灌溉时间和灌溉量对杏李裂果率与果实品质的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221544

浙江农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 365-372.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221544

灌溉时间和灌溉量对杏李裂果率与果实品质的影响

罗莎莎¹^,²(), 王如月¹^,², 甄紫怡¹, 吴嘉龙³, 徐业勇⁴, 巴合提牙儿·克热木⁴, 孙雅丽⁴, 虎海防⁴^,^*()

1.新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆佳木果树学国家长期科研基地,新疆温宿 843100
3.塔里木大学园艺与林学学院,新疆阿拉尔 843300
4.新疆林业科学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830063

收稿日期:2022-11-01 出版日期:2024-02-25 发布日期:2024-03-05
作者简介:罗莎莎(1998—),女,贵州剑河人,硕士研究生,研究方向为森林培育。E-mail:1742461211@qq.com
通讯作者: *虎海防,E-mail:43784936@qq.com
基金资助:
2022年中央引导地方科技发展专项资金(ZYYD2022B15);2023年自治区林业发展补助资金(林草科技)项目(XJLYKJ-2023-11)

Effect of irrigation time and amount on cracking rate and quality of apricot plum fruit

LUO Shasha¹^,²(), WANG Ruyue¹^,², ZHEN Ziyi¹, WU Jialong³, XU Yeyong⁴, Bahetiyaer KERIM⁴, SUN Yali⁴, HU Haifang⁴^,^*()

1. School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. National Long-Term Research Base of Xinjiang Jiamu Fruit Tree Science, Wensu 843100, Xinjiang, China
3. School of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, China
4. Xinjiang Forestry Academy, Urumqi 830063, China

Received:2022-11-01 Online:2024-02-25 Published:2024-03-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以杏李(Prunus domestica×armeniaca)品种味帝为研究对象,设置双因素试验,研究灌溉时间和灌溉量对果实裂果率与品质的影响。其中,灌溉时间设为转色期、始熟期、成熟期;灌溉量(以小区计)分设为80 m³和120 m³。在果实成熟后,检测裂果率与果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量、可滴定酸含量、钙含量、钾含量、纤维素含量、果胶含量、游离脯氨酸含量等品质指标。结果表明,转色期灌水80 m³的处理的裂果率最低。相关性分析结果显示,果皮、果肉钙含量与裂果率呈显著(P<0.05)负相关。基于测定的品质指标,运用主成分分析法对不同处理的果实品质进行综合评价,发现以转色期灌水80 m³处理的杏李果实品质最优。

关键词: 杏李, 灌溉时间, 灌溉量, 裂果率, 果实品质

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effect of irrigation time and irrigation amount on cracking rate and quality of apricot plum (Prunus domestica×armeniaca) fruit, a two-factor test was conducted. The irrigation time was set at the veraison stage, initial mature stage and mature stage, respectively, and the irrigation amount was set as 80 m³ and 120 m³ per plot, respectively. The cracking rate and quality indexes of fruit, including fruit hardness and contents of soluble solids, vitamin C, soluble sugar, titratable acid, calcium, potassium, cellulose, pectin, free proline, were analyzed after fruit ripening. It was shown that the lowest fruit cracking rate was achieved by irrigating 80 m³ at the veraison stage. The cracking rate of fruit was significantly (P<0.05) negatively correlated with the calcium content in peel and pulp of fruit, which was revealed by the correlation analysis. Given the determined quality indexes of fruit, the best comprehensive quality of apricot plum fruit was found under the treatment of irrigating 80 m³ at the veraison stage, which was calculated by the principal component analysis.

Key words: apricot plum, irrigation time, irrigation amount, fruit cracking rate, fruit quality

中图分类号:

S502

罗莎莎, 王如月, 甄紫怡, 吴嘉龙, 徐业勇, 巴合提牙儿·克热木, 孙雅丽, 虎海防. 灌溉时间和灌溉量对杏李裂果率与果实品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(2): 365-372.

