化肥有机肥配施对土壤性质、樱桃果实品质和产量的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221052

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (9): 2192-2201.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221052

化肥有机肥配施对土壤性质、樱桃果实品质和产量的影响

岳宗伟(), 李嘉骁, 孙向阳(), 刘国梁, 李素艳, 王晨晨, 查贵超, 魏宁娴

北京林业大学 a. 林学院,森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室;b. 水土保持学院,北京 100083

收稿日期:2022-07-16 出版日期:2023-09-25 发布日期:2023-10-09
作者简介:岳宗伟(1998—),男,山东聊城人,硕士研究生,从事土壤生态及果园土壤肥力研究。E-mail:yuezongwei_2016@bjfu.edu.cn
通讯作者: 孙向阳,E-mail:sunxy@bifu.edu.cn
基金资助:
北京市自然科学基金(6202021)

Effects of chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer on soil properties, cherry fruit quality and yield

YUE Zongwei(), LI Jiaxiao, SUN Xiangyang(), LIU Guoliang, LI Suyan, WANG Chenchen, ZHA Guichao, WEI Ningxian

a. Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry; b. School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2022-07-16 Online:2023-09-25 Published:2023-10-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确化肥、有机肥配施比例对土壤理化性质、酶活性,以及樱桃果实品质和产量的影响,在北京市通州区开展田间试验,设置CK(不施肥),以及等氮量条件下配施不同比例有机肥的5个处理,研究不同处理间土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性和果实品质指标、产量的差异。结果显示,与CK和纯施化肥的处理相比,50%(以氮计)化肥+50%有机肥的处理可以显著(P<0.05)提升土壤全氮、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量和脲酶、蛋白酶、碱性磷酸酶、脱氢酶活性,在产量未显著下降的前提下,显著提高果实的维生素C含量和糖酸比,果实品质最好。在当地的樱桃生产中,50%化肥+50%有机肥是推荐的施肥方式。

关键词: 化肥有机肥配施, 化肥减量, 土壤养分, 土壤酶活性, 果实品质

Abstract:

To study the effects of chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer on soil physical and chemical properties, soil enzymes activities, and fruit quality and yield of cherry, a field experiment was conducted in Tongzhou District, Beijing, China. A total of 6 treatments were set including control (CK, no fertilizer) and 5 treatments with different proprotion of organic fertilizer. Except CK, the N input in the other treatments were equal. The differences of soil physical and chemical properties, soil enzymes activities, fruit quality indexes and fruit yiled were monitored among treatments. Compared with CK and the treatment with pure chemical ferilizers, the treatment with 50% (based on N input) chemical fertilizer+50% organic fertilizer could significantly (P<0.05) improve the contens of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and activities of soil urease, protease, alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenase. Besides, this treatment could significantly increase viatamin C content and sugar-acid ratio in fruit without significant yield reduction. Thus, for cherry production in the test area, 50% chemical fertilizer+50% organic fertilizer was the recommended fertilization method.

Key words: combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer, fertilizer reduction, soil nutrients, soil enzyme activity, fruit quality

中图分类号:

岳宗伟, 李嘉骁, 孙向阳, 刘国梁, 李素艳, 王晨晨, 查贵超, 魏宁娴. 化肥有机肥配施对土壤性质、樱桃果实品质和产量的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(9): 2192-2201.

YUE Zongwei, LI Jiaxiao, SUN Xiangyang, LIU Guoliang, LI Suyan, WANG Chenchen, ZHA Guichao, WEI Ningxian. Effects of chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer on soil properties, cherry fruit quality and yield[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(9): 2192-2201.

图/表 6

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处理 Treatment	尿素 Urea	过磷酸钙 Calcium superphosphate	氯化钾 Potassium chloride	有机肥 Organic fertilizer
CK	0	0	0	0
T1	0.300	0.300	0.400	0
T2	0.225	0.258	0.373	2.240
T3	0.150	0.216	0.347	4.480
T4	0.075	0.174	0.320	6.720
T5	0	0.132	0.293	8.960

处理 Treatment	尿素 Urea	过磷酸钙 Calcium superphosphate	氯化钾 Potassium chloride	有机肥 Organic fertilizer
CK	0	0	0	0
T1	0.300	0.300	0.400	0
T2	0.225	0.258	0.373	2.240
T3	0.150	0.216	0.347	4.480
T4	0.075	0.174	0.320	6.720
T5	0	0.132	0.293	8.960

指标 Index	蔗糖酶 Invertase	脲酶 Urease	蛋白酶 Protease	碱性磷酸酶 Alkaline phosphatase	脱氢酶 Dehydrogenase	过氧化氢酶 Catalase
pH	0.28	0.31	0.38	0.17	0.35	0.43
有机质Organic matter	0.40	0.82^**	0.54^*	0.90^**	0.50^*	0.38
全氮Total N	0.25	0.77^**	0.43	0.75^**	0.41	0.31
碱解氮Available N	0.63^**	0.69^**	0.36	0.58^*	0.63^**	0.44
有效磷Available P	0.28	0.24	0.24	0.16	0.25	0.23
速效钾Available K	0.45	0.52^*	0.62^**	0.48^*	0.44	0.33

指标 Index	蔗糖酶 Invertase	脲酶 Urease	蛋白酶 Protease	碱性磷酸酶 Alkaline phosphatase	脱氢酶 Dehydrogenase	过氧化氢酶 Catalase
pH	0.28	0.31	0.38	0.17	0.35	0.43
有机质Organic matter	0.40	0.82^**	0.54^*	0.90^**	0.50^*	0.38
全氮Total N	0.25	0.77^**	0.43	0.75^**	0.41	0.31
碱解氮Available N	0.63^**	0.69^**	0.36	0.58^*	0.63^**	0.44
有效磷Available P	0.28	0.24	0.24	0.16	0.25	0.23
速效钾Available K	0.45	0.52^*	0.62^**	0.48^*	0.44	0.33

指标 Index	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	可溶性固形物 Soluble solids	可滴定酸 Titratable acid	维生素C Vitamin C	糖酸比 Sugar-acid ratio	产量 Yield
pH	0.37	0.40	-0.25	0.32	0.38	0.39
有机质Organic matter	0.48^*	0.33	-0.37	0.59^**	0.50^*	0.09
全氮Total N	0.56^*	0.07	-0.35	0.51^*	0.53^*	0.24
碱解氮Available N	0.48^*	0.29	-0.70^**	0.53^*	0.81^**	0.27
有效磷Available P	0.53^*	0.34	-0.67^**	0.35	0.81^**	0.28
速效钾Available K	0.66^**	0.51^*	-0.59^*	0.69^**	0.81^**	0.45
蔗糖酶Invertase	0.20	0.26	-0.40	0.52^*	0.44	0.17
脲酶Urease	0.59^**	0.29	-0.60^**	0.80^**	0.69^**	0.36
蛋白酶Protease	0.70^**	0.44	-0.28	0.91^**	0.53^*	0.40
碱性磷酸酶Alkaline phosphatase	0.51^*	0.42	-0.40	0.69^**	0.52^*	0.28
脱氢酶Dehydrogenase	0.29	0.40	-0.43	0.53^*	0.47^*	0.25
过氧化氢酶Catalase	0.06	0.17	-0.39	0.31	0.29	0.27

化肥有机肥配施对土壤性质、樱桃果实品质和产量的影响

Effects of chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer on soil properties, cherry fruit quality and yield

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