化肥减量配施微生物肥对西蓝花产量品质与土壤性质的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230430

浙江农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (7): 1657-1665.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230430

化肥减量配施微生物肥对西蓝花产量品质与土壤性质的影响

胡铁军()

余姚市农业技术推广服务总站,浙江余姚 315400

收稿日期:2023-03-30 出版日期:2024-07-25 发布日期:2024-08-05
作者简介:胡铁军(1984—),男,浙江余姚人,学士,高级农艺师,主要从事肥料研究与推广工作。E-mail: hutiejunyysw@126.com
基金资助:
余姚市优秀中青年计划资助项目;宁波市农业技术推广项目(2019NT013);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-24-G-06)

Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizer application on yield, quality, and soil properties of broccoli

HU Tiejun()

Yuyao Agricultural Technology Extension Service Station, Yuyao 315400, Zhejiang, China

Received:2023-03-30 Online:2024-07-25 Published:2024-08-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究适宜西蓝花生产的化肥减量增效技术,提高种植效益,特开展田间试验,设置不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(W1)、化肥减量10%(在W1处理的基础上,下同)+微生物肥1 200 kg·hm^-2(W2)、化肥减量20%+微生物肥1 500 kg·hm^-2(W3)、化肥减量30%+微生物肥1 800 kg·hm^-2(W4)4个处理,研究不同施肥模式对西蓝花产量、品质、肥料利用率,以及对土壤养分、酶活性的影响。结果显示,与单一施用化肥相比,适当的化肥减量配施微生物肥可提高西蓝花的生物性状和产量,改善品质,同时可以提高肥料利用率,及土壤养分含量和酶活性。运用隶属函数法对不同处理下西蓝花的产量品质进行综合评价,以W3处理的效果最好,经济效益最佳,具有推广应用价值。

关键词: 西蓝花, 化肥减量, 产量, 品质, 土壤养分

Abstract:

In order to explore a suitable fertilization method, which could both reduce the input of chemical fertilizers and increase the efficiency of broccoli production, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different fertilization modes on the yield, quality, fertilizer utilization efficiency, and soil nutrients and enzymes activities of broccoli. There were four treatments: CK, no fertilizer applied; W1, conventional fertilization mode; W2, chemical fertilizer reduction by 10% (compared with the W1 treatment, the same as below)+microbial fertilizer 1 200 kg·hm^-2; W3, chemical fertilizer reduction by 20%+microbial fertilizer 1 500 kg·hm^-2; W4, chemical fertilizer reduction by 30%+microbial fertilizer 1 800 kg·hm^-2. The results showed that compared with the conventional fertilization mode, application of appropriate reduction of chemical fertilizer combined with microbial fertilizer could improve the biological traits and yield of broccoli, improve its quality, increase the utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers, and enhance the soil nutrients content and enzymes activities. The subordinate function method was used to comprehensively evaluate the characteristics and quality of broccoli under different fertilization modes, and the W3 treatment exhibited the best performance, as well as the highest economic benefit, which could be promoted in agricultural production.

Key words: broccoli, chemical fertilizer reduction, yield, quality, soil nutrient

中图分类号:

S606.2

胡铁军. 化肥减量配施微生物肥对西蓝花产量品质与土壤性质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(7): 1657-1665.

HU Tiejun. Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizer application on yield, quality, and soil properties of broccoli[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(7): 1657-1665.

