氮素水平对潮土氨氧化微生物和硝化作用的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.09.19

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (9): 2004-2012.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.09.19

氮素水平对潮土氨氧化微生物和硝化作用的影响

陈照明¹(), 王强¹^,^*(), 李燕丽², 张金萍¹^,³, 冯江², 刘涛², 俞巧钢¹, 马军伟¹

1.浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所,浙江杭州 310021
2.长江大学农学院,湖北荆州 434023
3.浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,浙江杭州 311300

收稿日期:2021-09-03 出版日期:2022-09-25 发布日期:2022-09-30
通讯作者: 王强
作者简介:*王强,E-mail:qwang0571@126.com
陈照明(1986—),男,浙江义乌人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事农田氮素循环机制研究。E-mail:chenzm@zaas.ac.cn
基金资助:
浙江省自然科学基金(LQ19C150005);浙江省重点研发计划(2019C02017);浙江省重点研发计划(2020C02030-06);浙江省重点研发计划(2021C02035);黄岩区农业绿色发展先行先试支撑体系建设服务项目(HY202001)

Effects of nitrogen levels on ammonia oxidizers and nitrification in fluvo-aquic soil

CHEN Zhaoming¹(), WANG Qiang¹^,^*(), LI Yanli², ZHANG Jinping¹^,³, FENG Jiang², LIU Tao², YU Qiaogang¹, MA Junwei¹

1. Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
2. College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei, China
3. College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China

Received:2021-09-03 Online:2022-09-25 Published:2022-09-30
Contact: WANG Qiang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了明确不同氮素水平对土壤硝化作用和氨氧化微生物的影响,特别是高氮水平下氨氧化细菌(AOB)和氨氧化古菌(AOA)的响应特异性,以潮土为供试土壤,以尿素和硫酸铵作为氮源,设置5个氮素水平(以N计,分别为0、150、300、600、1 200 mg·kg^-1,相应地,记为N0、N150、N300、N600、N1200),进行28 d的微宇宙培养,研究不同氮素水平下尿素和硫酸铵对土壤AOB、AOA丰度和土壤硝化作用的影响。结果表明,添加氮肥显著(P<0.05)降低了土壤pH值,至培养结束时(28 d),土壤pH值随氮素水平增加而降低。培养结束时,各加氮处理的土壤$NH_{4}^{+}$-N含量都处于较低水平(0.72~2.01 mg·kg^-1)。与N0处理相比,添加尿素或硫酸铵增加了AOB amoA基因拷贝数,且AOB amoA基因拷贝数随氮素水平增加而增加;但施用氮肥对AOA amoA基因拷贝数无显著影响。土壤平均净硝化速率随氮素水平的增加而增加,且同一氮素水平下,尿素处理的土壤平均净硝化速率高于硫酸铵处理。相关关系分析发现,土壤$NO_{2}^{-}$-N+$NO_{3}^{-}$-N含量与AOB amoA基因拷贝数呈显著(P<0.05)正相关关系,与AOA amoA基因拷贝数无显著相关性,说明AOB在潮土硝化作用中起主导作用。综上,高氮水平并未抑制潮土的硝化作用,反而促进了土壤硝化作用,且该过程主要由AOB主导。研究结果可为潮土上氮肥的科学管理提供理论基础。

关键词: 潮土, 氮素水平, 氨氧化细菌, 氨氧化古菌, 硝化作用

Abstract:

To clarify the effects of nitrogen (N) levels on soil nitrification and ammonia oxidizers, especially the response of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) to high N levels, a 28-day microcosm incubation test was conducted to investigate the effect of urea and ammonium sulfate on the abundance of AOB, AOA and soil nitrification in fluvo-aquic soil. Soils were added with N levels of 0, 150, 300, 600, 1 200 mg kg^-1, which were termed as N0, N150, N300, N600 and N1200, respectively. The results showed that soil pH was significantly (P<0.05) decreased with N addition as compared with N0 treatment, and soil pH decreased with the increasing N levels at the end of incubation (28 d). Soil $NH_{4}^{+}$-N concentrations reached a relatively low level at the end of incubation with N addition, which was ranged from 0.72 to 2.01 mg kg^-1. Compared to the N0 treatment, addition of urea or ammonium sulfate increased the AOB amoA gene copies, which increased with the increasing N levels. Meanwhile, AOA amoA gene copies did not respond to N additions. The average net nitrification rate increased with the increasing N levels, and it was higher with urea addition than that with ammonium sulfate addition under the same N level. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that soil $NO_{2}^{-}$-N+$NO_{3}^{-}$-N concentration was significantly (P<0.05) positively correlated with AOB amoA gene copies other than AOA amoA gene copies, indicating that AOB dominated the soil nitrification in fluvo-aquic soil. Overall, high-level N additions did not inhibit but stimulate the nitrification of fluvo-aquic soil, and the nitrification was dominated by AOB. The results could provide theoretical support for N fertilizer management in fluvo-aquic soil.

Key words: fluvo-aquic soil, nitrogen levels, ammonia oxidizing bacteria, ammonia oxidizing archaea, nitrification

中图分类号:

S154.3

陈照明, 王强, 李燕丽, 张金萍, 冯江, 刘涛, 俞巧钢, 马军伟. 氮素水平对潮土氨氧化微生物和硝化作用的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(9): 2004-2012.

CHEN Zhaoming, WANG Qiang, LI Yanli, ZHANG Jinping, FENG Jiang, LIU Tao, YU Qiaogang, MA Junwei. Effects of nitrogen levels on ammonia oxidizers and nitrification in fluvo-aquic soil[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(9): 2004-2012.

图/表 5

图1 不同尿素(a)或硫酸铵(b)浓度下土壤pH值的变化

Fig.1 Dynamic of soil pH under addition of different amounts of urea (a) or ammonium sulfate (b)

图2 尿素(a, c)或硫酸铵(b, d)处理下土壤$NH_{4}^{+}$-N(a, b)和$NO_{2}^{-}$-N+$NO_{3}^{-}$-N含量(c, d)的变化

Fig.2 Dynamics of $NH_{4}^{+}$-N (a, b) and $NO_{2}^{-}$-N+$NO_{3}^{-}$-N contents (c, d) in soils under urea (a, c) or ammonium sulfate (b, d) treatments

图3 尿素(a、c)或硫酸铵(b、d)处理下土壤氨氧化古菌(a、b)和氨氧化细菌(c、d)amoA基因拷贝数的变化

Fig.3 Dynamics of amoA gene copies of ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) (a, b) and ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) (c, d) in soils under urea (a, c) or ammonium sulfate (b, d) treatments

图4 尿素(a、b)或硫酸铵(c、d)处理下土壤$NO_{2}^{-}$-N+$NO_{3}^{-}$-N含量与氨氧化古菌(a、c)和氨氧化细菌(b、d)amoA基因拷贝数的相关关系

Fig.4 Relationship of soil $NO_{2}^{-}$-N+$NO_{3}^{-}$-N content with amoA gene copies of ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) (a, c) and ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) (b, d) in soils under urea (a, b) or ammonium sulfate (c, d) treatments

图5 不同尿素或硫酸铵浓度对潮土平均净硝化速率的影响柱上无相同字母的表示同一肥料下不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

Fig.5 Effects of different amounts of urea or ammonium sulfate on average net nitrification rate of fluvo-aquic soil Bars marked without the same letters indicated significant difference at P <0.05 under addition of either urea or ammonium sulfate.

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氮素水平对潮土氨氧化微生物和硝化作用的影响

Effects of nitrogen levels on ammonia oxidizers and nitrification in fluvo-aquic soil

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