LUO Shasha, WANG Ruyue, ZHEN Ziyi, WU Jialong, XU Yeyong, Bahetiyaer KERIM, SUN Yali, HU Haifang. Effect of irrigation time and amount on cracking rate and quality of apricot plum fruit[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(2): 365-372.

图/表 5

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处理 Treatment	裂果率 Cracking rate/%	果实含水量 Fruit water content/%	细胞壁含量 Cell wall content/(g·kg^-1)	土壤含水率 Soil moisture content/%	果皮钙含量 Calcium content in peel/(μg·mL^-1)	果肉钙含量 Calcium content in pulp/(μg·mL^-1)
D1W1	20.00±0.04 c	73.51±0.01 c	0.72±0.01 a	5.67±0.04 c	1 124.30±13.51 a	1 089.77±21.49 a
D1W2	22.00±0.10 bc	77.22±0.02 bc	0.71±0.07 a	7.67±0.03 bc	1 098.23±21.47 ab	1 055.64±21.76 ab
D2W1	41.00±0.17 abc	77.36±0.00 bc	0.69±0.05 a	8.00±0.02 bc	1 052.15±15.48 bc	1 034.07±9.24 b
D2W2	39.00±0.17 abc	77.83±0.06 bc	0.68±0.01 a	12.67±0.04 abc	1 006.84±27.82 cd	946.72±7.37 c
D3W1	43.00±0.05 ab	80.68±0.02 ab	0.65±0.01 a	14.67±0.01 ab	983.80±35.97 d	940.04±26.16 c
D3W2	47.00±0.05 a	84.00±0.03 a	0.59±0.04 ab	18.33±0.09 a	879.69±20.71 e	975.96±12.22 c
CK	41.00±0.08 abc	72.85±0.02 c	0.51±0.14 b	4.67±0.01 c	978.06±35.97 d	945.09±26.61 c

处理 Treatment	裂果率 Cracking rate/%	果实含水量 Fruit water content/%	细胞壁含量 Cell wall content/(g·kg^-1)	土壤含水率 Soil moisture content/%	果皮钙含量 Calcium content in peel/(μg·mL^-1)	果肉钙含量 Calcium content in pulp/(μg·mL^-1)
D1W1	20.00±0.04 c	73.51±0.01 c	0.72±0.01 a	5.67±0.04 c	1 124.30±13.51 a	1 089.77±21.49 a
D1W2	22.00±0.10 bc	77.22±0.02 bc	0.71±0.07 a	7.67±0.03 bc	1 098.23±21.47 ab	1 055.64±21.76 ab
D2W1	41.00±0.17 abc	77.36±0.00 bc	0.69±0.05 a	8.00±0.02 bc	1 052.15±15.48 bc	1 034.07±9.24 b
D2W2	39.00±0.17 abc	77.83±0.06 bc	0.68±0.01 a	12.67±0.04 abc	1 006.84±27.82 cd	946.72±7.37 c
D3W1	43.00±0.05 ab	80.68±0.02 ab	0.65±0.01 a	14.67±0.01 ab	983.80±35.97 d	940.04±26.16 c
D3W2	47.00±0.05 a	84.00±0.03 a	0.59±0.04 ab	18.33±0.09 a	879.69±20.71 e	975.96±12.22 c
CK	41.00±0.08 abc	72.85±0.02 c	0.51±0.14 b	4.67±0.01 c	978.06±35.97 d	945.09±26.61 c

指标 Index	裂果率 Cracking rate	果实含水量 Fruit water content	细胞壁含量 Cell wall content	土壤含水率 Soil moisture content	果皮钙含量 Calcium content in peel
果实含水量Fruit water content	0.561
细胞壁含量Cell wall content	-0.625	-0.008
土壤含水率Soil moisture content	0.606	0.955^**	-0.074
果皮钙含量Calcium content in peel	-0.881^**	-0.665	0.718	-0.733
果肉钙含量Calcium content in pulp	-0.796^*	-0.343	0.662	-0.492	0.722^*