图/表 10

参考文献 22

[1]	王建升, 沈钰森, 虞慧芳, 等. 西兰花浙青80的高效制种与纯度鉴定技术[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2023, 64(1): 75-78.
	WANG J S, SHEN Y S, YU H F, et al. Efficient seed production and purity identification technology of broccoli cultivar Zheqing 80[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 64(1): 75-78.(in Chinese)
[2]	武兴友. 微生物菌肥对农业生产的影响及研究趋势分析[J]. 中国果菜, 2018, 38(4): 9-11.
	WU X Y. Analysis of the effect on microbial fertilizer on agricultural production and research trends[J]. China Fruit & Vegetable, 2018, 38(4): 9-11.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]	吴珏, 王伟群, 瞿洁, 等. 化肥减量配施微生物肥料对青菜生长的影响[J]. 上海蔬菜, 2020(2): 52-54.
	WU J, WANG W Q, QU J, et al. Effect of reducing chemical fertilizer combined with microbial fertilizer on the growth of Chinese cabbage[J]. Shanghai Vegetables, 2020(2): 52-54.(in Chinese)
[4]	刘华, 李明, 田永强, 等. 化肥减量配施微生物肥对黄芪生长及产量的影响[J]. 黑龙江农业科学, 2022(1): 67-70.
	LIU H, LI M, TIAN Y Q, et al. Effects of reducing chemical fertilizer combined with microbial fertilizer on the growth and yield of Astragalus membranaceus[J]. Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022(1): 67-70.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]	高俊凤. 植物生理学实验指导[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2006.
[6]	茹朝, 郁继华, 武玥, 等. 化肥减量配施生物有机肥对露地大白菜产量及品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(8): 1626-1637.
	RU C, YU J H, WU Y, et al. Effect of reducing chemical fertilizer and applying bio-organic fertilizer on yield and quality of Chinese cabbage in open field[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(8): 1626-1637.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]	刘彦均, 李菊, 高天科, 等. 生物有机肥部分代替化肥对结球甘蓝养分吸收分配、品质和产量的影响[J]. 甘肃农业大学学报, 2022, 57(6): 88-96.
	LIU Y J, LI J, GAO T K, et al. Effect of partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with bio-organic fertilizers on nutrient utilization, quality and yield of cabbage[J]. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2022, 57(6): 88-96.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]	鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M]. 3版. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000.
[9]	关松荫. 土壤酶及其研究法[M]. 北京: 农业出版社, 1986.
[10]	缪桂红, 高建国, 赵丹, 等. 复合微生物肥替代化肥在如东县西兰花上的应用效果试验初报[J]. 上海农业科技, 2019(6): 104-105.
	MIAO G H, GAO J G, ZHAO D, et al. Preliminary report on the application effect of compound microbial fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer in broccoli in Rudong County[J]. Shanghai Agricultural Science and Technology, 2019(6): 104-105.(in Chinese)
[11]	朱望帅, 韩震, 胡一涵, 等. 化肥减施配施微生物菌肥对盐碱地土壤质量及玉米产量和品质的影响[J]. 山东农业科学, 2022, 54(12): 91-96.
	ZHU W S, HAN Z, HU Y H, et al. Effects of fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizer on soil quality and maize yield and quality in saline-alkali land[J]. Shandong Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 54(12): 91-96.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]	孙梅, 孙耿, 马颢榴, 等. 氨基酸叶面肥对不同蔬菜产量和品质的影响[J]. 湖南农业科学, 2018(2): 34-37.
	SUN M, SUN G, MA H L, et al. Effects of amino acid foliar fertilizer on yield and quality of different vegetables[J]. Hunan Agricultural Sciences, 2018(2): 34-37.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]	杨志刚, 叶英杰, 常海文, 等. 微生物菌肥及土壤修复剂对干制辣椒生长、品质及产量的影响[J]. 北方园艺, 2020(19): 1-7.
