化肥减量配施微生物肥对西蓝花产量品质与土壤性质的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230430

浙江农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (7): 1657-1665.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230430

化肥减量配施微生物肥对西蓝花产量品质与土壤性质的影响

胡铁军()

余姚市农业技术推广服务总站,浙江余姚 315400

收稿日期:2023-03-30 出版日期:2024-07-25 发布日期:2024-08-05
作者简介:胡铁军(1984—),男,浙江余姚人,学士,高级农艺师,主要从事肥料研究与推广工作。E-mail: hutiejunyysw@126.com
基金资助:
余姚市优秀中青年计划资助项目;宁波市农业技术推广项目(2019NT013);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-24-G-06)

Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizer application on yield, quality, and soil properties of broccoli

HU Tiejun()

Yuyao Agricultural Technology Extension Service Station, Yuyao 315400, Zhejiang, China

Received:2023-03-30 Online:2024-07-25 Published:2024-08-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究适宜西蓝花生产的化肥减量增效技术,提高种植效益,特开展田间试验,设置不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(W1)、化肥减量10%(在W1处理的基础上,下同)+微生物肥1 200 kg·hm^-2(W2)、化肥减量20%+微生物肥1 500 kg·hm^-2(W3)、化肥减量30%+微生物肥1 800 kg·hm^-2(W4)4个处理,研究不同施肥模式对西蓝花产量、品质、肥料利用率,以及对土壤养分、酶活性的影响。结果显示,与单一施用化肥相比,适当的化肥减量配施微生物肥可提高西蓝花的生物性状和产量,改善品质,同时可以提高肥料利用率,及土壤养分含量和酶活性。运用隶属函数法对不同处理下西蓝花的产量品质进行综合评价,以W3处理的效果最好,经济效益最佳,具有推广应用价值。

关键词: 西蓝花, 化肥减量, 产量, 品质, 土壤养分

Abstract:

In order to explore a suitable fertilization method, which could both reduce the input of chemical fertilizers and increase the efficiency of broccoli production, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different fertilization modes on the yield, quality, fertilizer utilization efficiency, and soil nutrients and enzymes activities of broccoli. There were four treatments: CK, no fertilizer applied; W1, conventional fertilization mode; W2, chemical fertilizer reduction by 10% (compared with the W1 treatment, the same as below)+microbial fertilizer 1 200 kg·hm^-2; W3, chemical fertilizer reduction by 20%+microbial fertilizer 1 500 kg·hm^-2; W4, chemical fertilizer reduction by 30%+microbial fertilizer 1 800 kg·hm^-2. The results showed that compared with the conventional fertilization mode, application of appropriate reduction of chemical fertilizer combined with microbial fertilizer could improve the biological traits and yield of broccoli, improve its quality, increase the utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers, and enhance the soil nutrients content and enzymes activities. The subordinate function method was used to comprehensively evaluate the characteristics and quality of broccoli under different fertilization modes, and the W3 treatment exhibited the best performance, as well as the highest economic benefit, which could be promoted in agricultural production.

Key words: broccoli, chemical fertilizer reduction, yield, quality, soil nutrient

中图分类号:

S606.2

胡铁军. 化肥减量配施微生物肥对西蓝花产量品质与土壤性质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(7): 1657-1665.

HU Tiejun. Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizer application on yield, quality, and soil properties of broccoli[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(7): 1657-1665.

图/表 10

参考文献 22

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处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/ cm	花球横径 Transverse diamter of curd/cm	花球纵径 Height of curd in longitudinal section/cm	花球重 Curd weight/kg	产量 Yield/ (t·hm^-2)
CK	31.24 d	10.81 c	10.16 c	0.34 d	13.12 d
W1	40.51 c	13.83 b	12.57 b	0.43 c	15.81 c
W2	44.13 ab	15.95 a	13.94 ab	0.48 ab	17.13 ab
W3	45.97 a	16.32 a	14.21 a	0.49 a	17.96 a
W4	43.33 b	15.44 a	13.28 b	0.46 b	16.88 b

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/ cm	花球横径 Transverse diamter of curd/cm	花球纵径 Height of curd in longitudinal section/cm	花球重 Curd weight/kg	产量 Yield/ (t·hm^-2)
CK	31.24 d	10.81 c	10.16 c	0.34 d	13.12 d
W1	40.51 c	13.83 b	12.57 b	0.43 c	15.81 c
W2	44.13 ab	15.95 a	13.94 ab	0.48 ab	17.13 ab
W3	45.97 a	16.32 a	14.21 a	0.49 a	17.96 a
W4	43.33 b	15.44 a	13.28 b	0.46 b	16.88 b