指标 Index	裂果率 Cracking rate	果实含水量 Fruit water content	细胞壁含量 Cell wall content	土壤含水率 Soil moisture content	果皮钙含量 Calcium content in peel
果实含水量Fruit water content	0.561
细胞壁含量Cell wall content	-0.625	-0.008
土壤含水率Soil moisture content	0.606	0.955^**	-0.074
果皮钙含量Calcium content in peel	-0.881^**	-0.665	0.718	-0.733
果肉钙含量Calcium content in pulp	-0.796^*	-0.343	0.662	-0.492	0.722^*

处理 Treatment	可溶性固形物含量 Soluble solids content/%	硬度 Hardness/ (kg·cm^-2)	维生素C含量 Vitamin C content/(μg·g^-1)	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content/(mg·g^-1)	可滴定酸含量 Titratable acid content/(mg·g^-1)
D1W1	21.10±1.50 a	17.32±0.99 ab	4.23±0.53 b	5.34±0.65 a	46.56±2.48 a
D1W2	20.97±0.95 a	16.18±2.32 ab	5.25±0.20 a	4.97±0.51 ab	48.22±1.35 a
D2W1	18.93±1.27 ab	16.16±1.71 ab	3.89±0.27 bc	4.91±0.42 abc	44.93±4.03 ab
D2W2	16.63±2.38 bc	14.26±1.21 b	4.13±0.62 b	4.47±0.26 bc	45.43±3.41 ab
D3W1	18.20±1.97 abc	15.67±3.18 ab	3.94±0.20 bc	4.29±0.38 bc	37.52±2.62 c
D3W2	15.92±0.80 bc	14.05±0.31 b	4.09±0.68 bc	4.22±0.18 bc	44.51±2.68 ab
CK	15.40±1.82 c	18.21±1.44 a	3.26±0.11 c	4.10±0.37 c	40.30±1.14 bc
处理 Treatment	钙含量 Calcium content/ (μg·mL^-1)	钾含量 Potassium content/ (mg·L^-1)	纤维素含量 Cellulose content/ (mg·g^-1)	果胶含量 Pectin content/ (mg·g^-1)	游离脯氨酸含量 Free proline content/(μg·g^-1)
D1W1	1 171.00±18.66 a	1 700.26±19.11 e	10.17±0.84 ab	1.46±0.06 a	59.84±6.60 a
D1W2	1 077.52±20.29 b	2 067.27±20.37 a	10.53±1.66 ab	1.33±0.28 a	56.10±0.62 ab
D2W1	1 061.61±19.83 b	1 756.67±7.68 d	11.04±1.26 ab	1.39±0.06 a	51.79±3.77 bc
D2W2	1 055.79±36.57 bc	1 867.46±20.42 c	10.26±0.87 ab	1.13±0.37 b	56.76±10 ab
D3W1	1 011.88±20.97 cd	1 687.52±34.92 e	12.30±1.03 a	1.35±0.35 a	54.79±5.51 ab
D3W2	981.78±22.08 d	1 963.98±17.58 b	10.20±1.07 ab	1.22±0.29 b	61.94±1.98 a
CK	987.06±16.14 d	1 693.47±34.69 e	9.04±0.24 b	1.82±0.15 a	44.59±1.76 c

灌溉时间和灌溉量对杏李裂果率与果实品质的影响

Effect of irrigation time and amount on cracking rate and quality of apricot plum fruit

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处理 Treatment	主成分1得分 Score on principle component 1	主成分2得分 Score on principle component 2	主成分3得分 Score on principle component 3	综合得分 Composite score	排序 Rank
D1W1	1.72	2.45	1.55	1.55	1
D1W2	2.65	0.37	1.18	1.18	2
D2W1	0.06	0.69	0.31	0.31	3
D2W2	0.58	-1.45	-0.21	-0.21	4
D3W1	-1.18	-0.80	-0.42	-0.42	5
D3W2	0.18	-2.50	-0.75	-0.75	6
CK	-3.99	1.24	-1.65	-1.65	7

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