	YANG Z G, YE Y J, CHANG H W, et al. Effects of microbial fertilizer and soil amendment on the growth, quality and yield of dry pepper[J]. Northern Horticulture, 2020(19): 1-7.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]	谢静静. 化肥减量配施生物菌肥对不结球白菜生长及产量和品质的影响[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2015.
	XIE J J. Effects of bio-bacterial manure with reduction of chemical fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of non-heading Chinese cabbage[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]	张玉霞, 张国平, 钟攀, 等. 不同肥料组合对生姜产量和品质的影响[J]. 土壤, 2007, 39(6): 973-977.
	ZHANG Y X, ZHANG G P, ZHONG P, et al. Effect of different fertilizer combinations on yield and quality of ginger[J]. Soils, 2007, 39(6): 973-977.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]	沈莹, 高强, 时超, 等. 双孢菇菌糠微生物菌肥对叶菜品质的影响[J]. 黑龙江农业科学, 2014(12): 55-58.
	SHEN Y, GAO Q, SHI C, et al. Effect of Agaricus bisporus residue microorganism bacterial manure on the quality of leaf vegetables[J]. Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2014(12): 55-58.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]	何宇, 吕卫光, 李双喜, 等. γ-聚谷氨酸发酵液对小白菜生长及氮磷肥料利用率的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(2): 329-337.
	HE Y, LYU W G, LI S X, et al. Effects of γ-polyglutamic acid fermentation broth on growth of pakchoi and utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(2): 329-337.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]	胡铁军, 张怀杰. 化肥减量配施微生物肥对稻麦轮作养分吸收、周年产量和土壤养分的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2023, 64(1): 99-103.
	HU T J, ZHANG H J. Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizer on nutrient absorption, annual yield and soil nutrients in rice-wheat cropping system[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 64(1): 99-103.(in Chinese)
[19]	张杰, 马亚君, 贺志斌, 等. 微生物肥料替代化肥在苹果种植中的应用效果研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2019, 21(7): 128-135.
	ZHANG J, MA Y J, HE Z B, et al. Application of microbial fertilizer instead of fertilizer in apple planting[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2019, 21(7): 128-135.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]	王燕云, 赵龙杰, 郝春莉, 等. 生物有机肥对不同连作年限设施黄瓜土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2019, 31(4): 631-638.
	WANG Y Y, ZHAO L J, HAO C L, et al. Effects of bio-organic fertilizer on soil microbial population and enzymes activities under different continuous cropping years of protected cucumber[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2019, 31(4): 631-638.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]	殷琳毅, 李进, 袁春新, 等. 生物有机肥替代化肥对土壤及荠菜产量、品质的影响[J]. 中国瓜菜, 2023, 36(1): 85-89.
	YIN L Y, LI J, YUAN C X, et al. Bioorganic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer affects the soil and shepherd’s purse yield and quality[J]. China Cucurbits and Vegetables, 2023, 36(1): 85-89.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]	赵玲玉, 索升州, 赵祺, 等. 梭梭根际促生菌(PGPR)菌肥对番茄产量、品质和土壤特性的影响[J]. 甘肃农业大学学报, 2022, 57(3): 42-51.
	ZHAO L Y, SUO S Z, ZHAO Q, et al. Effects of biofertilizers with PGPR strains from rhizosphere of Haloxylon ammodendron on fruit yield, quality and soil characteristics of tomato[J]. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2022, 57(3): 42-51.(in Chinese with English abstract)