处理 Treatment	产量 Yield/(t·hm^-2)	产值 Output/(yuan·hm^-2)	肥料成本 Fertilizer cost/(yuan·hm^-2)	收入 Income/(yuan·hm^-2)
CK	13.12	52 471.80	0	52 471.80
W1	15.81	63 225.60	5 272.05	57 953.55
W2	17.13	68 533.80	8 344.80	60 189.00
W3	17.96	71 847.00	8 717.70	63 129.30
W4	16.88	67 537.20	9 090.45	58 446.75

处理 Treatment	产量 Yield/(t·hm^-2)	产值 Output/(yuan·hm^-2)	肥料成本 Fertilizer cost/(yuan·hm^-2)	收入 Income/(yuan·hm^-2)
CK	13.12	52 471.80	0	52 471.80
W1	15.81	63 225.60	5 272.05	57 953.55
W2	17.13	68 533.80	8 344.80	60 189.00
W3	17.96	71 847.00	8 717.70	63 129.30
W4	16.88	67 537.20	9 090.45	58 446.75

处理 Treatment	Ph	TD	LH	CW	Y	V_C	SS	Ni	CF	SP	TC	M	排名 Ranking
CK	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.00	0	0	0.09	5
W1	0.63	0.55	0.59	0.60	0.56	0.65	0.52	1.00	0.53	1.00	0.32	0.63	4
W2	0.88	0.93	0.93	0.93	0.83	0.78	0.81	0.94	0.42	0.88	0.62	0.81	2
W3	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.83	0.15	0.66	1.00	0.88	1
W4	0.82	0.84	0.77	0.80	0.78	0.71	0.73	0.75	0	0.36	0.56	0.65	3

化肥减量配施微生物肥对西蓝花产量品质与土壤性质的影响

Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizer application on yield, quality, and soil properties of broccoli

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参考文献 22

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处理 Treatment	氮素吸收量 N uptake/ (kg·hm^-2)	氮肥表观利用率 Apparent N recovery efficiency/%	氮肥农学效率 N agronomic efficiency/ (kg·kg^-1)	氮肥偏生产力 Partial factor productivity for applied N/(kg·kg^-1)
CK	124.21 c	—	—	—
W1	204.60 a	28.66 b	9.58 c	56.35 d
W2	201.38 ab	30.57 b	15.91 b	67.87 c
W3	206.99 a	36.89 a	21.59 a	80.04 b
W4	189.81 b	33.41 ab	19.18 a	85.99 a

处理 Treatment	磷素吸收量 P uptake/ (kg·hm^-2)	磷肥表观利用率 Apparent P recovery efficiency/%	磷肥农学效率 P agronomic efficiency/ (kg·kg^-1)	磷肥偏生产力 Partial factor productivity for applied P/(kg·kg^-1)
CK	60.12 d	—	—	—
W1	106.46 b	16.52 b	9.58 c	56.35 d
W2	107.93 b	18.94 b	15.91 b	67.87 c
W3	111.44 a	22.87 a	21.59 a	80.04 b
W4	100.21 c	20.42 a	19.18 a	85.99 a

处理 Treatment	钾素吸收量 K uptake/ (kg·hm^-2)	钾肥表观利用率 Apparent K recovery efficiency/%	钾肥农学效率 K agronomic efficiency/ (kg·kg^-1)	钾肥偏生产力 Partial factor productivity for applied K/(kg·kg^-1)
CK	223.18 d	—	—	—
W1	322.65 b	35.46 c	9.58 c	56.35 d
W2	331.66 a	42.97 b	15.91 b	67.87 c
W3	332.31 a	48.63 a	21.59 a	80.04 b
W4	313.09 c	45.79 ab	19.18 a	85.99 a

处理 Treatment	pH	有机质含量 Organic matter content/(g·kg^-1)	碱解氮含量 Alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen content/(mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量 Available phosphorus content/(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Available potassium content/(mg·kg^-1)
CK	5.98 a	15.15 c	101.51 c	10.94 c	105.13 e
W1	5.86 a	15.37 c	109.65 b	12.46 b	116.24 d
W2	5.91 a	16.92 b	113.24 b	12.87 b	121.35 c
W3	5.98 a	18.33 a	119.72 a	13.52 ab	127.64 b
W4	5.97 a	19.52 a	122.56 a	13.97 a	132.31 a

处理 Treatment	蔗糖酶活性 Sucrase activity/ (mg·g^-1)	脲酶活性 Urease activity/ (mg·g^-1)	过氧化氢酶活性 Catalase activity/ (mg·g^-1)	纤维素酶活性 Cellulase activity/ (mg·g^-1)
CK	13.08 d	1.52 c	0.64 d	58.14 d
W1	15.47 c	1.68 b	0.78 c	62.47 c
W2	18.92 b	1.72 b	0.84 bc	67.35 b
W3	20.34 a	1.88 a	0.96 a	71.94 a
W4	19.02 ab	1.97 a	0.88 b	69.43 ab

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