一种基于开放气室的土壤呼吸监测装置

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221470

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (9): 2181-2191.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221470

一种基于开放气室的土壤呼吸监测装置

谷恪忱(), 姜俊杰, 潘辰昕, 孙麒淞, 尹文杰, 胡军国()

浙江农林大学数学与计算机科学学院,浙江杭州 311300

收稿日期:2022-10-24 出版日期:2023-09-25 发布日期:2023-10-09
作者简介:谷恪忱(1997—),男,浙江温州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为土壤呼吸计量方法与设备。E-mail:gukechen@stu.zafu.edu.cn
通讯作者: 胡军国,E-mail:hawkhjg@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31971493);国家自然科学基金(31570629)

A soil respiration monitoring equipment based on open chamber method

GU Kechen(), JIANG Junjie, PAN Chenxin, SUN Qisong, YIN Wenjie, HU Junguo()

College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China

Received:2022-10-24 Online:2023-09-25 Published:2023-10-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对传统开放气室需要将气体取样至红外气体分析仪(IRGA)测量CO₂浓度的不便,设计了一种土壤呼吸监测装置,并提出了补偿气体CO₂浓度不稳定时的修正计算方法。通过计算流体力学仿真分析,将一种小巧、轻便、低成本的非色散红外传感器模块布置于气室内部的合适位置,替代IRGA。控制气体流量为3、4、5 L·min^-1,根据仿真软件获得土壤呼吸速率为0.5、2、5、10 μmol·m^-2·s^-1时气室内的CO₂体积分数场。以气室底面中心点为原点建立笛卡尔坐标系,结合传感器模块尺寸分析,发现对于所述气室,由点(-0.046 5,0.071 7, 0.209 0)(单位为m)为球心、直径0.05 m确定的球形区域内,测量CO₂浓度计算土壤呼吸速率的平均误差不超过15%。将布置传感器后的装置与LI-8100开路式土壤碳通量测量系统,以及自制的密闭气室进行实地对比测验,平均误差为10.8%,与仿真分析结果一致。

关键词: 土壤呼吸, 开放气室, 仿真分析

Abstract:

A soil respiration monitoring equipment was designed to overcome the inconvenience of conventional open chambers which required gas sampling in an infrared gas analyzer to measure CO₂ concentration, and a correction calculation method was proposed for unstable CO₂ concentration. A compact and lightweight low-cost non-dispersive infrared sensor module was installed in a suitable position inside the chamber as an alternative to the infrared gas analyzer through computational fluid dynamics simulation analysis. Under the controlled gas flow rate of 3, 4, 5 L·min^-1, the CO₂ concentration field inside the chamber at soil respiration rates of 0.5, 2, 5, 10 μmol·m^-2·s^-1 was obtained according to the simulation software. The center point of the bottom surface of the chamber was used as the origin to establish Cartesian coordinate system. Combined with the analysis of sensor module dimensions, it was found that for the chamber described in this research, the average error in measuring CO₂ volume fraction to calculate soil respiration rate did not exceed 15% in the spherical area determined by the point (-0.046 5, 0.071 7, 0.209 0) (unit: m) as the center and the diameter of 0.05 m. After the deployment of sensors, the performance of the equipment was compared with the LI-8100 automated soil CO₂ flux system and the self-made closed chamber in field, and the mean error was 10.8%, which was consistent with the results of the simulation analysis.

Key words: soil respiration, open chamber, simulation analysis

中图分类号:

S151.9
X833

谷恪忱, 姜俊杰, 潘辰昕, 孙麒淞, 尹文杰, 胡军国. 一种基于开放气室的土壤呼吸监测装置[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(9): 2181-2191.

GU Kechen, JIANG Junjie, PAN Chenxin, SUN Qisong, YIN Wenjie, HU Junguo. A soil respiration monitoring equipment based on open chamber method[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(9): 2181-2191.

图/表 13

图1 本研究的土壤呼吸监测装置

Fig.1 Soil respiration monitoring equipment in this research

图2 典型的开放气室布置示意图

Fig.2 Diagram of a typical open chamber system setup

图3 土壤呼吸监测装置实物图 a,气室外部;b,气室内部。

Fig.3 Photos of soil respiration monitoring equipment a, Outside view of the chamber; b, Inside view of the chamber.

图4 气室的三维模型

Fig.4 Three-dimensional model of chamber

图5 气室网格示意图

Fig.5 Diagram of chamber mesh

表1 三种多孔介质的孔隙率和渗透率

Table 1 Porosities and permeabilities of three porous media

介质 Medium	孔隙率 Porosity/ (m³·m^-3)	渗透率 Permeability/ m²
多孔介质1 Porous medium 1	0.3	2×10^-11
多孔介质2 Porous medium 2	0.4	2×10^-10
多孔介质3 Porous medium 3	0.5	2×10^-9

图6 不同土壤呼吸速率下气室内的CO2体积分数廓线 a~d图对应的土壤呼吸速率依次为0.5、2、5、10 μmol·m-2·s-1。

Fig.6 CO2 volume fraction contours within chamber at different soil respiration rates The soil respiration rates in a-d are 0.5, 2, 5, 10 μmol·m-2·s-1, respectively.

图7 k值与簇内误差平方和的关系曲线

Fig.7 Relationship between k value and cluster intertia

图8 聚类结果

Fig.8 Clustering results

表2 各簇的质心坐标与样本点数量

Table 2 Centroid coordinates and number of samples of each cluster

簇编号 Cluster No.	质心坐标 Centroid coordinate/m	样本点数量 Sample quantity
1	(-0.008 3, 0.112 0, 0.200 0)	711
2	(-0.101 0, 0.101 0, 0.206 0)	881
3	(-0.105 0, 0.033 5, 0.206 0)	717
4	(-0.047 3, 0.081 3, 0.117 0)	447
5	(-0.046 5, 0.071 7, 0.209 0)	1 335

表3 土壤呼吸速率测量结果

Table 3 Measurement of soil respiration rate

指标Index	2022-03-15	2022-04-19	2022-04-20	2022-04-21	2022-07-07	2022-07-09
样本数Sample size	8	6	3	6	5	3
LI-8100测量值	1.76±0.06	—	—	—	5.90±0.32	5.75±0.98
Measured value by LI-8100/ (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)
SMCC测量值	—	3.68±0.998	2.40±0.0532	3.35±0.928	—	—
Measured value by SMCC/ (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)
SRME测量值	1.57±0.18	3.77±1.19	2.71±0.26	3.31±0.98	5.45±0.71	6.30±1.24
Measured value by SRME/ (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)
平均误差Mean error/%	12.8	7.9	12.7	8.1	11.4	12.1

图9 土壤CO2通量时间序列(2022年3月15日) SRME,土壤呼吸监测装置。下同。

Fig.9 Time series of measured soil CO2 flux (March 15, 2022) SRME, Soil respiration monitoring equipment. The same as below.

图10 土壤呼吸速率测量结果对比

Fig.10 Comparison of measured soil respiration rates

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一种基于开放气室的土壤呼吸监测装置

A soil respiration monitoring equipment based on open chamber method

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