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/ cm	花球横径 Transverse diamter of curd/cm	花球纵径 Height of curd in longitudinal section/cm	花球重 Curd weight/kg	产量 Yield/ (t·hm^-2)
CK	31.24 d	10.81 c	10.16 c	0.34 d	13.12 d
W1	40.51 c	13.83 b	12.57 b	0.43 c	15.81 c
W2	44.13 ab	15.95 a	13.94 ab	0.48 ab	17.13 ab
W3	45.97 a	16.32 a	14.21 a	0.49 a	17.96 a
W4	43.33 b	15.44 a	13.28 b	0.46 b	16.88 b

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/ cm	花球横径 Transverse diamter of curd/cm	花球纵径 Height of curd in longitudinal section/cm	花球重 Curd weight/kg	产量 Yield/ (t·hm^-2)
CK	31.24 d	10.81 c	10.16 c	0.34 d	13.12 d
W1	40.51 c	13.83 b	12.57 b	0.43 c	15.81 c
W2	44.13 ab	15.95 a	13.94 ab	0.48 ab	17.13 ab
W3	45.97 a	16.32 a	14.21 a	0.49 a	17.96 a
W4	43.33 b	15.44 a	13.28 b	0.46 b	16.88 b

处理 Treatment	产量 Yield/(t·hm^-2)	产值 Output/(yuan·hm^-2)	肥料成本 Fertilizer cost/(yuan·hm^-2)	收入 Income/(yuan·hm^-2)
CK	13.12	52 471.80	0	52 471.80
W1	15.81	63 225.60	5 272.05	57 953.55
W2	17.13	68 533.80	8 344.80	60 189.00
W3	17.96	71 847.00	8 717.70	63 129.30
W4	16.88	67 537.20	9 090.45	58 446.75

处理 Treatment	产量 Yield/(t·hm^-2)	产值 Output/(yuan·hm^-2)	肥料成本 Fertilizer cost/(yuan·hm^-2)	收入 Income/(yuan·hm^-2)
CK	13.12	52 471.80	0	52 471.80
W1	15.81	63 225.60	5 272.05	57 953.55
W2	17.13	68 533.80	8 344.80	60 189.00
W3	17.96	71 847.00	8 717.70	63 129.30
W4	16.88	67 537.20	9 090.45	58 446.75

处理 Treatment	Ph	TD	LH	CW	Y	V_C	SS	Ni	CF	SP	TC	M	排名 Ranking
CK	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.00	0	0	0.09	5
W1	0.63	0.55	0.59	0.60	0.56	0.65	0.52	1.00	0.53	1.00	0.32	0.63	4
W2	0.88	0.93	0.93	0.93	0.83	0.78	0.81	0.94	0.42	0.88	0.62	0.81	2
W3	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.83	0.15	0.66	1.00	0.88	1
W4	0.82	0.84	0.77	0.80	0.78	0.71	0.73	0.75	0	0.36	0.56	0.65	3

化肥减量配施微生物肥对西蓝花产量品质与土壤性质的影响

Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizer application on yield, quality, and soil properties of broccoli

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 10

参考文献 22

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

处理 Treatment	氮素吸收量 N uptake/ (kg·hm^-2)	氮肥表观利用率 Apparent N recovery efficiency/%	氮肥农学效率 N agronomic efficiency/ (kg·kg^-1)	氮肥偏生产力 Partial factor productivity for applied N/(kg·kg^-1)
CK	124.21 c	—	—	—
W1	204.60 a	28.66 b	9.58 c	56.35 d
W2	201.38 ab	30.57 b	15.91 b	67.87 c
W3	206.99 a	36.89 a	21.59 a	80.04 b
W4	189.81 b	33.41 ab	19.18 a	85.99 a

处理 Treatment	磷素吸收量 P uptake/ (kg·hm^-2)	磷肥表观利用率 Apparent P recovery efficiency/%	磷肥农学效率 P agronomic efficiency/ (kg·kg^-1)	磷肥偏生产力 Partial factor productivity for applied P/(kg·kg^-1)
CK	60.12 d	—	—	—
W1	106.46 b	16.52 b	9.58 c	56.35 d
W2	107.93 b	18.94 b	15.91 b	67.87 c
W3	111.44 a	22.87 a	21.59 a	80.04 b
W4	100.21 c	20.42 a	19.18 a	85.99 a

处理 Treatment	钾素吸收量 K uptake/ (kg·hm^-2)	钾肥表观利用率 Apparent K recovery efficiency/%	钾肥农学效率 K agronomic efficiency/ (kg·kg^-1)	钾肥偏生产力 Partial factor productivity for applied K/(kg·kg^-1)
CK	223.18 d	—	—	—
W1	322.65 b	35.46 c	9.58 c	56.35 d
W2	331.66 a	42.97 b	15.91 b	67.87 c
W3	332.31 a	48.63 a	21.59 a	80.04 b
W4	313.09 c	45.79 ab	19.18 a	85.99 a

处理 Treatment	pH	有机质含量 Organic matter content/(g·kg^-1)	碱解氮含量 Alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen content/(mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量 Available phosphorus content/(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Available potassium content/(mg·kg^-1)
CK	5.98 a	15.15 c	101.51 c	10.94 c	105.13 e
W1	5.86 a	15.37 c	109.65 b	12.46 b	116.24 d
W2	5.91 a	16.92 b	113.24 b	12.87 b	121.35 c
W3	5.98 a	18.33 a	119.72 a	13.52 ab	127.64 b
W4	5.97 a	19.52 a	122.56 a	13.97 a	132.31 a

