3.32	1.82	54.82
GT19	5.47	2.95	53.84	GT77	5.79	3.80	65.63
GT20	4.70	2.28	48.51	GT78	1.60	0.77	48.13
GT21	5.23	2.79	53.31	GT79	3.89	1.97	50.67
GT22	5.34	2.78	52.13	GT80	1.61	—	—
GT23	3.84	2.02	52.66	GT81	1.43	—	—
GT24	3.60	1.83	50.94	GT82	1.63	—	—
GT25	3.89	1.96	50.49	GT83	1.42	—	—
GT26	3.95	1.92	48.54	GT84	1.17	—	—
GT27	4.89	2.14	43.68	GT85	0.95	—	—
GT28	3.67	1.81	49.35	GT86	1.00	—	—
GT29	7.96	3.59	45.05	GT87	1.62	—	—
GT30	4.90	2.67	54.53	GT88	1.17	—	—
GT31	4.20	1.91	45.40	GT89	1.13	—	—
GT32	5.65	2.95	52.14	GT90	1.34	—	—
GT33	4.86	2.33	47.88	GT91	1.47	—	—
GT34	4.65	2.18	46.98	GT92	1.06	—	—
GT35	4.22	2.07	49.00	GT93	1.57	—	—
GT36	3.70	1.89	51.07	GT94	1.03	—	—
GT37	3.94	1.82	46.17	GT95	1.36	—	—
GT38	4.59	2.17	47.28	GT96	3.43	1.75	50.94
GT39	5.17	2.31	44.59	GT97	2.43	0.52	21.23
GT40	3.96	1.81	45.77	GT98	2.64	1.23	46.43
GT41	2.94	1.52	51.84	GT99	2.69	0.93	34.45
GT42	5.74	2.95	51.44	GT100	1.92	0.15	8.03
GT43	3.43	2.12	61.91	GT101	2.63	1.06	40.26
GT44	3.87	1.99	51.38	GT102	3.64	1.92	52.66
GT45	3.75	2.13	56.74	GT103	2.40	1.06	44.05
GT46	4.44	2.68	60.34	GT104	3.07	1.22	39.86
GT47	4.96	3.36	67.66	GT105	2.70	1.13	41.69
GT48	5.06	2.20	43.54	GT106	1.61	0.12	7.53
GT49	4.85	2.62	54.02	GT107	1.69	0.45	26.90
编号 No.	氨基酸总量 Total amino acids content	茶氨酸含量 Theanine content	茶氨酸占比 Theanine proportion	编号 No.	氨基酸总量 Total amino acids content	茶氨酸含量 Theanine content	茶氨酸占比 Theanine proportion
GT50	4.65	1.75	37.53	GT108	2.68	1.48	55.36
GT51	4.71	2.72	57.81	GT109	2.35	0.76	32.34
GT52	5.46	2.86	52.45	GT110	2.95	1.48	50.20
GT53	4.26	2.41	56.57	GT111	1.37	0.35	25.65
GT54	4.98	2.75	55.18	GT112	1.11	0.08	7.65
GT55	3.57	2.29	64.06	GT113	1.58	0.79	50.16
GT56	4.58	2.59	56.64	GT114	1.04	0.18	17.78
GT57	4.48	2.30	51.43	GT115	1.50	0.16	10.68
GT58	4.72	2.69	56.99