处理 Treatment	蔗糖酶活性 Sucrase activity/ (mg·g^-1)	脲酶活性 Urease activity/ (mg·g^-1)	过氧化氢酶活性 Catalase activity/ (mg·g^-1)	纤维素酶活性 Cellulase activity/ (mg·g^-1)
CK	13.08 d	1.52 c	0.64 d	58.14 d
W1	15.47 c	1.68 b	0.78 c	62.47 c
W2	18.92 b	1.72 b	0.84 bc	67.35 b
W3	20.34 a	1.88 a	0.96 a	71.94 a
W4	19.02 ab	1.97 a	0.88 b	69.43 ab

[1]	许卫猛, 徐妍, 陈国立. 基于多种分析方法的糯玉米品质综合评价[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(9): 1840-1848.
[2]	吴菊, 杨飞, 吴国泉, 傅贤, 徐晨光. 砂培和土壤栽培对黄瓜生长、产量与品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(9): 1905-1913.
[3]	朱为静, 吴佳, 洪春来, 朱凤香, 洪磊东, 张涛, 张硕, 诸惠芬. 秸秆覆盖对土壤水热肥及蟠桃产量和品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(9): 1924-1932.
[4]	韦庆翠, 姜娜英, 沈骏扬, 张焕朝, 张衡锋. 化肥减量配施生物质炭对高沙土氮磷淋失及土壤性质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(9): 1943-1950.
[5]	贺世雄, 杨蕾, 齐安民, 程籍, 王敏, 李英奎, 洪林. 中间砧对3种杂柑叶片光合特性、理化指标和果实品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(8): 1680-1693.
[6]	张顺昌, 徐继根, 符成悦, 蒲占湑, 胡丽鹏, 吴昊, 李俊兵, 辛亮, 雷元军. 喷施氨基酸钙对红美人杂柑果皮龟裂与品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(8): 1706-1715.
[7]	张智颖, 邱琴, 侯立娟, 徐平, 蒋宁, 林金盛, 李辉平, 曲绍轩, 马林, 王伟霞, 李福后. 杀虫剂施用对秀珍菇和毛木耳的安全性评价[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(8): 1733-1742.
[8]	严福林, 郎云虎, 简应权, 陈雄飞, 魏巍, 王志威, 安江勇, 任得强, 丁宁, 魏升华. 八爪金龙药材产量与品质对土壤理化性状的响应[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(8): 1766-1775.
[9]	王呈阳, 刘洁雅, 吴敏怡, 谢博伊, 洪德成, 冷锋, 吴国泉. 钙处理对涝害下寒香蜜葡萄果实品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(7): 1451-1458.
[10]	张敏, 张阳, 申婧, 虎陈霞. 化肥减量增效目标下配方肥补贴数字化转型的政企农三方演化博弈分析[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(7): 1567-1579.
[11]	张若楠, 门小明, 秦凯鹏, 王彬彬, 吴杰, 丁向彬, 徐子伟, 齐珂珂. 绿嘉黑猪的不同杂交组合生长性能、胴体品质、产肉性能和收益比较研究[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(6): 1203-1211.
[12]	项缨, 丛建民, 潘丹红, 陶永刚. 春大棚有机种植不同品种番茄的生育进程分析和综合评价研究[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(6): 1252-1261.
[13]	刘文琦, 胡齐赞, 岳智臣, 陶鹏, 雷娟利, 李必元, 赵彦婷, 王华森. 夏季高温对叶用芥菜外观与营养品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(6): 1262-1271.
[14]	张智, 何豪豪, 郁妙, 许剑锋. 化肥减量配施土壤改良剂对土壤酸度、土壤养分和水稻产量的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(6): 1301-1308.
[15]	林小兵, 黎江, 成艳红, 王斌强, 何绍浪, 黄尚书, 黄欠如. 不同有机物料对土壤微生物生物量、矿质氮含量与水稻产量的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(6): 1309-1318.