编号 No.	氨基酸总量 Total amino acids content	茶氨酸含量 Theanine content	茶氨酸占比 Theanine proportion	编号 No.	氨基酸总量 Total amino acids content	茶氨酸含量 Theanine content	茶氨酸占比 Theanine proportion
GT1	3.99	1.90	47.50	GT59	4.30	2.69	62.49
GT2	2.88	1.27	43.95	GT60	4.56	2.25	49.23
GT3	3.33	1.60	48.00	GT61	4.69	2.56	54.65
GT4	3.99	2.24	56.05	GT62	4.41	2.27	51.47
GT5	3.82	1.71	44.63	GT63	3.60	1.58	43.89
GT6	4.08	2.01	49.14	GT64	2.26	0.79	34.96
GT7	3.39	1.52	44.72	GT65	4.97	2.39	48.09
GT8	3.40	1.33	39.09	GT66	2.59	1.19	45.95
GT9	4.03	1.88	46.67	GT67	3.83	2.10	54.83
GT10	3.70	1.92	51.86	GT68	3.38	1.47	43.49
GT11	2.24	1.33	59.20	GT69	3.77	1.63	43.24
GT12	3.17	1.66	52.33	GT70	2.76	1.24	44.93
GT13	2.47	1.29	52.19	GT71	2.34	0.85	36.32
GT14	3.97	2.20	55.29	GT72	2.73	1.26	46.15
GT15	4.15	2.19	52.70	GT73	1.82	0.55	30.22
GT16	3.72	1.93	51.85	GT74	4.95	2.63	53.13
GT17	5.20	2.54	48.79	GT75	3.27	1.51	46.18
GT18	4.89	2.61	53.29	GT76	3.32	1.82	54.82
GT19	5.47	2.95	53.84	GT77	5.79	3.80	65.63
GT20	4.70	2.28	48.51	GT78	1.60	0.77	48.13
GT21	5.23	2.79	53.31	GT79	3.89	1.97	50.67
GT22	5.34	2.78	52.13	GT80	1.61	—	—
GT23	3.84	2.02	52.66	GT81	1.43	—	—
GT24	3.60	1.83	50.94	GT82	1.63	—	—
GT25	3.89	1.96	50.49	GT83	1.42	—	—
GT26	3.95	1.92	48.54	GT84	1.17	—	—
GT27	4.89	2.14	43.68	GT85	0.95	—	—
GT28	3.67	1.81	49.35	GT86	1.00	—	—
GT29	7.96	3.59	45.05	GT87	1.62	—	—
GT30	4.90	2.67	54.53	GT88	1.17	—	—
GT31	4.20	1.91	45.40	GT89	1.13	—	—
GT32	5.65	2.95	52.14	GT90	1.34	—	—
GT33	4.86	2.33	47.88	GT91	1.47	—	—
GT34	4.65	2.18	46.98	GT92	1.06	—	—
GT35	4.22	2.07	49.00	GT93	1.57	—	—
GT36	3.70	1.89	51.07	GT94	1.03	—	—
GT37	3.94	1.82	46.17	GT95	1.36	—	—
GT38	4.59	2.17	47.28	GT96	3.43	1.75	50.94
GT39	5.17	2.31	44.59	GT97	2.43	0.52	21.23
GT40	3.96	1.81	45.77	GT98	2.64	1.23	46.43
GT41	2.94	1.52	51.84	GT99	2.69	0.93	34.45
GT42	5.74	2.95	51.44	GT100	1.92	0.15	8.03
GT43	3.43	2.12	61.91	GT101	2.63	1.06	40.26
GT44	3.87	1.99	51.38	GT102	3.64	1.92	52.66
GT45	3.75	2.13	56.74	GT103	2.40	1.06	44.05
GT46	4.44	2.68	60.34	GT104	3.07	1.22	39.86
GT47	4.96	3.36	67.66	GT105	2.70	1.13	41.69
GT48	5.06	2.20	43.54	GT106	1.61	0.12	7.53
GT49	4.85	2.62	54.02	GT107	1.69	0.45	26.90
编号 No.	氨基酸总量 Total amino acids content	茶氨酸含量 Theanine content	茶氨酸占比 Theanine proportion	编号 No.	氨基酸总量 Total amino acids content	茶氨酸含量 Theanine content	茶氨酸占比 Theanine proportion
GT50	4.65	1.75	37.53	GT108	2.68	1.48	55.36
GT51	4.71	2.72	57.81	GT109	2.35	0.76	32.34
GT52	5.46	2.86	52.45	GT110	2.95	1.48	50.20
GT53	4.26	2.41	56.57	GT111	1.37	0.35	25.65
GT54	4.98	2.75	55.18	GT112	1.11	0.08	7.65
GT55	3.57	2.29	64.06	GT113	1.58	0.79	50.16
GT56	4.58	2.59	56.64	GT114	1.04	0.18	17.78
GT57	4.48	2.30	51.43	GT115	1.50	0.16	10.68
GT58	4.72	2.69	56.99

指标 Index	最小值 Minimum/%	最大值 Maximum/%	平均值 Mean/%	标准差 Standard deviation/%	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%	H'
氨基酸总量Total amino acids content	0.95	7.96	3.40	1.41	41.61	1.998
茶氨酸含量Theanine content	0	3.80	1.58	0.97	61.47	1.957
茶氨酸占比Theanine proportion	0	67.66	40.32	19.52	48.41	1.344

115份贵州茶树资源氨基酸和茶氨酸分析与特异资源筛选

Analysis into amino acids and theanine contents of 115 tea germplasms and special germplasm resource screening in Guizhou, China

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来源地 Source	氨基酸总量Total amino acids/%				茶氨酸Theanine/%
来源地 Source	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation
湄潭Meitan	2.24	4.15	3.52 c	0.58	1.27	2.24	1.75 c	0.33
贵定Guiding	4.89	5.47	5.19 a	0.29	2.54	2.95	2.70 a	0.22
石阡Shiqian	3.60	7.96	4.62 ab	1.01	1.81	3.59	2.27 ab	0.48
沿河Yanhe	2.94	5.74	4.12 bc	0.98	1.52	2.95	2.12 bc	0.45
黎平Liping	3.57	5.46	4.64 ab	0.45	1.75	3.36	2.57 ab	0.37
望谟Wangmo	1.60	5.79	3.53 c	1.14	0.55	3.8	1.73 c	0.79
三都Sandu	0.95	1.63	1.31 e	0.24	—	—	—	—
普安Pu’an	1.04	3.64	2.27 d	0.75	0.08	1.92	0.84 d	0.57

类群 Group	数量 Quantity	氨基酸总量Total amino acids content/%			茶氨酸含量Theanine content/%
类群 Group	数量 Quantity	范围 Range	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	范围 Range	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation
Ⅰ	33	4.26~5.79	4.91 a	0.40	1.75~3.80	2.58 a	0.38
Ⅱ	1	7.96	—	—	3.59	—	—
Ⅲ	37	3.07~4.22	3.72 b	0.30	1.22~2.29	1.85 b	0.25
Ⅳ	18	2.24~2.95	2.59 c	0.22	0.52~1.52	1.13 c	0.28
Ⅴ	26	0.95~1.92	1.39 d	0.27	0~0.79	0.14 d	0.24

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